BST薄膜的Sol-Gel法制备及其电学性能的研究

应用溶胶-凝胶（Sol-Gel)工艺制备了组分为r（Ba:Sr)=0.65:0.35的BST薄膜，研究了BST薄膜的显微结构、介电特性和漏电流特性，实验结果表明：BST薄膜经650℃热处理后，巳形成完整的立方钙钛矿结构，薄膜经900℃热处理后，其表面光滑、致密、无裂纹、无针孔，圆球形的小颗粒均匀分布。当偏置电压为0时，BST薄膜的介电常数和损耗因子分别为542和0.035。漏电流特性分析结果表明：采用RuO2作为底电极，在1.5V的偏压下BST薄膜的漏电流密度为0.52μA/Cm^2，该值比Pt/RuO2混合底电极上制备的BST薄膜的漏电流密度（72nA/cm^2)大1个数量级，因此，Pt/RuO2混合底电极既克服了RuO2底电极漏电流大的缺点，又解决了Pt底电极难以刻蚀的困难，是制备大规模动态随机存取存储器的电容器列阵的最低底电极材料。     

应用于DRAM的BST薄膜制备与性能研究

BaxSr1-xTiO3(BST)是动态随机存取存储器(DRAM)中常规电容介质SiO2的替代材料。用溶胶-凝胶(Sol-Gel)法在Si及Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si基片上制备出了较高品质的BST薄膜。系统地研究了在不同退火条件下薄膜的结晶情况、微结构和电学性能。在室温100kHz下,薄膜的介电常数为230。在3V的偏压下,薄膜的漏电流密度为1.6×10-7A/cm2。利用HCl/HF刻蚀溶液成功获得了分辨率达到微米量级的BST薄膜微图形。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备钡钕钛薄膜及其介电性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法在Si(111)和Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si衬底上制备Ba4Nd9.33Ti18O54(BNT)介质薄膜,采用X线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究了不同退火温度对薄膜结构和表面形貌的影响。结果表明当薄膜在950℃下退火2h后具有较好结晶质量的钨青铜结构,所得到的薄膜表面较为疏松;通过掺入质量分数为2%B2O3-2SiO2,可进一步将BNT薄膜的晶化温度降至900℃,且结构致密。介电性能测试表明,1 MHz频率下BNST薄膜的介电常数为45,介电损耗为1.1%,30V偏压下漏电流密度为4.13×10-6 A/cm2。     

快速退火对Pt/BST/Pt电容器结构和性能的影响

采用脉冲激光沉积(PLD)法在Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si(001)基片上制备了Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3(BST)薄膜,对Pt/BST/Pt电容器在空气中进行400℃快速退火(RTA)处理,研究了快速退火对Pt/BST/Pt电容器的结构和性能的影响。结果表明:快速退火虽然对BST薄膜的结晶质量影响较小,但却极大改善了Pt/BST/Pt电容器的电学性能。当测试频率为100kHz、直流偏压为0V时,介电损耗从快速退火前的0.07减小到0.03,介电常数和调谐率略有增加。快速退火后负向漏电流过大现象得到了明显抑制,正负向漏电流趋于对称,在300×103V/cm电场强度下,漏电流密度为4.83×10–5A/cm2。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备外延Ba1-xSrxTiO3薄膜及其结构与性能研究

应用溶胶-凝胶技术在Pt/MgO(100)衬底上成功地制备了Ba0.65Sr0.35TiO3外延薄膜.XRD和SEM分析结果表明该薄膜在O2气氛中650℃热处理1h后,其(001)面是沿着Pt(100)和MgO(100)面外延取向生长的;薄膜表面均匀致密,厚度为260nm,平均晶粒大小为48.5nm.当测试频率为10kHz时,BST薄膜的介电常数和损耗因子分别为480和0.02.介电常数-温度关系测试结果表明sol-gel工艺制备的Ba0.65Sr0.35TiO3薄膜其居里温度在35℃左右,且在该温度下Ba0.65Sr0.35TiO3薄膜存在扩散铁电相变特征.当外加偏置电压为3V时,BST薄膜的漏电流密度为1.5×10-7A/cm2.该薄膜可作为制备新型非制冷红外焦平面阵列和先进非制冷红外热像仪的优选材料.     

Bi2VO5.5铁电薄膜的制备及电学性质研究

利用溶胶凝胶法在n-Si(100)衬底上成功制备了钒酸铋(Bi2VO5.5)铁电薄膜.利用X射线衍射和原子力显微镜对薄膜的微结构进行了分析,结果表明,Bi2VO5.5薄膜与n-Si衬底有着良好的晶格匹配并表现出高度的c轴择优取向,晶粒大小均匀.对薄膜电学性质的研究表明,Bi2VO5.5薄膜具有良好的C-V特性,在±4V偏压下,存储窗大于0.4V.当外加偏压为3.2V时,漏电流密度为5×10-8Acm-2.1kHz下介电常数和介电损耗分别为95和0.22.这些结果说明,Bi2VO5.5在铁电存储器方面具有较大的应用前景.     

溶胶–凝胶法制备BST薄膜的结晶特性研究

采用改进的溶胶–凝胶(sol-gel)工艺配制了(Ba0.65,Sr0.35)TiO3(BST)溶胶。利用旋转涂覆工艺将BST溶胶涂覆在SiO2/Si衬底上,在不同的热处理条件下制备出BST薄膜。XRD分析结果表明:制得的BST薄膜形成了单一钙钛矿结构;AFM测试结果表明,BST薄膜表面平整致密,无裂纹。表面均方根粗糙度为3~6nm,晶粒大小分布均匀,直径约为40~100nm。随着热处理温度的提高,BST薄膜的晶粒变大,表面粗糙度变大。     

退火温度对ZrO_2高介电薄膜电学性能的影响

利用反应磁控溅射法沉积了ZrO2介电薄膜,研究了退火温度对ZrO2介电薄膜电学性能的影响,并对漏电流最小的样品的漏电流机制进行了分析。结果表明,随着退火温度的升高,漏电流先减小后增大,退火温度为300℃时所制备薄膜的漏电流最小,当所加电压为–1.4 V时,漏电流密度为8.32×10–4 A/cm2。当所加正偏压为0-0.8 V和0.8-4.0 V时,该样品的漏电流主导机制分别为肖特基发射和直接隧穿电流;当所加负偏压为–1.7-0 V和–4.0-–1.7 V时,其主导机制分别为肖特基发射和空间电荷限制电流。     

倒筒式射频溅射频偏压对Ba0.65Sr0.35TiO3热释电薄膜结构及性能的影响

采用倒筒式射频溅射方法,在Pt、Ti/SiO2/Si基片上制备了Ba0.65Sr0.35TiO3(简称BST)薄膜.研究了自偏压对BST薄膜结构及电学性能的影响.在较高自偏压下制备的BST薄膜具有高度的(100)择优取向,且结晶性好,表面平整,耐压能力强.在25℃时薄膜的热释电系数高达6.73×10-7C.cM-2.K-7.研究结果表明,利用倒筒式射频溅射方法适当提高自偏压,可以制备出热释电性能优良的BST薄膜.     

CeO_2缓冲层对蓝宝石基Ba_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)TiO_3薄膜结构和介电性能的影响

利用磁控溅射法制备Ce O_2缓冲层,通过脉冲激光沉积法制备Ba_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)TiO_3(BST)薄膜,在Al_2O_3(11—02)蓝宝石基片上构架了Pt/BST/Ce O_2/Al_2O_3和Pt/BST/Al_2O_3叉指电容器,对比研究了Ce O_2缓冲层对BST薄膜结构和叉指电容器介电性能的影响。通过X射线衍射仪、原子力显微镜和LCR表分别对叉指电容器的结构、表面形貌和介电性能进行了表征。实验发现,直接沉积在蓝宝石上的BST薄膜为多晶结构,生长在Ce O_2缓冲层上的BST为(001)取向的高质量外延薄膜。生长在Ce O_2缓冲层上的BST薄膜相对于没有缓冲层的BST薄膜具有更小的晶粒和均方根粗糙度。在40 V偏置电压下,Pt/BST/Al_2O_3和Pt/BST/Ce O_2/Al_2O_3叉指电容器的调谐率分别是13.2%和25.8%;最小介电损耗为0.021和0.014。结果表明Ce O_2缓冲层对生长在蓝宝石基片上的BST薄膜结构和介电性能具有重要影响。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.