Composite disturbance rejection control based on generalized extended state observer

Traditional extended state observer (ESO) design method does not focus on analysis of system reconstruction strategy. The prior information of the controlled system cannot be used for ESO implementation to improve the control accuracy. In this paper, composite disturbance rejection control strategy is proposed based on generalized ESO. First, the disturbance rejection performance of traditional ESO is analyzed to show the essence of the reconstruction strategy. Then, the system is reconstructed based on the equivalent disturbance model. The generalized ESO is proposed based on the reconstructed model, while convergence of the proposed ESO is analyzed along with the outer loop feedback controller. Simulation results on a second order mechanical system show that the proposed generalized ESO can deal with the external disturbance with known model successfully. Experiment of attitude tracking task on an aircraft is also carried out to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Robust partial integrated guidance and control for missiles via extended state observer

A novel extended state observer (ESO) based control is proposed for a class of nonlinear systems subject to multiple uncertainties, and then applied to partial integrated guidance and control (PIGC) design for a missile. The proposed control strategy incorporates both an ESO and an adaptive sliding mode control law. The multiple uncertainties are treated as an extended state of the plant, and then estimate them using the ESO and compensate for them in the control action, in real time. Based on the output of the ESO, the resulting adaptive sliding mode control law is inherently continuous and differentiable. Strict proof is given to show that the estimation error of the ESO can be arbitrarily small in a finite time. In addition, the adaptive sliding mode control law can achieve finite time convergence to a neighborhood of the origin, and the accurate expression of the convergent region is given. Finally, simulations are conducted on the planar missile–target engagement geometry. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy in enhanced interception performance and improved robustness against multiple uncertainties are demonstrated.     

Robust disturbance rejection control of a biped robotic system using high-order extended state observer

This study addressed the problem of robust control of a biped robot based on disturbance estimation. Active disturbance rejection control was the paradigm used for controlling the biped robot by direct active estimation. A robust controller was developed to implement disturbance cancelation based on a linear extended state observer of high gain class. A robust high-gain scheme was proposed for developing a state estimator of the biped robot despite poor knowledge of the plant and the presence of uncertainties. The estimated states provided by the state estimator were used to implement a feedback controller that was effective in actively rejecting the perturbations as well as forcing the trajectory tracking error to within a small vicinity of the origin. The theoretical convergence of the tracking error was proven using the Lyapunov theory. The controller was implemented by numerical simulations that showed the convergence of the tracking error. A comparison with a high-order sliding-mode-observer-based controller confirmed the superior performance of the controller using the robust observer introduced in this study. Finally, the proposed controller was implemented on an actual biped robot using an embedded hardware-in-the-loop strategy.     

Gain-scheduled predictive extended state observer for time-varying delays systems with mismatched disturbances

In this paper, a novel control scheme for systems with input and output time-varying delays is provided in discrete-time domain. The control strategy combines predictor-like techniques with a delay-dependent gain-scheduled extended state observer. The main goal is twofold: (i) to minimize the negative effect of time-varying delays in the closed-loop performance and, (ii) to actively compensate the effect of mismatched disturbances in the controlled output. Moreover, a sufficient condition based on Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMI) is provided to obtain the maximum delay interval that ensures the stability of the closed-loop system. Finally, the achieved benefits of the proposal are shown by simulation in open-loop unstable plants, and experimentally validated in a test-bed quadrotor platform.     

基于扩张状态观测器的故障诊断方法研究

在分析现有基于观测器故障诊断方法的基础上,提出基于扩张状态观测器(ESO)故障诊断新方法.该方法利用ESO估计出系统的动态特性,完成对动态系统的故障检测与识别,同时,由于ESO只依赖于系统的输入参数b.和观测器的整定参数ω,因而具有很强的鲁棒性.最后,借助于三水箱非线性动态系统验证了算法的有效性.     

Anti-disturbance backstepping control for air-breathing hypersonic vehicles based on extended state observer

In this paper, we propose an anti-disturbance backstepping control approach with extended state observer (ESO) for tracking control of air-breathing hypersonic vehicles. Considering the large uncertainties, the external disturbances, and especially the lack of aerodynamic knowledge, several ESOs are introduced in the backstepping controller. With the total disturbance estimation ability of ESOs, almost no aerodynamic knowledge is needed for the controller design. Meanwhile, ESOs are also used to estimate the derivatives of the virtual control signals. The problem of “explosion of terms” is avoided. A key strategy of the controller is that each step of backstepping is activated successively. Consequently, the closed-loop system has time-scale structure. Rigorous stability proof can be obtained. At last, compared simulation results verify the superior tracking performance of the proposed controller.     

Disturbance observer based hierarchical control of coaxial-rotor UAV

This paper propose an hierarchical controller based on a new disturbance observer with finite time convergence (FTDO) to solve the path tracking of a small coaxial-rotor-typs Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) despite of unknown aerodynamic efforts. The hierarchical control technique is used to separate the flight control problem into an inner loop that controls attitude and an outer loop that controls the thrust force acting on the vehicle. The new disturbance observer with finite time convergence is intergated to online estimate the unknown uncertainties and disturbances and to actively compensate them in finite time.The analysis further extends to the design of a control law that takes the disturbance estimation procedure into account. Numerical simulations are carried out to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed control strategy.     

Sliding mode control for a two-joint coupling nonlinear system based on extended state observer

A two-joint coupling nonlinear system driven by pneumatic artificial muscles is introduced in this paper. A sliding mode controller with extended state observer is proposed to cope with nonlinearities and disturbances for the two-joint coupling nonlinear system. In addition, convergence of the extended state observer is presented and stability analysis of the closed-loop system is also demonstrated with the sliding mode controller. Lastly, some experiments are carried out to show the reality effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Extended state observer based control for generic hypersonic vehicles with nonaffine-in-control character

This paper investigates the flight control problem of generic hypersonic vehicles subject to nonaffine-in-control character. Considering the large uncertainties and external disturbance, the disturbance observer based control strategy is incorporated in the control scheme. Firstly, an extended state observer is used to estimate the system states and the total disturbance. Then, based on the output of the extended state observer, we follow the backstepping design procedure. The dynamic inversion method is involved in the last step of backstepping to solve the nonaffine-in-control problem. The proposed control scheme ensures that the hypersonic vehicle tracks the command signal with almost no aerodynamic knowledge. Rigorous stability proof is given based on the separated time-scale structure of the extended state observer and the dynamic inversion method. At last, numerical simulations are presented in different conditions to demonstrate the effectiveness and good tracking performance of the proposed control scheme.     

基于改进扩展状态观测器的四旋翼无人机轨迹鲁棒跟踪控制

针对四旋翼无人机在轨迹跟踪过程中会受到内外部扰动、模型误差等不确定性因素的影响,本文提出了一种基于改进型扩展状态观测器的积分滑模控制方案。具体来讲,首先,将四旋翼无人机系统存在的模型误差以及内外部扰动等不确定性因素视作集总干扰,通过借鉴的改进扩展状态观测器对其进行观测;进而,在此基础上,进一步考虑四旋翼无人机系统控制的连续性,基于四旋翼无人机轨迹误差、速度误差、姿态角误差和姿态角速度误差设计积分滑模控制器,分析了系统的稳定性并分别进行了数值仿真和实机实验。结果表明,采用本文算法时,在数值仿真中,各状态跟踪误差不超过1%,跟踪精度最高;在实机实验中,位置跟踪误差总体上能控制在20%以下。因此,本文方法具备有效性和可行性。     

一种二阶系统最优Q滤波器DOB设计方法研究

对一种新的系统化的最优Q滤波器干扰观测器(Disturbance Observer DOB)的参数设计方法进行研究,它用来校正二阶系统的外界干扰输入和一定范围内的系统不确定性.基于控制系统结构的变形、Q滤波器特性的分析和综合、最优参数和偏好参数的选取以及超前补偿器的设计,这种方法可以直接设计出一组相对于干扰-输出传递函数特性的最接近理论最优解的实际最优控制器参数.应用这种最优Q滤波器DOB,对于系统不确定性的适应和对外界干扰的抑制的要求都能很好的满足,并且通过系统仿真更验证了这一设计方法.     

Extended state observer based output control for spacecraft rendezvous and docking with actuator saturation

This paper investigates the relative position tracking and attitude synchronization problem of a chaser spacecraft rendezvous and docking with an uncontrolled tumbling target in the presence of external disturbances and actuator saturation. By combining the extended state observer technique with backstepping control methodology, a robust output-feedback control strategy with no precise motion information of the tumbling target is proposed. Moreover, a particular Nussbaum-type function is introduced to compensate for the nonlinear terms arising for actuator saturation. Within the Lyapunov framework, it is then shown that the proposed control strategy can guarantee the relative position and attitude errors converge into small regions containing the origin. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the designed control strategy.     

Enhanced extended state observer-based control for systems with mismatched uncertainties and disturbances

This paper presents an enhanced Extended State Observer (ESO)-based control strategy to deal with the disturbance attenuation problem for a class of non integral-chain systems subject to non-linear mismatched uncertainties and external disturbances. The proposed control strategy does not assume the integral-chain form and it is formed by a state-feedback plus a dynamic disturbance compensation term, which is designed to reject the disturbance effect in the system output. From a theoretical point of view, the proposed strategy is reduced to the conventional ESO when the integral chain form and the matched condition hold. In this sense, this paper is presented as an extension of the ESO principles to cover a wider class of systems. The theoretical results show that the internal zero-dynamics plays an important role in ESO-based control design. Also, the closed-loop stability is analyzed and some numerical simulations show the effectiveness of the proposal in comparison with previous ESO-based techniques.     

基于状态观测器的球形机器人状态反馈控制系统设计

基于能量耗散形式下的拉格朗日方程,建立了基于状态观测器的球形机器人的动力学方程,得出这是一个非线性的仿射系统。根据机器人的实际运动情况和理论仿真曲线对方程进行了线性化处理和仿射变换,在新建立的平衡点处应用线性理论进行控制系统的设计。考虑到某些状态变量的不可测量性,构建了状态观测器对系统的全维状态进行实时观测,在此基础上设计了系统的状态反馈控制器。仿真结果表明了所设计控制器的有效性。     

基于扩张状态观测器的炮控系统串联滑模控制

针对坦克炮控系统中存在齿圈间隙、摩擦力矩和参数漂移等多种非线性因素造成系统驱动延时、换向振荡和低速“爬行”等问题,设计了一种基于扩张状态观测器(ESO)的炮控系统串联滑模控制器.首先,利用系统内部可测信息,将炮控系统分解为n个串联的一阶子系统;然后,引入ESO估计各子系统的不确定性.在此基础上,基于backsteppi...     

基于滑模和扩张状态观测器的双绕组无轴承磁通 切换电机转子悬浮控制策略研究

双绕组无轴承磁通切换电机是非线性多变量的复杂对象,传统的转速PI与径向位移PI控制存在超调大,系统易受外界扰动影响等缺点。基于滑模变结构控制思想,提出一种转子径向位移滑模控制策略。针对滑模控制中存在建模不准确,以及转子动力学模型中存在陀螺效应等问题,通过建立一种扩张状态观测器对系统扰动进行观测,并在滑模控制基础上加入扰动前馈补偿,设计出一种径向位移滑模控制与扩张状态观测器的复合控制策略。实验结果表明,所提径向位移滑模控制相比传统PI控制具有响应速度快、径向位移脉动小、抗负载扰动性强等优点。所提径向位移滑模与扩张状态观测器的复合控制策略,相比于径向位移滑模控制可有效减小转子径向位移脉动约30%,进一步增强了系统的鲁棒性。     

Adaptive extended state space predictive control for a kind of nonlinear systems

This paper presents an adaptive nonlinear predictive control design strategy for a kind of nonlinear systems with output feedback coupling and results in the improvement of regulatory capacity for reference tracking, robustness and disturbance rejection. The nonlinear system is first transformed into an equal time-variant system by analyzing the nonlinear part. Then an extended state space predictive controller with a similar structure of a PI optimal regulator and with P-step setpoint feedforward control is designed. Because changes of the system state variables are considered in the objective function, the control performance is superior to conventional state space predictive control designs which only consider the predicted output errors. The proposed method is tested and compared with latest methods in literature. Tracking performance, robustness and disturbance rejection are improved.     

Modified reduced order observer based linear active disturbance rejection control for TITO systems

This paper proposes an observer based control approach for two input and two output (TITO) plant affected by the lumped disturbance which includes the undesirable effect of cross couplings, parametric uncertainties, and external disturbances. A modified reduced order extended state observer (ESO) based active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) is designed to estimate the lumped disturbance actively as an extended state and compensate its effect by adding it to the control. The decoupled mechanism has been used to determine the controller parameters, while the proposed control technique is applied to the TITO coupled plant without using decoupler to show its efficacy. Simulation results show that the proposed design is efficiently able to nullify the interactions within the loops in the multivariable process with better transient performance as compared to the existing proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control methods. An experimental application of two tanks multivariable level control system is investigated to present the validity of proposed scheme.