鼠李糖脂的发酵及其在清洗原油储罐中的应用

从被油类污染的土壤中得到一株分泌鼠李糖脂的铜绿假单胞菌P aeruginosa ZJU u1,利用烹饪废油为碳源,在摇瓶上对此菌株进行发酵培养,鼠李糖脂的产量在120 h后达到12.54 g/L.获得的发酵液可以使溶液表面张力降低到37×10-3 N/m,临界胶束浓度(CMC)为63.3 mg/L.实验结果表明,发酵液可提高罐底油泥的洗脱效果,提高储油罐罐底油泥中原油的回收率.     

假单胞菌O-2-2产鼠李糖脂的结构表征及理化性质

利用液相色谱/质谱联用仪分析了铜绿假单胞菌O-2-2以正十八烷为碳源所产鼠李糖脂生物表面活性剂的组成。共检出21种鼠李糖脂的同系物,都由1~2分子的鼠李糖和1~2个含β-羟基的碳链长度为8~12的饱和或不饱和脂肪酸构成;主要组分为α-L-吡喃鼠李糖苷-β-羟基癸酰-β-羟基癸酸和2-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖苷-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖苷-β-羟基癸酰-β-羟基癸酸。该糖脂类生物表面活性剂可将水的表面张力降至28·6mN/m,临界胶束浓度为1·3×10-4mol/L,在120℃加热4h或者在ρ(NaCl)=100g/L或ρ(CaCl2)=20g/L的盐溶液中仍能保持表面活性。     

假单胞菌AB93066产鼠李糖脂发酵条件的优化

通过单因素实验和正交实验对铜绿假单胞杆菌AB93066产鼠李糖脂(RL)的摇瓶发酵培养基配方和产生规律进行了研究。结果表明,最佳培养基配方为:ρ(酵母膏)=0.2 g/L,ρ(豆油)=120 g/L,ρ(NaNO3)=6.5 g/L,ρ(KH2PO4)=1.0 g/L,ρ(Na2HPO4.12H2O)=1.0 g/L,ρ(MgSO4.7H2O)=0.1 g/L,ρ(FeSO4.7H2O)=0.2 g/L,pH=6.0。RL的收获期在发酵后156~168 h最佳。发酵生产RL的扩大实验表明,在最优发酵条件下RL的产量可达56 g/L以上,提取后的RL可将去离子水的表面张力降至29.01 mN/m。用高效液相色谱/质谱联用仪进一步分析了所提取的RL的组成,它分别为二鼠李糖脂(R1)和单鼠李糖脂(R2)两种同系物。R1和R2的表观临界胶束浓度(CMC)分别为0.03 mmol/L和0.04 mmol/L。     

鼠李糖脂产量的提高及采油应用研究

对一株铜绿假单胞菌进行发酵条件优化,最优培养基为：菜籽油80 g/L、NaNO₃ 6 g/L、Na₂HPO₄·12H₂O 3 g/L、KH₂PO₄ 1.5 g/L、MgSO₄ 0.36 g/L、FeSO₄·7H₂O 0.2 g/L、CaCl₂ 0.12 g/L;最适培养条件为：温度37℃,装液量40 mL/250 mL,发酵时间168 h。在最优条件下,鼠李糖脂平均产量可达57.83 g/L,表面张力降到27.89 mN/m。鼠李糖脂在相对苛刻的温度、盐度、pH环境中具有较强的稳定性。在物理模拟驱油实验中,用发酵液进行实验,添加具有增黏性质的生物聚合物黄原胶辅助,建立了一种新的生物驱油体系。5%鼠李糖脂发酵液的生物复合体系采收率可达17.4%,表明其在微生物采油领域有着较大的应用前景。     

微生物合成鼠李糖脂生物表面活性剂的研究进展

微生物合成的鼠李糖脂是一类重要的生物表面活性剂,具有易被生物降解、表面活性良好等优点,应用前景广阔。目前用于发酵合成鼠李糖脂的菌株主要为假单胞菌属。综述了产鼠李糖脂菌株的发现与筛选、鼠李糖脂的生物合成途径与代谢调控关系、鼠李糖脂发酵过程的优化与控制、高产鼠李糖脂工程菌株的构建等方面的研究进展,并对其研究趋势进行了展望。     

利用废弃碳资源生产鼠李糖脂的研究进展

鼠李糖脂是微生物合成的一类糖脂类生物表面活性剂,具有优异的表面活性、理化性质和广阔的应用前景。铜绿假单胞菌是鼠李糖脂生产的主要发酵菌株,能够以多种水溶性碳源或疏水性碳源为底物发酵生产鼠李糖脂。当前,废弃碳资源导致的浪费和污染问题日益严峻,基于鼠李糖脂的特性与生产菌株的底物偏好性,以废弃碳资源为原料生产鼠李糖脂具有很大的发展潜力。本文分别介绍以废油脂(含油废水、食品加工废油和餐厨废油)、含糖废弃物(含糖的食品加工副产物、含糖果蔬废弃物和木质纤维)和废塑料等高聚废弃物为原料合成鼠李糖脂的研究进展,重点总结了不同底物和生产菌株对鼠李糖脂生产的影响。通过分析废弃碳资源当前利用现状,发现繁多的种类、较低的分类程度和难降解的组分是限制以废弃碳资源作为底物生产鼠李糖脂进一步发展的主要因素,并提出以废弃碳资源生产鼠李糖脂的未来发展方向。     

鼠李糖脂在石油工业中的应用研究进展

鼠李糖脂是一种具有良好乳化作用、增溶作用以及可降低界面张力的生物表面活性剂。介绍了鼠李糖脂的结构及生产方法,综述了鼠李糖脂在石油工业中应用的研究进展,探讨了目前的研究热点及存在的问题,展望了鼠李糖脂今后的发展方向。     

鼠李糖脂在土壤污染修复中的应用研究进展

介绍了生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂在土壤重金属污染的修复作用及对土壤中原油、多氯联苯、多环芳烃等污染物的降解作用,并且廉价、无毒、可生物降解,具有广阔的应用前景。     

假单胞菌O-2-2利用油脂废水生产鼠李糖脂研究

通过摇瓶培养试验,研究了铜绿假单胞菌O-2-2以植物油精炼废水为原料生产鼠李糖脂生物表面活性剂的适宜条件.结果表明以NaNO3为氮源,碳氮比为15,培养基初始pH值为7.5,32℃,250 r/min培养84 h,鼠李糖脂产量最高,达2.14g/L.液-质联用分析结果表明所提取的糖脂由11种同系物组成,都含有1～2个的鼠李糖和1～2个含β-羟基的碳链长度为8～12的饱和或不饱和脂肪酸.该糖脂生物表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度为69.5 mg/L,可将水的表面张力降至29.2 mN/m,并具有良好的耐温耐盐性.     

鼠李糖脂及其前体的生物合成与应用

鼠李糖脂生物表面活性剂是由铜绿假单胞菌分泌的含有鼠李糖结构的脂类胞外物,由于其具有良好的表面活性,日益受到各个领域的广泛研究。本文综述了鼠李糖脂各个前体的生物合成途径及鼠李糖脂在诸多领域的应用,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

Rice husk ash as an adsorbent for purifying biodiesel from waste frying oil

The goal of this work is to study the purification of biodiesel from waste frying oil (WFO) using rice husk ash (RHA) at concentrations of 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% (w/w) and compare it with two other different purification methods, the traditional acid solution (1% aqueous H₃PO₄) and with the commercial adsorbent Magnesol® 1% (w/w). The structure and composition of the RHA were studied to better understand its properties as an adsorbent. In a concentration of 4%, the RHA showed excellent results for removal impurities from biodiesel. The high concentration of silica in its composition and the presence of meso and macropores can explain its high capacity of adsorption. Thus, the RHA, that is a byproduct of the rice processing, can appear as an alternative material for biodiesel purification.     

Statistical optimization for biodiesel production from waste frying oil through two-step catalyzed process

The aim of this work was to investigate the optimum conditions in biodiesel production from waste frying oil using two-step catalyzed process. In the first step, sulfuric acid was used as a catalyst for the esterification reaction of free fatty acid and methanol in order to reduce the free fatty acid content to be approximate 0.5%. In the second step, the product from the first step was further reacted with methanol using potassium hydroxide as a catalyst. The Box-Behnken design of experiment was carried out using the MINITAB RELEASE 14, and the results were analyzed using response surface methodology. The optimum conditions for biodiesel production were obtained when using methanol to oil molar ratio of 6.1:1, 0.68 wt.% of sulfuric acid, at 51 °C with a reaction time of 60 min in the first step, followed by using molar ratio of methanol to product from the first step of 9.1:1, 1 wt.% KOH, at 55 °C with a reaction time of 60 min in the second step. The percentage of methyl ester in the obtained product was 90.56 ± 0.28%. In addition, the fuel properties of the produced biodiesel were in the acceptable ranges according to Thai standard for community biodiesel.     

济钢冷轧厂轧机油垢的清洗

分析冷轧厂轧机油垢的成分、形成过程,对其清洗技术进行讨论,通过实验确定了新的清洗剂配方.在选定的操作条件下,使用该清洗剂清洗油垢,达到了预期的清洗目的.     

Small scale biodiesel synthesis from waste frying oil and crude methanol in Morocco

Biodiesel was produced at small scale by transesterification of used frying oil(UFO) recovered from Moroccan pastry shops and fish frying restaurants. Biodiesel was first synthesised at laboratory scale in order to optimize the transesterification parameters. The cost of the final product was also optimized using low-cost raw materials.The UFO and the produced biodiesel were characterized with several techniques including gas chromatography,1H NMR,13 C NMR, FTIR, and TGA–TDA techniques.1H NMR gas chromatographic analyses of the final product confirmed that the transesterification in the chosen experimental conditions was completed. These results were confirmed by TGA–TDA analysis used as new techniques to monitoring triglyceride conversion. The biodiesel did not contain any trace of glycerol, and it did meet the international standards. The transesterification at low cost in small scale conditions was performed at 60 °C using 1.2% of KOH and a methanol/oil molar ratio of 6:1. A yield of 80.8% was achieved. The properties of the produced biodiesel were found to be as good as those of biodiesels obeying to European standards. The biodiesel production was also performed at small-scale for individual utilisation. Thus, the product was tested in a kerosene stove for heating and non-modified commercial diesel engine producing electricity.     

Effect of methanol content on enzymatic production of biodiesel from waste frying oil

The enzymatic production of biodiesel from waste frying oil with methanol has been studied using immobilized lipase Novozym 435 as catalyst. The effects of methanol to oil molar ratio, dosage of enzyme and reaction time were investigated. The optimum reaction conditions were methanol to oil molar ratio of 25:1, 10% of Novozym 435 based on oil weight and reaction period of 4 h at 50 °C obtaining a biodiesel yield of 89.1%. Moreover, the reusability of the lipase over repeated cycles was also investigated under standard conditions.     

The addition of ethanol as defoamer in fermentation of rhamnolipids

BACKGROUND: Rhamnolipids biosurfactants mainly produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa have a wide range of potential applications. However, production of rhamnolipids on a large scale is constrained by severe foaming in fermentation. This study addressed the applicability of organic solvents as both defoamer and carbon substrate in rhamnolipids fermentation. RESULTS: In this work, although isopropanol and n‐butanol performed better defoaming activities against rhamnolipid‐induced foams, ethanol was focused on as a potential defoamer due to its high bioavailability and low toxicity in a shaking culture of P. aeruginosa ZJU. The most appropriate dose of ethanol addition was determined to be 1% (v/v) and the best time for addition was after 48 h of culture in shaking flasks. The capability of ethanol to control foaming was further illustrated during rhamnolipids fermentation in 2 L and 50 L bioreactors. In both fermentations, the addition of ethanol not only suppressed severe foaming but also supported cell growth. CONCLUSIONS: The use of ethanol as a defoamer is a potential strategy to avoid undesirable foam in fermentation of biosurfactant. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

On the use of waste frying oil in the synthesis of sophorolipids

Sophorolipids are surface‐active agents which are synthesised by the yeast Candida bombicola. Here we present the possibility of reducing the economical and ecological cost of producing sophorolipids by using waste frying oil as a substrate for C. bombicola. A comparison is made between two grades of biodiesel, waste frying oil and the methyl ester of coco/palm oil as lipophilic substrates on a shakeflask level. Cultivations in a bioreactor using waste frying oil as a substrate were carried out. A new strategy for product recovery without the use of organic solvent is also proposed. The work presented here investigates whether it is possible to produce sophorolipids on waste frying oil and recover the product without using organic solvents.     

Shape memory epoxy vitrimers based on waste frying sunflower oil

Thermoset polyesters are prepared from epoxidized waste frying sunflower oil (ESO), commercially available epoxy compounds and glutaric acid. Influence of the nature and concentration of bi- and trifunctionnal epoxy compounds on mechanical properties is studied. Static and dynamic mechanical tests are performed. The molar amount of commercial epoxy compounds used ranges from 20% to 80% regarding the molar amount of ESO. It enables to obtain thermosetting polyesters with glass transition temperatures ranging from 6°C to 102°C, as well as storage modulus ranging from 8 GPa to 14 GPa. 40% of trifunctional epoxy compound and 60% of commercial epoxy compound are found to be the best compromises between bio-based content and mechanical properties. Furthermore, shape memory and vitrimer behavior of those epoxy-acid based networks with 60% of commercial epoxy compounds are evaluated both qualitatively and quantitatively by cyclic thermo-mechanical and stress relaxation tests. Excellent shape memory behavior with fixity ratios above 94% and recovery ratios above 98% is demonstrated. A transesterification catalyst is needed to obtain good vitrimer behavior. Overall, thanks to the previously mentioned properties of those partially biobased thermosets polyesters, industrial applications such as protective coatings, foams and temperature-memory polymer actuators might be considered.     

Nature of palm oil in centrifuge sludge waste water

In attempting to improve oil recovery, palm oil retained in the centrifuge sludge waste has been categorized and quantified. It is composed of (i) 30% free oil droplets; (ii) 56% oil released after cellulase treatment followed by detergent washing, and (iii) 14% residual oil which remains diffused and bound to the cell debris. The fatty acid composition indicates that all three oils are palm oil. The separated oil is highly contaminated.     

化学清洗废液的处理

介绍了化学清洗废液的快速处理方法，适合现场操作，通过对废液的处理达到了排放要求