铁路客运专线隧道施工与质量管理浅议

凭借多年来铁路客运专线隧道施工的经验,参考国内铁路客运专线隧道的成功案例,对铁路客运专线隧道工程的施工特点、施工原则、基本施工方法和施工管理的特点做汇总整理。     

铁路工程隧道施工质量管理措施及发展

我国铁路工程在近些年得到了快速的发展,对我国经济的发展做出了巨大的贡献,而铁路隧道工程作为整个铁路工程的基础和核心,其质量的高低必须要有绝对的保障,不容忽视。但是,影响铁路隧道工程施工的因素有很多,因此有必要在铁路隧道施工的过程中对施工过程中各个环节进行严格的要求与把关,尤其对施工质量进行严格的管理,让我国铁路隧道工程在未来朝着更好的方向发展。     

建设部、铁道部共同发出关于进一步开放铁路建设市场的通知

为继续完善建筑企业资质管理体系, 进一步建立符合市场经济发展要求的建筑业改革目标, 适应铁路建设需求, 2004年 12月 31日建设部和铁道部发出通知: 进一步开放铁路建设市场。通知内容如下:一、近期铁路建设市场开放的范围1 设计。具有甲级公路 (公路、特大桥梁、特大隧道) 设计资质的设计院可以从事铁路路基、桥梁、隧道设计工作, 具有甲级煤炭 (矿井 ) 设计资质的设计院可以从事铁路隧道设计工作; 具有城市轨道设计资质的设计院可以从事铁路部分站前和站后的设计工作。2 施工。具有公路施工特级资质的企业可以承担铁路土建工程施工;…     

武广专线大瑶山隧道光面爆破施工技术

武广客运专线大瑶山隧道是我国铁路客运专线建设中最长的超大断面隧道,穿越地层复杂,施工要求高,设计时速高达350km/h。为保证工期要求和施工质量,在围岩较好地段采用了全断面光面爆破快速施工技术。结合围岩类型和生产情况,在不影响正常生产的条件下进行了一定数量的现场试验,对大瑶山隧道开挖的爆破参数、装药结构和起爆网路,进行了分析与设计;对钻爆施工和管理,提出了合理的质量保障和安全措施。通过采用PVC半管连续不耦合装药结构,达到了降低爆破成本、提高爆破效果的目的。     

中国岩石工程技术的新进展

在水电建设的岩石工程技术方面,介绍了三峡船闸高边坡稳定性及监控施工技术;深切河谷水电工程高边坡稳定性和支护技术;大跨度高边墙地下洞室群围岩稳定技术。在公路、铁路建设中的岩石工程技术方面,介绍了青藏铁路——穿越长年冻土层的施工技术;公路、铁路隧道中乌鞘岭隧道挤压大变形支护技术,高寒高海拔的风火山隧道、二郎山隧道施工技术;岩溶地区隧道超前地质预报技术。在矿业工程的岩石工程技术方面,介绍了煤矿巷道支护成套技术创新体系;低透气性煤层群无煤柱煤与瓦斯共采技术;深凹露天矿安全高效开采技术。另外,还介绍了岩石工程锚固新技术和精细爆破技术。     

广深港高速铁路狮子洋水下盾构隧道修建技术

广深港客运专线狮子洋隧道为我国首座水下铁路隧道,也是我国第一条特长水下隧道,其设计速度达350 km/h,该隧道为广深港高速铁路的关键性工程.针对该隧道的工程地质环境和采用的盾构法施工技术,特别是该隧道在我国首次采用了盾构对接方法施工,介绍了该隧道修建的有关设计与施工的技术,并提出了相应的技术措施.     

探析隧道支护施工技术的安全措施

我国交通建设随着经济发展不断发展壮大，铁路公路逐步成为交通建设主要形式，而隧遭施工作为一种重要形式，隧道施工安全是保障隧道工程安全进行的关键。本文从隧道安全工程的准备工作、安全施工的控制管理行为与紧急隧道安全措施等几个重要方面开展分析，对隧道施工中出现的问题及时解决提出多样化的解决途径。     

复杂地质条件下铁路隧道施工技术研究

随着当前我国社会经济的发展速度不断加快,有效推动了我国公路交通工程的建设和发展,尤其是我国铁路隧道工程施工技术的提高,对我国交通建设发展速度有着重要的意义。在铁路隧道施工过程当中,经常会受到复杂地质条件的影响,对整个铁路工程施工形成了不良的影响。基于此,本文重点针对复杂地质条件下铁路隧道工程施工技术进行了分析和研究,以此来保证整个铁路隧道工程施工的质量和安全性。     

浅析铁路大断面隧道穿越断层及地表多种构筑物的施工方法

随着我国铁路客运专线和扩能改造工程的大规模上马,双线大断面隧道施工越来越普遍。在穿越断层及地表构筑物时,对地表的扰动更大,采取合理的措施尤为重要。笔者结合昆阳至玉溪铁路宝峰隧道施工的成功经验,简要论述了该隧道穿越断层及地表多种构筑物的施工方法,供相似地质的隧道施工参考和借鉴。     

浅谈单线铁路隧道的快速施工

铁路作为我国重要的陆上交通渠道在经济发展中发挥着极为重要的作用,长期以来我国一直在积极推进铁路线路的建设,通过不断建设和完善铁路线路使得我国具有了沟通各地的铁路运输网络。铁路建设过程中会遭遇到各种复杂的地质情况从而使得铁路建设面临着极大的难度与挑战。单线铁路隧道是铁路建设中的重要一环,在单线铁路隧道的建设施工中需要结合单线铁路隧道建设施工的特点通过合理化配置机械设备、优化施工工艺、提升管理等举措来实现对于单线铁路隧道的快速施工。本文将在分析单线铁路隧道所面临困难的基础上对如何实现单线铁路隧道的快速施工进行分析阐述。     

钻爆法施工的海底隧道结构防排水技术研究

阐述了海底隧道的防排水原则,以厦门海底隧道为例讨论了钻爆法施工的海底隧道的合理排放量,提出了针对不同地层的防排水方案以及在海底隧道防排水设计施工中应注意的主要问题及需要研究的问题,提出的海底隧道防排水设计方法可为类似工程提供参考.     

Key Techniques for the Construction of High-Speed Railway Large-Section Loess Tunnels

The successful completion of the Zhengzhou–Xi’an high-speed railway project has greatly improved the construction level of China’s large-section loess tunnels, and has resulted in significant progress being made in both design theory and construction technology. This paper systematically summarizes the technical characteristics and main problems of the large-section loess tunnels on China’s high-speed railway, including classification of the surrounding rock, design of the supporting structure, surface settlement and cracking control, and safe and rapid construction methods. On this basis, the key construction techniques of loess tunnels with large sections for high-speed railway are expounded from the aspects of design and construction. The research results show that the classification of loess strata surrounding large tunnels should be based on the geological age of the loess, and be determined by combining the plastic index and the water content. In addition, the influence of the buried depth should be considered. During tunnel excavation disturbance, if the tensile stress exceeds the soil tensile or shear strength, the surface part of the sliding trend plane can be damaged, and visible cracks can form. The pressure of the surrounding rock of a large-section loess tunnel should be calculated according to the buried depth, using the corresponding formula. A three-bench seven-step excavation method of construction was used as the core technology system to ensure the safe and rapid construction of a large-section loess tunnel, following a field test to optimize the construction parameters and determine the engineering measures to stabilize the tunnel face. The conclusions and methods presented here are of great significance in revealing the strata and supporting mechanics of large-section loess tunnels, and in optimizing the supporting structure design and the technical parameters for construction.     

Research on the stability analysis and design of soil tunnel surrounding rock

The paper first analyzes the failure mechanism and mode of tunnel according to model experiments and mechanical calculation, then discusses the deficiency of taking the limit value of displacement around the tunnel and the size of the plastic zone of surrounding rock as the criterion of stability. So the writers put forward to regard the safety factor of surrounding rock calculated through strength reduction FEM as the criterion of stability, which has strict mechanical basis and unified standard and would not be influenced by other factors. The paper also studies the safety factors of tunnel surrounding rock (safety factors of shear and tension failure) and lining and some methods of designing and calculating tunnels. At last, the writers take the loess tunnel for instance and show the design and calculation results of two-lane railway tunnel.     

Challenges and Thoughts on Risk Management and Control for the Group Construction of a Super-Long Tunnel by TBM

The total length of the second stage of the water supply project in the northern areas of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is 540 km, of which the total length of the tunnels is 516 km. The total tunneling mileage is 569 km, which includes 49 slow-inclined shafts and vertical shafts. Among the tunnels constructed in the project, the Ka–Shuang tunnel, which is a single tunnel with a length of 283 km, is currently the longest water-conveyance tunnel in the world. The main tunnel of the Ka–Shuang tunnel is divided into 18 tunnel-boring machine (TBM) sections, and 34 drilling-and-blasting sections, with 91 tunnel faces. The construction of the Ka–Shuang tunnel has been regarded as an unprecedented challenge for project construction management, risk control, and safe and efficient construction; it has also presented higher requirements for the design, manufacture, operation, and maintenance of the TBMs and their supporting equipment. Based on the engineering characteristics and adverse geological conditions, it is necessary to analyze the major problems confronted by the construction and systematically locate disaster sources. In addition, the risk level should be reasonably ranked, responsibility should be clearly identified, and a hierarchical-control mechanism should be established. Several techniques are put forward in this paper to achieve the objectives mentioned above; these include advanced geological prospecting techniques, intelligent tunneling techniques combined with the sensing and fusion of information about rock parameters and mechanical parameters, monitoring and early-warning techniques, and modern information technologies. The application of these techniques offers scientific guidance for risk control and puts forward technical ideas about improving the efficiency of safe tunneling. These techniques and ideas have great significance for the development of modern tunneling technologies and research into major construction equipment.     

Safety of long railway tunnels

Planning and designing railway tunnels with an explicit reference to safety issues is becoming of utmost importance since the combination of high speed, mixed goods–passenger traffic and extreme length of the new tunnels under design or concept evaluation, have sensitively modified the inherent safety of the railway tunnel. Although the probability of occurrence of accidental events may still be considered rather low, the possible consequences of such events in long tunnels can be catastrophic, therefore raising the overall risk to levels that may be no more acceptable. The scope of this paper is to illustrate the state-of-practice related to risk analysis of long railway tunnels. First, ambitious tunnel projects are briefly reviewed. The applicable risk-analysis procedures are then described and discussed. The problem of risk appraisal is addressed and quantitative target safety levels are proposed. Safety systems for risk reduction are outlined.     

下穿既有隧道爆破振动响应研究

以沪昆客专贵州段小高山隧道泄水洞下穿既有高铁隧道正洞爆破施工为工程实例,在泄水洞开挖下穿既有铁路隧道时,为确保既有隧道结构安全和爆破振动影响问题,采用稳健回归和小波包等分析技术,研究了在既有隧道正洞内设置沙质缓冲层,其在下穿隧道施工中爆破地震波特征和传播机制。结果表明:主频率分布范围较广;缓冲层有效地吸收了大部分高频带能量,到达既有隧道结构的能量主要集中在第2~第4频带部分,振动速度峰值降低了34%左右,各方向的主振频率主要位于5~70 Hz的中低频范围;切向的能量占主要优势,须重点关注。研究为下穿既有隧道正洞施工,保证其结构安全和沉降满足要求奠定了理论基础,该成果可为类似下穿隧道工程和小距离隧道工程爆破振动控制提供参考。     

水下隧道盾构法施工安全风险评估探讨

随着地铁、公路等交通隧道的不断发展,隧道往往穿越江河湖泊等水体,大直径泥水平衡盾构广泛应用于水下隧道施工。大直径盾构施工风险高、控制难度大,加上水下施工不确定因素多,风险因素具有不断动态变化的特点,使得施工过程中存在较大的风险。风险评估越来越多的应用于水下隧道施工安全管理中。文章介绍了大直径泥水盾构的几个特点,并对这几个特点引起风险增大的机理进行了分析,针对风险评估常用的几中方法中存在的不足,提出了一种改进的指数法,给出了该方法的评估流程及基本计算模型,并将该方法初步应用于某水下隧道施工风险评估。该方法能够适应风险因素的变化,并且不拘泥于真实概率,通过进一步的细化和完善,能够更好地适用于水下隧道施工安全风险评估。     

风洞一维离散噪声ANC技术研究

风洞噪声不仅直接影响人们的身心健康,更重要的是较大的背景噪声还降低了风洞声学试验能力和试验精度,降低风洞噪声已成为风洞建设中攻关的关键技术问题。因此提出基于Fx-LMS自适应控制算法实现一维离散噪声主动控制,实验结果表明其能有效解决单波麦克风失匹配带来的误差,减小权系数变化对系统的影响,提高系统收敛速度;根据优化后的算法参数,在0.55 m×0.4 m声学风洞消声室进行管道噪声主动降噪实验,获得理想的降噪效果。     

超小净距下穿高铁隧道减振爆破技术

依托沪昆客专贵州段小高山隧道泄水洞下穿铁路隧道正洞工程,针对泄水洞0.5m超小净距爆破开挖下穿既有铁路隧道,对施工进度、爆破振动、爆破损伤等影响因素深入分析,提出采用预设减振保护结构结合数模,现场实时监测爆破振动响应,设置允许合成振速10cm/s作为预警振速界限,实时调整爆破方案的减振精细爆破设计思路,并结合后期监测等进行施工。结果表明,减振精细爆破设计在下穿钻爆施工中,能有效保证0.5m超小净距下穿既有隧道的安全运行,该工程的成功实践,可为类似下穿隧道工程的爆破开挖控制提供参考。     

超小净距下穿高铁隧道减振爆破技术

依托沪昆客专贵州段小高山隧道泄水洞下穿铁路隧道正洞工程,针对泄水洞0.5m超小净距爆破开挖下穿既有铁路隧道,对施工进度、爆破振动、爆破损伤等影响因素深入分析,提出采用预设减振保护结构结合数模,现场实时监测爆破振动响应,设置允许合成振速10cm/s作为预警振速界限,实时调整爆破方案的减振精细爆破设计思路,并结合后期监测等进行施工。结果表明,减振精细爆破设计在下穿钻爆施工中,能有效保证0.5m超小净距下穿既有隧道的安全运行,该工程的成功实践,可为类似下穿隧道工程的爆破开挖控制提供参考。