大豆肽的功能及质量评价方法

介绍了新型大豆深加工产品大豆肽的功能特性、产品应用范围及质量评价方法。大豆肽是我国大豆产业的一个亮点,提高大豆肽产品的质量有利于生产企业的持续健康发展,我国非转基因大豆肽产品将呈现出诱人的开发应用前景。     

利用超临界CO2技术综合开发大豆胚芽

简要讲述了开发大豆胚芽产品的意义及如何以超临界ＣＯ２技术开发大豆胚芽油及富含大豆皂素和大豆异黄酮的产品 。     

大豆酸奶风味物质研究进展

近年来, 随着行业和消费者对健康和环保的认识不断提高, 植物基酸奶产品市场得到快速发展。大豆是最主要的植物基蛋白来源之一, 营养丰富且具有多种生理活性物质, 以大豆蛋白等植物基蛋白发酵的植物酸奶具有绿色健康等优点, 但产品容易出现豆腥味或者苦涩味等不良风味问题, 风味不佳是目前大豆酸奶产品发展的主要技术瓶颈。本文介绍了大豆酸奶主要风味来源、风味物质分类及风味改良方法, 其中大豆酸奶的不良风味主要来源于大豆原料自身风味物质及发酵过程中乳酸菌产生的挥发性风味物质, 本文提出了改善大豆酸奶产品风味的关键在于优化发酵原料、改善原料加工工艺及筛选适合大豆蛋白发酵的风味菌株, 为今后的大豆酸奶研究和产业发展提供思路。     

大豆异黄酮及大豆皂甙的抗氧化性研究

以脱脂大豆胚芽为原料,提取、分离纯化得到大豆异黄酮和大豆皂甙产品.通过超氧阴离子及过氧化氢清除实验、还原能力测定及抑制猪油氧化能力测定实验对大豆胚芽中的大豆皂甙和大豆异黄酮提取物的抗氧化性能进行了比较系统的评价.     

我国大豆蛋白在食品加工中的应用及展望

论述了我国大豆蛋白粉、大豆浓缩蛋白和大豆分离蛋白的生产方法、产品质量及产品特点,分析了大豆蛋白各种功能特性及在我国食品加工中的应用,对我国目前各种大豆蛋白产品的生产现状和开发前景进行了探讨。脱脂大豆粉和分离蛋白的工艺已经成熟,醇法大豆浓缩蛋白技术的应用研究和生产正在成为发展方向。     

豆豉营养与保健功能的研究

大豆发酵食品豆豉是我国的特色产品，有很高的营养价值。除含有人们熟悉的优质蛋白质、必需脂肪酸、无机盐及维生素外，天然存在的生理活性成分还包括有大豆异黄酮类、大豆低聚糖、大豆皂甙及大豆磷脂等。     

几种水解法制备高纯度大豆异黄酮甙元工艺比较研究

以低纯度商品大豆异黄酮为原料,利用酸水解法、超声波辅助酸水解法及酶水解法制备高纯度大豆异黄酮甙元产品。通过实验,比较这三种水解制备方法水解率、产品回收率和产品纯度,并对制备得到产品进行成分分析,选择出较佳制备高纯度大豆异黄酮甙元方法。实验结果表明,采用β―葡萄糖苷酶水解分离纯化工艺制备大豆异黄酮甙元产品,操作简单,安全环保,其产品得率、异黄酮回收率和产品纯度分别为15.1%、77.1%和92.7%,分离纯化效果较理想。     

大豆分离蛋白品质鉴别

大豆分离蛋白是除去大豆中的油脂、可溶性及不可溶性碳水化合物后的大豆蛋白质,具有多种功能特性,在食品工业中得到了广泛应用。由于大豆分离蛋白种类繁多,质量参差不齐,有些产品仅靠理化、卫生和微生物指标难以区分其优劣。利用大豆分离蛋白凝胶性、溶解性和持水性能的特点,鉴别大豆分离蛋白的类型、质量,在肉制品加工过程中根据需要选择不同类型的产品,合理定价,提高产品质量。     

大豆希腊酸奶的开发与应用

通过大豆希腊酸奶的工艺流程研究及产品黏度对比,选择采用乳清分离的工艺条件,使用大豆蛋白和牛乳结合,通过实验确定了大豆希腊酸奶的配料及工艺条件,生产出具有良好感官的大豆希腊酸奶。     

我国大豆加工产业高质量发展的思考

大豆加工产业是涉及油、肉、蛋、奶等民生产品的重要产业,对维护国家粮食安全、稳定油脂及饲料原料市场供应意义重大。进入21世纪以来,随着我国加入WTO,大豆贸易全面放开,大豆加工业发生了深刻变化,有必要对大豆加工历史进行回顾,对大豆加工产业存在的挑战进行分析,并对未来发展提出建议。我国大豆加工产业经过多年发展,取得了长足进步,但在原料采购能力、产品研发能力、成本控制能力、销售溢价能力等方面,与国际领先水平相比还存在一定差距;需要从管理好国际价格风险、提升加工环节精细化能力、提升产品及销售溢价能力三个方面不断提升企业竞争力,提升大豆加工产业高质量发展水平。     

Effects of fermentation on the phytochemical composition and antioxidant properties of soy germ

Soy germ is a remarkable source of bioactive phytochemicals offering an interesting alternative as starting ingredient for fermented food. This work aimed to determine whether lactic acid bacteria fermentation of soy germ induces changes on its phytochemical composition. The antioxidant properties of fermented soy germ samples periodically taken during the fermentation process were evaluated and correlated with the concentration and structural modifications of isoflavones, saponins, phytosterols and tocopherols. Fermented soy germ extracts exhibited a higher inhibition effect against the superoxide anion radical, and lesser but significant ferric-reducing and DPPH radical scavenging effects compared with raw soy germ. By comparison to the traditional whole seed-based products, soy germ exhibits higher levels of isoflavones, saponins, phytosterols and tocopherols. All these phytochemicals contributed to the antioxidant capacity of soy germ and were conserved under lactic acid bacteria fermentation.     

麦胚对高盐稀态酱油理化特性及抗氧化活性的影响

以大豆、面粉及麦胚为原料制备高盐稀态酱油,探究麦胚添加量对酱油各理化指标及抗氧化活性的影响;采用二苯基苦基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl,DPPH）自由基清除法、2,2’-联氮-二（3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸）二铵盐（3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate,ABTS）自由基清除法、还原力及氧自由基吸收能力评价原料、成曲及酱油抗氧化活性,并对酱油活性物质和抗氧化能力进行相关性分析。结果表明,添加麦胚能显著提高酱油总氮、氨基态氮、总酚、总黄酮及美拉德产物的含量（P＜0.05）,从而提升酱油抗氧化活性。麦胚添加量越多,原料、成曲抗氧化能力则越高,但酱油抗氧化能力先增大后减小。大豆、面粉、麦胚的配比为7∶1∶2时（S2）,酱油的抗氧化活性最高且显著高于对照组S1（P＜0.05）。酱油总酚、美拉德产物与酱油抗氧化能力均呈极显著性正相关（P＜0.01,r＞0.8）,推测这些物质是酱油抗氧化活性的主要物质基础;而总黄酮分别与DPPH自由基清除能力、ABTS自由基清除能力、还原力及氧自由基吸收能力之间相关性不高（r＝0.292、0.446、0.703、0.397）,故无法通过总黄酮含量高直接评价酱油抗氧化活性高。因此,在高盐稀态酱油酿造过程中,麦胚可部分替代面粉,从而提高酱油总氮、氨基态氮及抗氧化活性。     

Validation of a High-performance Liquid Chromatography-Ultraviolet Method to Quantify Soy Sapogenols A and B in Soy Germs from Different Cultivars and in Soy Isoflavone-Enriched Supplements

An increasing number of studies investigating the health effects of soy phytochemicals has led to the commercialization of many soy‐based products. Due to its particularly high concentration in many secondary metabolites, the use of soy germ as raw material is emerging for the processing of soy dietary supplements. However, the soybean seeds and germs do not exhibit the same major phytochemical profiles. This is particularly the case for soy saponins. Due to their structural diversity, the analysis of each individual soy saponin remains difficult. In this study, the total amount of these health‐protective phytochemicals was determined through the quantification of their aglucon precursors, soy sapogenols A and B. A simple and rapid analytical method was developed using high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with an ultraviolet detection. The within‐day and between‐day variabilities of total soy sapogenol concentration were 7.3% and 10.9% in the whole seed and 3.3% and 4.7% in the germ, respectively. The total soy sapogenol contents investigated among the germs from 43 cultivars ranged from 32.8 μmol/g to 63.1 μmol/g. High amounts of soy saponins were also observed in several soy‐based dietary supplements, from 5.5 μmol/g to 107.8 μmol/g, with an A/B ratio varying from 0.3 to 8.6, showing large differences between the raw materials and concentration process used. These results indicate that these compounds have to be clearly determined when discussing the biological activity of dietary supplements issued from soy.     

中国传统大豆发酵食品中微生物的分布

豆豉、豆酱、酱油和腐乳并列为我国四大传统大豆发酵食品，生产历史悠久。为了实现其工业化生产，必须先了解自然发酵产品中的主要发酵微生物，然后再从中筛选出适合工业发酵的菌株进行纯种发酵。本文简单介绍了以上四种发酵食品中的微生物分布情况。     

Functionality of Wheat Germ Protein in Comminuted Meat Products as Compared with Corn Germ and Soy Proteins

Wheat germ protein flour (WGPF), corn germ protein flour (CGPF), and soy flour (SF) were used as additives at a level of 3.5% in comminuted meat products (CMP). Frankfurters with protein additives showed increased water-holding capacity and batter stability and decreased cooking loss. Improved viscosity and adhesiveness were observed with protein additives when the level of added water was constant. Protein additives also influenced textural and sensory properties of frankfurters. WGPF at a level of 3.5% was found similar to effects of SF and CGPF. WGPF is a potential nonmeat protein additive that can be utilized as an extender in CMP such as frankfurters and bologna.     

THERMO-RHEOLOGY,QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS,AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF FRANKFURTERS PREPARED WITH SELECTED PLANT AND MILK ADDITIVES1

The purpose of this study was to evaluate substitution of nonmeat proteins for meat protein on the thermo-rheology, quality characteristics, and microstructure of frankfurters. Batters were formulated to contain either 2% sodium caseinate or soy protein isolate, or 3.5% whey protein concentrate or wheat germ flour. The storage modulus (G') of all treatments initially decreased during temperature ramping from 20–50C, then increased rapidly from 60–80C, with all-meat batter exhibiting the highest G' at 80C. Substitution with nonmeat proteins decreased G', shear force, compression force, and red color of meat compared with all-meat frankfurters. Increased protein content, cooking yield, and decreased fat content were obtained with nonmeat protein formulations. Electron micrographs showed that nonmeat proteins were able to bind to the meat protein and fat, forming a protein-fat matrix with less coalescence of fat droplets. Sodium caseinate, soy protein isolate, whey protein concentrate, and wheat germ flour can be used as protein additives in comminuted meat products without adversely affecting their physical characteristics.     

Introduction and nutritional evaluation of germinated soy germ

Germinated soy germ (GSG) were developed and evaluated for their nutritional value. Separated soy germ was germinated at room temperature for 24 h under running water. As germination progressed, the protein and fibre content of GSG increased slightly, while the lipid and carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio decreased; free amino acids including GABA increased considerably while free sugars decreased. Linoleic and linolenic acid were the most abundant unsaturated fatty acids in soy germ, and slight changes were observed in GSG. The tocopherol and isoflavone contents showed a rapid increase of 32.4% and 27.9%, respectively, during germination. The abundance of GABA, isoflavones and tocopherols demonstrates the high nutritional value of GSG and suggests that GSG can be utilised as a reasonable and effective source of healthy foods.     

Water Retention and Solubility of Soy Proteins and Corn Germ Proteins in a Model System

Response surface methodology was used to study water retention and protein solubility of soy flour (SF), concentrate (SC), and isolate (SI), and corn germ protein flour (CGPF). Water retention increased with pH (6 to 8) and incubation temperature (10–70°C), but not with increasing incubation time (10–30 min). SC had highest water retention per gTam, followed by CGPF, SF, and SI. Water retention in relation to protein content was higher in CGPF than in the three soy products. Protein solubility was significantly affected by pH and temperature of incubation. Protein solubility increased when pH (6 to 8) and incubation temperature increased (30–70°C) in all samples. SI had highest protein solubility, and CGPF had the lowest.     

大豆胚芽油的超临界CO2萃取研究

通过超临界CO2流体萃取大豆胚芽油的实验,探讨了萃取压力、萃取温度、萃取时间和CO2流量对大豆胚芽油萃取率的影响。结果表明,最适宜的萃取条件为萃取压力30MPa、萃取温度45℃、萃取时间120min、CO2流量25kg/h,在此条件下萃取率为91.38%;超临界CO2法得到的大豆胚芽油不饱和脂肪酸含量为84.2%,其中亚麻酸和亚油酸占74%,碘值为152gI/100g。