新型双金属双配体催化剂对NBR加氢的影响

以四甲基乙二胺-苯硫醚为双配体制备了新型铑钌加氢催化剂,研究了这种催化剂对NBR的加氢活性,主要考察了催化剂浓度以及反应温度、时间、氢气压力、胶液浓度对NBR溶液加氢性能的影响,得到了新型双金属双配体催化剂对NBR加氢的较佳工艺参数.同时在自行设计的动力学研究装置上,测试了催化剂对NBR加氢的空气稳定性,其空气稳定性优于现有的其他贵金属加氢催化剂.与几种商业化的胶的性能进行了对比,自制的HNBR产品力学性能达到了工业化产品的水平,表明这种新型催化剂具有高活性、好的选择性以及优良的实用性.     

新型Rh-Ru双金属催化剂对NBR加氢动力学的研究方法

设计了一种通过质量流量计自动记录气－液催化加氢反应动力学装置，用于丁腈橡胶（NBR）加氢动力学的研究，具有灵敏，方便和准确的特点。这种测量系统在保持压力恒定的条件下，可从质量流量计上连续地显示气体的瞬时流量和累积消耗量，通过计算机联机记录并进行数据处理，研究其动力学行为。用这个系统对比了RhCl(PPh3)3催化剂和RuCl2(PPh3)3催化剂的混合物与自行开发的铑钌双金属催化剂对NBR加氢的瞬时速率，同时测定了新型铑钌双金属催化剂对不同浓度NBR加氢的氢气瞬时速率和累计流量与时间的关系。另外比较了化学分析法和流量计法测定的NBR加氢度。表明本方法是一种方便，可行的NBR加氢动力学研究方法。     

Structure and catalytic properties of Cu-Ni bimetallic catalysts for hydrogenation

The dependence of catalytic activity and selectivity of Cu-Ni bimetallic catalysts for oil hydrogenation on CuNi ratios have been investigated while they were reduced at low temperature (230 °C). Two maxima occurred at Cu₂Ni₁ and Cu₁Ni₃ in the activity-CuNi curve. Cu riched catalysts have higher selectivity than Ni riched ones, and may cause dehydrogenation and isomerization of linoleate at the beginning of the reaction. The structures of the catalysts reduced at different temperatures have been studied by means of XRD, XPS, EXAFS and FMR et al. The structure of the catalysts reduced at 230 °C can be described as an aggregate of Cu particles inlaid with Ni atoms and unreduced NiO, and the easily reduced Cu always segregates on the surface, while homogeneous solid solution particles can be formed in the case 400 °C being used as reduction temperature.     

钌钯双金属催化剂催化L-氨基丙酸加氢特性

通过添加金属Pd对Ru/C催化剂进行改性,提高了L-氨基丙酸加氢制备L-氨基丙醇的收率和光学选择性。采用ICP-MS、XRD、TEM和XPS对所制备的催化剂进行了系统的表征,结果表明：RuPd物种在载体活性炭上分散均匀粒径较小,Pd原子的加入可显著改善Ru的电子特性,调变不同的RuPd原子比,可影响RuPd物种的存在状态,进而影响L-氨基丙醇的收率和光学选择性。在氨基丙酸浓度为0.9 mol·L^-1,磷酸浓度0.69 mol·L^-1,催化剂用量为反应物的20%,反应温度95℃,压力4.0 MPa的反应条件下,RuPd原子比为3∶1时催化剂表现出最好的催化性能,L-氨基丙醇的收率达到99.7%,产品的光学选择性同样达到了99.7%,同时催化剂能循环使用20次,催化性能基本保持不变。     

The hydrogenation of acetylene on supported bimetallic Pt-Ir and Pt-Re catalysts

Hydrogenation of acetylene has been studied with a series of Pt-Re and Pt-Ir catalysts. The results supplied some information concerning the importance of the potential electronic structure (ligand) effect of alloying and on the effect of selfpoisoning.     

锆基双金属氧化物催化剂硫中毒的研究

在工业二氧化碳加氢制甲醇过程中,硫化氢气体的引入将对该过程中使用的催化剂活性及稳定性带来负面的影响。基于此,采用微反应合成法成功制备了InZrO_x和ZnZrO_x锆基催化剂,并研究了在二氧化碳加氢反应中,硫化氢气体对锆基催化剂的结构性质及其催化性能的影响规律。结果表明,在T=573 K、p=3.0 MPa和GHSV=18 000 mL/(g_cat·h)条件下,仅通入二氧化碳/氢气反应气时,InZrO_x和ZnZrO_x催化剂的二氧化碳转化率和甲醇选择性分别为7.2%、9.3%和93%、92%。在二氧化碳/氢气原料气中通入体积分数为5×10^-3硫化氢气体时,InZrO_x和ZnZrO_x催化剂的二氧化碳转化率和甲醇选择性都降为0,这主要是因为硫化氢气体占据了氧空位,导致锆基双金属氧化物催化剂硫中毒失活。当停止通硫化氢气体时,InZrO_x和ZnZrO_x催化剂的二氧化碳转化率和甲醇选择...     

采用JT-1G 型加氢催化剂优化制氢工艺

长岭炼油化工总厂20000Nm³/h 制氢装置通过采用JT-1G 型加氢催化剂, 反应器入口温度降至200℃, 停开干法脱硫循环机, 加氢后气体的质量指标达到后工序要求。不但降低了成本, 而且简化了工艺, 操作更方便, 并为制氢工艺进一步优化后, 停开制氢干法脱硫反应器奠定了基础。     

CO加氢合成低碳醇用CuCo/SiO2催化剂的反应性能研究

采用共浸渍法制备了CuCo/SiO₂双金属催化剂,以CO加氢合成低碳醇为模型反应考察了不同反应温度、压力和空速下催化剂的反应性能,并采用X射线（XRD）、热重分析(TG)和程序升温还原(TPR)技术对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,（533～563） K,随反应温度升高,CO 转化率从14.9%增加到40.4%,醇类的时空收率呈现先增大再减小的趋势, 553 K取得最优值;升高反应压力能显著提高醇类的选择性;（1 200 ~4 800） h^-1,随空速增加,CO 加氢活性降低,醇类产物的选择性显著增加, 使时空收率提高。〖JP2〗XRD结果表明,反应前催化剂主要成分为CuO、Co₃O₄和CuCo尖晶石物相,反应后则为Cu⁰和Co²⁺。TG和TPR结果表明,前驱体的适宜焙烧温度为623 K,催化剂的原位还原温度为593 K。     

非晶态Ni-B合金在催化苯丙酮酸胺化加氢反应中活性寿命的研究

通过化学还原法制备了非晶态Ni-B合金催化剂,考察了催化剂在苯丙酮酸胺化加氢制备苯丙氨酸反应中的活性寿命。结果表明,非晶态Ni-B合金催化剂表现出比传统催化剂如雷尼镍和漆原镍等更为优异的活性与寿命。Ni-B合金催化剂经过简单的过滤回收步骤,重复使用5次后,催化活性没有明显大幅度下降,而雷尼镍和漆原镍分别循环使用3次和2次后,催化活性显著降低。结合XRD、DSC和TEM等手段,针对新鲜和使用回收后的催化剂进行了表征,发现非晶态结构在苯丙酮酸加氢反应环境中没有出现明显晶化现象,而小尺寸纳米颗粒的团聚和部分镍的氧化可能是导致催化剂活性降低的主要原因     

Stability of Pt-Co bimetallic particles: effect of the support induced morphology on reactivity in CO hydrogenation

The structure and the stability of bimetallic particles are controlled by their interaction with surface oxide species on support or by support geometry. Location and size of the bimetallic particles estimated by XRD and XPS, depends on the environment and treatment. Thus, the Pt-Co bimetallic particles entrapped in NaY zeolite cages become unstable upon mild oxidation by O₂ and/or reaction with surface protons causing the Co²⁺ ions formed to migrate irreversibly from the supercages into the sodalite cages as determined by TPR and TPD. Differences in the selectivity pattern observed for the CO hydrogenation over alumina and NaY zeolite supported Pt-Co catalysts, can be interpreted by the interaction between bimetallic particles with surface cobalt oxide species and the zeolite cage wall, respectively.On leave from Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China.     

γ‐Alumina supported Cu‐Ni bimetallic catalysts: Characterization and selective hydrogenation of 1,3‐butadiene

Addition of a second metal often improves the selectivity of a supported catalyst for the hydrogenation of 1,3‐butadiene. Catalysts containing 15 wt% Ni and varying amounts of Cu were prepared and characterized by TPR, XRD and XPS. The Cu‐Ni interaction affects the reduction behavior of the catalysts. TPR result shows that the synergetic effect of copper and nickel modifies the capability of metal to combine with hydrogen in bulk phase. The Ni 2p spectra in XPS shows significant shifts toward lower binding energies with increasing copper loading. From XRD results it is represented that aggregation of nickel occurs more easily due to the copper addition. The adding of copper on Ni/Al₂O₃ makes the conversion rate decreased and increases the selectivity to 1‐butene.     

Selectivity controlling in the hydrogenation of 1,3-butadiene on Tl-modified Pd catalyst

The selectivity and reactivity in the hydrogenation of 1,3-butadiene catalyzed by Tl-modified 5 wt% Pd/Al₂O₃ catalysts vary with amounts of Tl loading and with the reduction temperatures, that is, the main product was 1-butene and trans-2-butene for values of Tl loading of 0.5 and 2 in Tl/Pd atomic ratio, respectively, when the catalysts were reduced at 673 K. 1,3-butadiene was hydrogenated selectively towards 1-butene and trans-2-butene when the Tl modified 5 wt% Pd/Al₂O₃ catalyst of Tl/Pd = 2 was reduced at 300 and 373 K or above, respectively. On the catalyst with Tl/Pd = 2 reduced at 373 K or above, the butenes formed are not hydrogenated to butane, even after a long reaction time. These results suggest the formation of Pd-Tl alloy or intermetallic compounds during the reduction procedure which is responsible for the selectivity controlling in the reaction. TPR and XRD results were in consistence with the reaction data.     

镍系SBS加氢反应机理及加氢催化剂制备研究

对镍系SBS催化加氢机理进行了探讨,对催化剂制备工艺进行了优化。当催化剂组分质量浓度为2～4 g/L,陈化温度为50～70℃,n(Al)/n(Ni)为3～6时催化剂活性最高。向待加氢胶液中加入一定量破杂剂A可使催化剂活性及稳定性有一定程度提高。用该法制备的催化剂有较好的稳定性,常温下放置一个月其催化活性几乎没有变化。     

Catalytic hydrogenation of nitrates in water over a bimetallic catalyst

Bimetallic (Pd/Cu) catalysts supported on alumina, which promote the liquid-phase hydrogenation of nitrates, were synthesized using catalytic reduction and consecutive impregnation and were characterized by TEM with EDX, XRD, TPR, BET, and AAS. The catalysts prepared by catalytic reduction have very small particle sizes that are unchanged even after reduction. The two metals are located near each other, as revealed in the EDX profile. Due to the close contact between Pd and Cu, Cu is stabilized in a low oxidation state. The active sites responsible for activity and selectivity in the reduction of nitrates are discussed. These catalysts show high activity for nitrate degradation and good selectivities to nitrogen.     

新型配体的NBR加氢催化体系

以含磷、氢、氧和硫元素的化合物为配体，分别与三氯化铑水合物形成配位催化剂，并以此对NBR进行加氢。结果表明：以含磷、氢、氮和硫元素的化合物为配体与铑金属离子的配位形成的催化剂对NBR加氢具有不同的活性；研制出用于NBR加氢的新型双配体催化剂（Rh－N－T），其加氢度可达96％以上，而且具有良好的空气稳定性。     

新型蒽醌加氢催化剂的制备及性能研究

以蒽醌法生产过氧化氢,采用齿轮球形氧化铝载体,通过载体硅改性和负载活性组分Pd,制备新型固定床蒽醌加氢催化剂EK-CL。与目前工业使用的催化剂相比,新型蒽醌加氢催化剂具有最可几孔径大、活性组分浸渍层薄、堆积密度低以及活性组分含量低的优点。在小试和中试装置上考察催化剂的催化性能,结果表明,催化剂表现出较好的活性及较低的氢化塔压力降,具有良好的工业应用前景。     

Selective hydrogenation of cyclopentadiene over supported metal catalysts

The selective hydrogenation of cyclopentadiene to cyclopentene has been studied in the liquid phase using Pd and Pd Me/Al₂O₃ bimetallic catalysts (Me = Mn, Ni, Co, W). The highest activity was obtained with Pd Co and Pd W/Al₂O₃. For these catalysts, no hydrogen or CO chemisorption was detected although Pd could be seen by XPS at 335·8 eV; it is considered that new species, more active for the selective hydrogenation of cyclopentadiene, appeared at the catalyst surface. The sulfur resistance towards thiophene has also been studied. It was observed that the highest sulfur resistance is coincident with the highest activity. XPS analysis shows that the poisoning species is thiophene adsorbed on the catalyst surface.     

碳二前加氢催化剂的应用

采用均匀设计方法,进行了碳二前加氢催化剂的制备,确定了催化剂的最佳配方和制备工艺。1000h工业侧线对比评价结果表明,自制催化剂活性稍低于市售催化剂,选择性高于市售催化剂,两种催化剂总体性能相当。X光电子能谱分析表明,自制催化剂钯银合金作用更为明显,X荧光光谱分析表明表面活性组分含量低于市售催化剂。     

新型劣质柴油加氢催化剂的制备及应用

以大孔、低堆积密度纳米自组装氧化铝为载体,通过共浸剂改性制备负载Mo-Ni双金属活性组分的纳米自组装MoNi-P柴油加氢催化剂。利用BET方法对催化剂的孔结构进行表征。并在固定床微型反应装置上,通过脱硫率的考察,确定最佳反应条件:压力为6.5 MPa,温度为370℃,空速为1.5 h-1,氢油比为700∶1。同时,对5种不同金属配比的Mo-Ni-P催化剂进行40 h的加氢性能评价。实验结果表明,Mo/Ni质量比为5∶1时,加氢效果较好,其平均脱硫、脱氮和芳烃饱和率分别为95.92%、97.84%和73.50%。     

新型碳三液相加氢催化剂工业侧线评价

以兰州石化24万吨乙烯车间裂解料为原料,模拟工业装置工况,LY-C3-A与对比催化剂1000 h活性和稳定性试验结果表明：在其它工艺相同条件下,LY-C3-A入口温度比对比剂低5～8℃、床层温升高2.3 ℃,LY-C3-A丙烯转化率优于对比剂4个百分点,且LY-C3-A催化剂丙烯选择性高于对比剂10个百分点。评价结果证明LY-C3-A综合性能优于对比剂且达到工业装置应用要求。