不同差分格式对伶仃洋数值计算的影响分析

对伶仃洋水动力进行数值模拟,水流运动方程在空间上采用有限体积法离散,速度水位耦合求解采用SIMPLCE算法,研究对流扩散项的不同离散格式对数值计算精度影响.通过计算得出以下结论,采用不同的差分格式对伶仃洋治导工程进行模拟,计算潮位变化规律一致,并且数值很接近,从这一角度看,不同的差分格式对工程影响评估没有影响.     

对流扩散反应型方程的一种稳定的算子分裂格式

首先提出了一种求解三维对流扩散反应型方程的算子分裂格式:DF-AD-REA分裂格式。处理纯对流算子时,采用特征线法,而扩散算子和反应项则采用显式差分格式。证明了:当Δt≤Min时,整个分裂算法是稳定的。这里,v是扩散系数的最大值,Nd是空间维数,h和U分别为i方向的空间步长和速度分量,Δt是时间步长。然后,选择一些线性和非线性的对流扩散反应型方程,用数值解与相应分析解的比较来检验算法的收敛性与精度,结果表明算法是有效的。由于算法简单、稳定,且对一、二维空间问题均适用,故可用于粘性流体流动、传质过程(如大气或河流等环境中污染物的传输)以及传热过程(如热、核电厂中的冷却水问题)等众多实际问题的计算中。     

三维方腔拖曳流的数值模拟

本文推导出一种适用于定常和不定常粘性不可压缩Navier-Stokes方程的分裂步方法。采用Taylor-Galerkin有限元格式进行求解，对有限元等式中关于速度的时间项进行三点向后差分，深入考虑粘性不可压缩流Navier-Stokes方程中对流项的作用，利用二阶Taylor展开完成时间项向空间项的转化，采用张量分析的方法推导了N-S方程分裂步方法的有限元离散格式，并采用低Reynolds数三维方腔拖曳粘性流^[23][24]作为基本算例，检验了这种分裂步方法的稳定性和有效性，同时与大涡模拟相结合对Reynolds数为10000的三维方腔拖曳湍流流场进行了相关的分析，进一步揭示了方腔回流运动的非定常非对称性、流动结构表现为竖轴环流与立面环流相叠加、流速沿垂线分布相对均匀等流动规律，显示了该方法与大涡模拟相结合能够有效地捕捉涡系及其时变过程。     

感潮河段盐水入侵的水质模型

盐潮入侵严重影响内河水质。盐度的纵向分布受制于上游径流和海洋潮汐，其水动力学特性非常复杂。数值求解不恒定盐度入侵，主要困难在于对流占优时对纯对流算子的恰当处理，否则将会产生严重的数值耗散和伪振荡等非物理效应。考虑到强混合型河口潮汐的特点，本文采用同步不同格式对盐潮入侵问题的流场及浓度场进行了数值计算。采用欧拉—拉格朗日混合解法（ELM），将对流—扩散方程中的扩散项和对流项分裂求解，应用高精度时间序列插值的特征差分隐格式求解对流项，扩散项采用传统的有限差分法。在汊口处，将描述河网汊口水质变化的三维对流扩散方程在汊口控制体积积分，变量间的插值分布采用Panankar提出的幂函数，得到新的汊口离散方程。计算与实测结果比较表明，本文提出的方法有效可行。     

二维不可压缩平板边界层的紧致有限差分法

针对二维不可压缩平板边界层N-S扰动方程,采用高精度紧致有限差分格式,应用空间模式,直接数值模拟了二维不稳定T-S波传播的过程。该算法的时间离散采用三阶精度混合显隐分裂格式,空间离散采用高精度紧致有限差分逼近。法向采用非等距网格方法,出口边界条件采用嵌边函数法。实例验证,该方法计算结果与流动稳定性分析的结果一致。     

大涡模拟在水下航行体周围黏性流场计算中的初步应用

在空间过滤得到的不可压缩流动的大涡模拟控制方程基础上,利用基于三阶迎风偏置格式的混合差分及二阶中心差分离散控制方程的对流项及耗散项,离散得到的线性方程组通过无矩阵计算的隐式LU-SGS（Lower-Upper Symmetric Gauss Seidel）分步迭代方法求解.利用大涡模拟（Large Eddy Simulation-LES）方法对水下航行体周围的黏性流场及水动力进行了定常数值模拟,计算得到的速度、压力分布及阻力值与试验吻合较好.     

含源项非定常非线性对流扩散方程的三次样条四阶差分格式

本文提出一种新的求解含源项,非定常、非线性对流扩散方程的数值方法。首先,将方程在网格域内线性化,再利用变换将对流扩散方程转化为扩散方程,结合具有四阶精度的三次样条公式,最终将方程离散为二层三节点的无条件稳定差分格式,其推导过程简便,精度为时间二阶,空间四阶。     

感潮河段盐水入侵的河口水质模型

盐潮入侵将严重影响内河水质。本文考虑强混合型河口潮汐的特点,采用同步不同格式对河口盐潮入侵问题的流场及浓度场进行数值计算。采用欧拉-拉格朗日混合解法将对流-扩散方程中的扩散项和对流项分裂求解,应用高精度时间序列插值的特征差分隐格式求解对流项,扩散项采用传统的有限差分法。在汊口处,将描述河网汊口水质变化的三维对流扩散方程在汊口控制体体积积分,变量间的插值分布采用Panankar提出的幂函数,得到新的汊口离散方程。计算与实测结果比较表明,本文提出的方法有效可行。     

污染物移流扩散方程的高精度分裂格式

提出了污染物移流扩散方程的一种高精度分裂格式, 该格式将多维移流扩散方程分裂为多个一维方程进行求解, 在每个方向上仅涉及三个空间节点而达到空间四阶精度. 采用该格式对几个经典的纯移流、移流扩散问题进行了数值模拟, 数值结果表明, 该格式比经典的移流扩散方程格式的精度要高得多, 此外该格式还具有编程简单、求解十分快速的优点.     

浅水流动有限元分析及其高分辨率格式

 建立了一种高分辨率格式的有限元法,并在此基础上对二维浅水流动的间断问题进行了数值 模拟。该有限元格式同传统的有限元法相比,既具有较高的离散精度,同时又能避免间断 附近的高频振荡和对流占优造成的虚假振荡。文中算例给出的以浅水方程作为控制方程的溃 坝流动的模拟结果同高分辨率格式的有限体积法、有限差分法的模拟结果吻合较好,表明 文中的格式是可靠有效的。     

方腔内热对流的高精度数值模拟

该文从二维方腔流动的涡流函数方程出发,建立了方腔内热对流的非定常数值计算模型。通过在空间上引入非均匀网格,提高壁面附近的分辨率;以及采用二阶守恒型的Arakawa格式处理非线性的对流项,既保证了多种物理量的守恒性,也同时提高了数值模拟的精度。数值计算表明,本文的计算格式与其它的同阶格式相比,具有更高的精度。     

AN OPERATOR-SPLITTING ALGORITHM FOR THREE-DIMEN-SIONAL CONVECTION-DIFFUSION PROBLEMS

An operator-splitting algorithm for the three-dimensional convection-diffusion equa-tion is presented.The flow region is discretized into tetrahedronal elements which are fixed in time.The transport equation is split into two successive initial value problems:a pure convection problemand a pure diffusion problem.For the pure convection problem,solutions are found by the method ofcharacteristiCS.The solution algorithm involves tracing the characteristic lines backwards in time froma vertex of an element to an interior point.A cubic polynomial is used to interpolate the concentrationand its derivatives within each element.For the diffusion problem,an explicit finite element algorithmis employed.Numerical examples are given which agree well with the analytical solutions.     

POINTWISE AND UPWIND DISCRETIZATIONS OF SOURCE TERMS IN OPEN-CHANNEL FLOOD ROUTING

1. INTRODUCTION Over the years refined numerical modelling of river flows has been of increasing concern not only for flood management but for environmental and ecosystem considerations. Built upon the traditional St-Venant equations, one-dimensional mode…     

带自由表面后向台阶流的数值模拟研究

后向台阶流是工程领域中一类常见的流动现象,也是流体力学中复杂剪切流动的一个典型例子。针对自由表面对后向台阶流场的影响,在总结前人研究成果的基础上,本文利用VOF方法追踪自由表面,采用realizable k-ε紊流模型封闭控制方程,建立立面二维数值模型,对带自由表面后向台阶流进行了模拟研究。模拟得到4种特征雷诺数工况下,台阶后纵向流速、紊动能、耗散率、边界压力值和水面流速的沿程分布。模拟结果与原型实验观测结果吻合较好。根据模拟结果,对台阶后流场随特征雷诺数变化的规律以及自由水面对台阶后流场分布、漩涡结构和压力值的影响进行了分析讨论。     

长腔体内混合流体行进波对流的高精度数值模拟

该文构造了含源项的对流-扩散方程的高精度紧致格式,并应用于求解描述混合流体行进波对流系统的控制方程.其中,对流项采用四阶精度的紧致格式离散,扩散项用四阶对称格式离散.首先对长高比为46腔体内的混合流体行进波对流系统进行验证性计算,得到了瞬态的对传波(counterpropagating wave)以及两种类型的调制行进波(modulated traveling wave).验证结果与其他前人的数值模拟结果非常吻合.该文计算得到了延伸行进波(extend traveling wave),在此基础上通过减小瑞利数,分析了局部行进波的稳定性对Rayleigh数r的关系,并确定了局部行进波的稳定范围为r=1.12～1.22.     

FINITE VOLUME METHOD FOR SIMULATION OF VISCOELASTIC FLOW THROUGH A EXPANSION CHANNEL

A finite volume method for the numerical solution of viscoelastic flows is given. The flow of a differential Upper-Convected Maxwell (UCM) fluid through an abrupt expansion has been chosen as a prototype example. The conservation and constitutive equations are solved using the Finite Volume Method (FVM) in a staggered grid with an upwind scheme for the viscoelastic stresses and a hybrid scheme for the velocities. An enhanced-in-speed pressure-correction algorithm is used and a method for handling the source term in the momentum equations is employed. Improved accuracy is achieved by a special discretization of the boundary conditions. Stable solutions are obtained for higher Weissenberg number (We), further extending the range of simulations with the FVM. Numerical results show the viscoelasticity of polymer solutions is the main factor influencing the sweep efficiency.     

Numerical solution of the Saint-Venant equations by an efficient hybrid finite-volume/finite-difference method

A computationally efficient hybrid finite-volume/finite-difference method is proposed for the numerical solution of SaintVenant equations in one-dimensional open channel flows. The method adopts a mass-conservative finite volume discretization for the continuity equation and a semi-implicit finite difference discretization for the dynamic-wave momentum equation. The spatial discretization of the convective flux term in the momentum equation employs an upwind scheme and the water-surface gradient term is discretized using three different schemes. The performance of the numerical method is investigated in terms of efficiency and accuracy using various examples, including steady flow over a bump, dam-break flow over wet and dry downstream channels, wetting and drying in a parabolic bowl, and dam-break floods in laboratory physical models. Numerical solutions from the hybrid method are compared with solutions from a finite volume method along with analytic solutions or experimental measurements. Comparisons demonstrates that the hybrid method is efficient, accurate, and robust in modeling various flow scenarios, including subcritical, supercritical, and transcritical flows. In this method, the QUICK scheme for the surface slope discretization is more accurate and less diffusive than the center difference and the weighted average schemes.     

FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF LAMINAR FLOW AND HEAT TRANSFER IN A BUNDLE OF CYLINDERS

In this paper two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations and energy equation governing incompressible laminar flow past a bundle of cylinders were numerically solved by using the finite element method.The velocity correction method was used for time advancement, and spatial discretization was carried out with the Galerkin weighted residual method.Viscous flows past the cylinder banks arranged in in-line cylinder bundles and staggered cylinder bundles, coupled with heat transfer, were investigated for pitch-diameter ratios of 1.5 and 2.0 and the Reynolds numbers from 50 to 500.Flow structures and heat transfer behavior were discussed.The results obtained agree well with available numerical data.