厚36毫米14锰钼钒氮水轮机涡壳钢板的常温焊接

随着我国大型水电站的建设,低合金高强度钢在水轮机涡壳制造中,日益得到广泛的应用。去年,曾首次把厚36毫米的14锰钼钒氮钢板(δs≥50公斤/毫水~2),用于某电站的水轮机涡壳制造中。但是,在现场装焊时,接头区出现了严重的焊接裂缝,影响了施工质量和进度。因此,焊接裂缝是大型水轮机涡壳制造中,能否采用δs≥50公斤/毫米~2低合金高强度钢的一项急需解决的技术关键。目前,国内焊接屈服强度为50公斤/毫米~2的低合金高强度钢产品(特别是中、厚板     

厘米尺度亲疏水间隔表面水下气膜维持效果及机理研究

目的 面向水下航行器减阻技术挑战，克服现有全超疏水表面气膜维持效果较差的问题，提出了厘米尺度的亲疏水间隔表面水下气膜维持思路，以获得更高的水下减阻性能。方法 采用k-ω湍流模型对厘米尺度的亲疏水间隔表面、全超疏水表面进行了流速0.5 m/s的水流冲刷模拟仿真，其中亲疏水间隔表面设定凹槽中的超疏水表面接触角为165°，亲水间隙接触角为45°；全超疏水表面的接触角均为165°。随后基于仿真结果，对厘米尺度的2种表面在不同水流速度和供气条件下进行水流冲刷实验，研究了这2种表面在不同实验条件下的气膜形状变化。结果 仿真结果显示亲水间隙的存在使凹槽内的气体受到钉扎束缚作用，可以实现气膜维持。实验结果显示在厘米尺度下，全超疏水表面在流速为0.55 m/s的条件下气膜维持情况较好，但在流速达到0.94 m/s，雷诺数为Re=14 030时，实验部分的流动状态为湍流状态，凹槽内气膜覆盖的面积时有变化，能覆盖的面积一般不超过凹槽面积的50%，很难维持完整的气膜；而在0～1.2 m/s的流速范围内，亲疏水间隔表面能够在超疏水区域始终维持稳定气膜表面，具有好的气膜维持效果。结论 相比均匀的全超疏水表面，亲疏...     

流速对L360管线钢在H2S/CO2环境中腐蚀行为的影响

目的为选取合适的流速来输送油气,降低流速对管线钢腐蚀造成的危害。方法以L360管线钢为实验用钢,流速(0、3、5 m/s)为变量,利用高压釜研究L360钢在含Cl-的H_2S/CO_2酸性环境中的腐蚀行为,采用极化曲线及交流阻抗研究L360钢的腐蚀电化学行为,利用SEM、EDS分析腐蚀后试样的微观形貌、结构特征以及腐蚀产物成分。结果失重法测定L360钢的腐蚀速率时,在实验条件完全相同的情况下,流速为5 m/s时的腐蚀速率(0.4824 mm/a)大于0 m/s时的腐蚀速率(0.3696 mm/a)。电化学测试中,3种状态对应的实验条件完全相同,可以发现流速为3 m/s时钢被腐蚀的难易程度位于0 m/s和5 m/s之间。随着流速的增加,试样表面腐蚀产物膜的破裂程度加剧。腐蚀产物以Fe的硫化物为主,流速为0 m/s时,有少量Fe CO3和Fe C3生成,流速为3 m/s时形成了四方硫铁和硫复铁矿晶体。随着流速从0 m/s增加到5 m/s,试样的腐蚀电位负移,腐蚀电流密度增大,在5 m/s时的腐蚀电位最负,此时自腐蚀电流密度最大,容抗弧半径最小,最易被腐蚀。结论结合腐蚀失重实验和电化学实验,发现流速在0~5 m/s范围内,流速越小,对L360管线钢造成的腐蚀作用越小,在不影响油气正常输送的情况下,尽可能选取小的流速,以保证管线钢的安全使用,提高管线钢的使用寿命。     

表面张力对激光焊接熔池及匙孔的影响

基于FLUENT19.0软件,建立了激光焊接热-流耦合模型,对比分析了不同表面张力温度系数(为负值)对熔池流场的影响.结果表明,随着表面张力温度系数的减小,熔池后方顺时针漩涡的流动趋势逐渐减弱,甚至消失,而且焊接飞溅的数量增多.纵截面熔池长度逐渐增加,纵截面熔池流体最大流动速度逐渐增大,熔池横截面的面积逐渐减小.当表面张力温度系数为-2.5×10^-4 N/(m·K)时,熔池长度平均值为3.28 mm、熔池流体最大流动速度的平均值为2.89 m/s、熔池横截面面积的平均值为4.52 mm²;当表面张力温度系数为-3.5×10^-4 N/(m·K)时,熔池长度平均值为3.73 mm、熔池流体最大流动速度的平均值为3.53 m/s、熔池横截面面积的平均值为4.03 mm²;当表面张力温度系数为-4.9×10^-4 N/(m·K)时,熔池长度平均值为4.14 mm、熔池流体最大流动速度的平均值为4.09 m/s、熔池横截面面积的平均值为3.28 mm².     

低速水下机器人水动力试验系统设计

针对低速水下机器人模型试验测取水动力特性的需求,设计一款满足相似理论要求的室内小型低速开口式直流水洞;利用Fluent软件仿真得到试验段各截面速度分布云图,选出满足试验条件的截面范围;搭建试验平台并进行流场标定,结果表明稳流段速度达到2 m/s,稳流段的流场均匀且稳定,范围大于200 mm×68 mm×300 mm,满足阻塞率不大于25%、试验段长度通常是模型长度3倍的要求,验证了仿真结果的正确性且满足预期水下机器人模型试验的要求。此试验系统适用于速度不大于2 m/s,模型长不大于200 mm,模型来流方向的横截面积不大于5 000 mm2的试验条件。     

增大冷速和退火对Al50Ni50合金耐蚀性能的改善(英文)

通过周向速度(S_c)分别为21和42 m/s的熔带甩带法制备单相Al₅₀Ni₅₀条带,然后采用多种实验方法研究在不同温度下退火Al₅₀Ni₅₀条带的显微组织和腐蚀行为。随着S_c从21 m/s提高到42 m/s,相应的铸态和退火条带的(100)晶体取向因子F(100)增大,再结晶的障碍减少以及钝化膜的总电阻增大。S_c=42m/s的铸态条带比21 m/s的铸态和退火的条带具有更稳定、更致密的Al₂O₃钝化膜,并可以通过在700℃退火进一步提升。因此,提高冷却速率和选择适当温度进一步退火可以提高AlNi条带的耐腐蚀性能。     

技术信息

由第一重型机器厂自行设计、制造的中型铝制品板材生产线成套设备最近制造成功,经试车、检测,各项技术性能均符合设计标准和用户要求,达到了日本同类设备的水平。铝制品板材生产线成套设备包括:半连续铸锭机组、锯切机组、二辊可逆热轧机组、四辊不可逆冷轧机组、横切机组、纵切机组。冷轧铝板厚0.4～2mm,宽800～1250mm;冷轧速度3m/s;冷轧轧制力为500×10~4N;最大卷重2t;设计年产量为1万t。     

一种新型锈蚀转化剂的作用机理研究

采用SEM和AFM技术研究了锈蚀转化涂层形貌的演化过程,利用XPS技术研究了锈蚀转化剂对Fe³⁺的转化能力,通过能谱分析和红外光谱技术,研究了锈蚀转化剂中的关键组分,从而推断出锈蚀转化剂的反应机理。结果表明,当锈蚀转化剂涂覆在锈蚀层上,其表面发生了一些化学反应。在72 h后,锈蚀转化涂层由两相融为均匀相,并且表面粗糙度降低。在此过程中,锈蚀层中Fe³⁺部分转化为Fe²⁺。生成的Fe²⁺和剩余的Fe³⁺则与锈蚀转化剂中的无机阴离子和单宁酸形成稳定的FePO₄,Fe₃(PO₄)₂,Zn₃(PO₄)₂和单宁酸铁络合物构成的保护膜。     

氧化铝-氧化铈核/壳复合磨粒的研究

制备出以α-Al2O3为内核,以含Ce3+的氧化铈为外壳的氧化铝-氧化铈核/壳复合磨粒.以硝酸铈为前驱物,经红外干燥后,在α-Al2O3内核上覆盖一层硝酸铈,通过煅烧成为含Ce3+的氧化铈外壳.通过电子显微镜照片分析和X衍射分析表明:在α-Al2O3上覆盖上了氧化铈,形成氧化铝-氧化铈核/壳结构.通过电子探针分析和光谱半定量分析证明:核/壳结构中氧化铈所占比例为小于2％,通过激光粒度分析仪对氧化铝-氧化铈核/壳复合磨粒进行分析,其粒度d50为2μm左右.     

丹霞电站金属结构件改用喷锌防护

丹霞电站是仁化县锦江河水电梯级开发的第四级电站 ,装置两台 30 0 0 k W灯泡贯流机组和 1 2扇平板闸门 ,其中 8扇 1 0 m× 4.4m大坝闸门 ,1扇 1 0 m× 4.6m渠道进水口闸门 ,1扇 6.75m× 6.75m机组进水口检修闸门 ,2扇 5.72 7m× 5.72 7m尾水事故闸门。机组过流部件和闸门原采用涂料防护 ,底漆、防锈漆和面漆各涂两遍 ,干膜总厚度达 0 .1 8mm。自1 994年底安装投运以来 ,所有金属结构均产生了严重锈蚀 ,直接威胁着电站的安全生产。1　金属结构的锈蚀情况( 1 )闸门的锈蚀情况 :1 997年底检查 ,涂料防护层基本起泡 ,大部分脱落 ,闸门面板已被…     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。