油基水泥浆水化程度及强度变化规律

使用油基水泥浆堵水是油田开发中后期控水稳油的一项重要方法,但油基水泥浆水化过程以及作用机理的研究很少。研究了油基水泥浆在不同水浆质量比下的强度发展,并通过水泥石试样氢氧化钙含量分析研究了油基水泥浆水化过程。研究结果表明:水浆质量比为0 2的油基水泥浆,其早期强度在53℃和83℃2种温度条件下均出现峰值;水浆质量比为0 1和0 3的油基水泥浆在53℃下后期强度发展有加速趋势,接近和超过了水浆质量比为0 2的油基水泥浆,83℃下油基水泥浆水化后强度比53℃下高,后期强度发展平稳。分析了温度、盐浓度对水泥浆水化程度和水泥石强度的影响。并通过氢氧化钙含量分析了油基水泥浆水化程度。     

Cr对水泥熟料矿物生成及水泥早期水化产物形成影响的研究

用化学试剂Cr(NO3)3代替工业废物中的Cr,对含Cr水泥熟料的矿物生成及水化进行了研究。研究结果表明,Cr可以提高熟料相中C2S的含量,在水泥水化初期促进了钙矾石的增长,同时有新的水化产物结晶相生成。     

Effect of treatment temperature on the early hydration characteristics of superplasticized silica fume blended cement pastes

In this investigation, two mixes were used: ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and a blended cement prepared with the partial substitution of OPC by 10 mass% silica fume (SF). The setting and hardening characteristics were monitored by the aid of electrical conductivity as a function of curing time. The shear stress and electrical conductivity were studied at different temperatures, namely, 20, 35, 45 and 55 °C. As the temperature increases, the shear stresses decrease with the increase of shear rate. The height of electrical conductivity peaks of superplasticized cement pastes increases due to the increase of the paste fluidity. In the presence of 1.0% polycarboxylate (PC), the electrical conductivity of cement pastes decreases from 1 to 28 days. PC retards the hydration of cement pastes. The presence of PC extended the setting times of cement pastes at 35 °C than at 20 °C due to the increase in the adsorption capacity at this temperature. PC extends the dormant stage of the hydration process and delays the onset of the accelerating stage, without affecting its rate.     

关于负温下水泥强度发展的研究

水泥在常温下可以正常水化,但在负温下水化及强度的发展都受到了一定的抑制。实验研究了水泥在负温环境下的强度发展规律,结果表明:在恒负温环境下养护时间的延长对水泥后期强度的增加有一定影响但意义不大;自然变负温环境下养护时间对水泥后期强度发展的影响具有重要意义,后期强度基本可以达到标准水平。     

Microstructural development of early age hydration shells around cement grains

An important microstructural aspect of the early hydration of Portland cement (PC) is the formation of a shell of hydration products around cement grains. There is, at present, limited information on the mechanism of formation of the shell and of the chemistry of the phases that constitute the shells. Through the use of STEM imaging of early age hydrated cement pastes as early as 2 h, the present work shows that the shells correspond to the first C-S-H type product formed which has a distinct morphology compared to C-S-H formed later when the main reaction occurs (nucleation and growth stage at setting time). The shells form only around the silicate part of the grain and are not empty but filled with a fragile fibrous C-S-H which appears to have a lower (packing) density than the rest of the hydration products. The cement grains underneath the shells are seen to react unevenly and the hydration seems to follow a reaction front, leaving striations up to 1 µm deep on the grains. Over the long term, the original fragile product seems to densify and gives rise to the usual inner C-S-H. High resolution EDS chemical analysis and mappings were used to get insight into the chemistry associated with the formation of these early age products. The C/S ratio of all C-S-H (inner and outer shell) is the same (within the limits of the analysis accuracy) and evolves insignificantly over the first 24 h of hydration. High concentrations of sulfate are associated with the C-S-H formed during the early development of the microstructure, but these decrease later, the sulfate being mainly incorporated into ettringite.     

醇胺类助磨剂对硅酸盐水泥水化及胶砂强度影响的研究

研究了C和D两种醇胺类助磨剂对硅酸盐水泥水化过程及胶砂强度的影响。化学结合水、水化热分析、综合热分析及XRD结果表明,C加快了水泥3d水化放热和28d水化速度及水化放热,促进了铁铝酸盐矿物的水化;D加快了水泥3d水化速度和水化放热：C、D复合加快了水泥3d和28d的水化,且复合作用优于两者的叠加效应。胶砂强度结果表明,C对水泥28d胶砂抗压强度提高幅度显著;D的加入有利于提高水泥3d胶砂抗压强度;C和D复合对28d抗压强度的增幅远高于两者的叠加效应。     

水泥水化热对混凝土早期开裂的影响

对于预拌混凝土应用过程出现的早期开裂现象，有些混凝土专家归因于水泥比表面积太大和早期强度太高；而水泥界则认为，我国目前水泥的比表面积和早期强度并不比国外的高，混凝土的早期开裂主要是混凝土施工和养护不当所致。笔者认为，必须通过混凝土生产者和水泥生产商沟通，对早期裂缝的成因达成共识，在水泥生产、混凝土配制及施工养护等环节共同采取措施加以解决。“高强早强、高比表面积”及“水泥磨得太细”，这些都是表面现象，其本质是早期水化热太高及混凝土温度应力大的缘故。     

磷酸镁水泥性能试验研究

采用过烧镁砂与磷酸镁二氢钾为主要原料,按照一定配比制备出可工业化生产的磷酸镁水泥。研究了磷酸镁水泥的凝结硬化时间、不同龄期的强度、干缩率、耐腐蚀性及粉煤灰对其性能的改性,并采用X射线衍射分析和扫描电镜等手段对其水化产物进行了分析。研究结果表明,磷酸镁水泥凝结时间受水灰比、成型温度影响较大,早期强度发展迅速,干缩率较小,耐腐蚀性好,掺加适量的粉煤灰可有效地提高其后期强度。该体系水化产物主要是六水磷酸镁钾晶体和一些无定形物质。     

Effect of pressure on early hydration of class H and white cement

The change in viscosity of cement slurry with temperature and pressure can be predicted by assuming that hydration can be treated as an activated process and that a given viscosity corresponds to a fixed degree of reaction. For Class H and White cements, chemical shrinkage experiments indicate that the activation energy is 33.8 kJ/mole and rheological measurements yield an activation volume of −30 cm³/mole. With these parameters, it is possible to predict the limit of pumpability of the slurry (which corresponds to a viscosity of about 2.5 Pa s) for arbitrary temperature and pressure cycles. This method of prediction requires that the physics of the process remain the same, but simply change in rate; therefore, the range of applicability is expected to be limited to temperatures below about 100 °C, since new phases occur at higher temperatures.     

A note on early hydration of cement

In this note it is shown that the hydration of portland cement and of blastfurnace slag cement can be traced using the flotation of cement from mortars and concretes. The various stages of the hydration reaction, i.e. initiation, induction period, formation of an initial gel structure and the final hardening process can be detected clearly.     

Effect of alcohol leachable chloride on strength of magnesium oxychloride cement

The major crystalline phases in magnesium oxychloride cement (MOC) have been extensively studied, but the other phases have not been studied due to the difficulty in identifying them. In the current study, we focused on the effect of chlorine-containing phases other than crystalline oxychlorides on the strength of cured MOC materials. The alcohol leachable chloride (ALC) was proposed to characterize the other phases containing chlorine, and the absolute ethanol leaching test was developed to determine ACL content in a cured MOC paste. The results showed that either decreasing MgO/MgCl₂ molar ratio or increasing H₂O/MgCl₂ molar ratio led to an increase in ALC content in cured MOC slurry, but adding a small amount of phosphoric acid resulted in very little or almost no ALC in the modified MOC slurry. In addition, increasing ALC content has been shown to significantly reduce the compressive strength of hardened MOC pastes. Thus, the modified MOC pastes had high strength, compared with the corresponding common MOC pastes. According to the experimental results, the relationship between the ALC content and the compressive strength of cured MOC materials was established. Therefore, a low ALC content was proposed as a characteristic index of high-quality MOC materials.     

磷渣水泥水化产物研究

结合XRD、SEM等微观测试手段,从磷渣粉磨特性出发,实验研究了磷渣细度、磷渣掺量等因素对中热硅酸盐水泥凝结硬化性能及水化产物的影响,测定了磷渣水泥胶砂的力学性能,并分析了其变化规律。     

Effect of polysaccharides on the hydration of cement paste at early ages

This work deals with the relative efficiency of polysaccharides and their influence on cement hydration. Several parameters such as the structure, concentration, average molecular weight, and soluble fraction value of polysaccharides were examined. Cement hydration was monitored by isothermal calorimetry, thermogravimetry (TGA), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Results clearly show that retardation increases with higher polysaccharide-to-cement weight ratio (P/C). Low-molecular-weight starch showed enhanced retarding effect on the hydration of cement. The retardation effect of polysaccharides is also dependent on the composition of cement.     

Effect of polymer latexes with varied glass transition temperature on cement hydration

Influence of styrene‐acrylate latexes with varied glass transition temperature (T_g) on cement hydration was studied and the mechanism was analyzed. Results show that polymer latexes with varied T_g retard cement hydration to different extents. Specifically, low T_g polymer shows stronger retardation effect than the high T_g polymer. Despite similar surface charges, colloidal particles with lower T_g exhibit higher affinity to surface of cement grains than the high T_g polymer, indicated by the higher adsorption amount and denser covering layer. The low T_g polymer experiences particle packing, deforming, and film forming processes along with the consumption of water during cement hydration, which eventually produces a covering layer of polymer surrounding cement grains. However, for the high T_g polymer, film forming process is absent. Consequently, the higher adsorption amount and the film‐formation process along with cement hydration are the two reasons for the stronger retardation effect of the low T_g polymer. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 45264.     

Cementing mechanism of potassium phosphate based magnesium phosphate cement

Magnesium phosphate cements (MPCs) are materials that belong to chemically bonded ceramic materials. They have a wide range of potential applications, due to their superior performance. In this paper, the reaction products and cementing mechanism of magnesium phosphate bonded cement based on the dead burned magnesia and the mono-potassium phosphate (MPP) are investigated. Fine powder and grains of dead burned magnesia were used to prepare pure cement paste and bonding cluster samples, respectively. The cement reaction products and their micro-morphology in the both different samples are examined. The microstructure of specimens is analyzed by SEM, TEM, XDR, and optical microscopy. Struvite of potassium (MgKPO₄·6H₂O) is observed in the reaction products. According to the analysis, it is found that struvite exists in both crystalline and amorphous form. There is also residual magnesia in the hardened cement paste. By means of microscopy observation, it can be seen that reaction products form around the unreacted magnesia and can develop into a continuum structure, which further produces the hardened paste. Struvite can grow up to form the more perfect crystal in a long term curing age, if large enough space is available during the hydration process.     

粉磨方式对硅酸盐水泥颗粒和早期水化行为的影响

采用同一批熟料,通过辊压机终粉磨、辊压机—球磨机联合粉磨和实验室球磨三种粉磨方式粉磨。试验发现,在细度相同时,不同粉磨方式制成的水泥颗粒特性具有较大的差异。水泥颗粒形状、形貌对水泥的早期水化行为(如:标准稠度、凝结时间、流动度和水化热)影响较大,但1d的水化总放热量却相差不大。     

Pore size distribution of portland cement slurries at very early stages of hydration (influence of curing temperature and pressure)

Pore size distribution of Portland cement pastes has been studied using helium picnometry and mercury porosimetry. Cement samples were hydrated under varying conditions of temperature and pressure and were investigated at very early stages of hydration : thickening, setting, and early hardening. The evolution of pore size distribution with time has been related to physical and chemical properties (compressive strength, shrinkage, and combined water). The interpretation has been based on the repartition between free pores of tubular shape and trapped pores of rounded shape, and a model is proposed for describing cement pore size distribution.     

温度对高钙粉煤灰水泥基材料水化性能的影响

主要研究了高钙粉煤灰及由其配制的高钙粉煤灰水泥基材料在不同温度下的水化特性。结果表明,高钙粉煤灰中游离氧化钙在不同温度下的水化速度不同,而且,高钙粉煤灰在与水泥一起水化时的水化速度要远慢于其单独水化时的水化速度。合适的养护温度对高钙粉煤灰水泥基材料非常重要,高钙粉煤灰水泥基材料适宜制作蒸养水泥混凝土制品。     

早强剂对水泥水化放热及混凝土防冻效果的作用研究

从助磨剂和防冻剂应用角度,对硝酸钙、甲酸盐、硫氰酸钠、硫代硫酸钠等材料进行系统研究,结果表明:硝酸钙明显促进水泥初期水化,但对水化平稳期放热存在不利影响;硫氰酸钠明显促进水化加速期水化程度,但并不显著促进水泥初期水化;甲酸钠大幅降低溶液冰点,但0.3％试验掺量下,不明显促进水泥水化;甲酸钠和硫氰酸钠有利于维持混凝土的工...