Ni/Si中间层对铝/钢激光焊接头组织与性能的影响

研究了以Ni箔以及预置Si粉的Ni箔为中间层的铝/钢异种金属激光焊行为. 系统考察了不同激光功率下预置Si粉的Ni箔中间层对铝/钢异种金属激光焊接头组织与性能的影响. 结果表明,加入预置Si粉的Ni箔做复合中间层时,与只添加Ni箔片做中间层时相比,焊接接头的最大剪切力明显提高,其中激光功率为2 150 W时焊接接头的最大剪切力提高至1 307.96 N;Si粉的添加增加了熔池的流动性,并使得铝/钢界面的物相组成、元素分布和微观组织形态发生了改变;焊缝区生成了Fe-Si及Al-Si二元新相,有效抑制了Fe-Al二元脆性相的生成,改善了铝/钢的焊接性. 因此,预置Si粉的Ni箔复合中间层的加入,可以有效地改善铝/钢异种金属激光焊过程中的冶金反应,进而提高焊接接头的力学性能.     

基于Ti中间层的AZ31镁合金/6061铝合金电阻点焊研究

通过添加钛箔中间层,研究了镁/铝合金异种金属电阻搭接接头的微观组织与力学性能。研究结果表明,添加0.2mm厚度钛箔中间层可以大幅提高镁/铝异种金属电阻点焊接头的结合强度,接头的最大拉剪力随焊接电流的增大先增大后减小;当焊接电流为14kA时,最大拉剪力达到最大为2.2kN。铝钛界面处有TiAl₃生成,接头断裂在镁侧热影响区上,经过换算接头的剪切强度能够达到156MPa。通过SEM和EDS分析,添加钛中间层阻断了镁合金和铝合金的相互扩散,钛中间层阻碍了Mg-Al金属间化合物的生成,从而大大提高接头的结合强度。     

铝/铜异种金属电阻热辅助超声波缝焊工艺特性

1060纯铝箔作为中间层,通过电阻热辅助超声波缝焊的方式实现1 mm厚度6061铝合金和T2紫铜异种金属焊接,分析了焊接过程中电阻热对铝/铜焊接接头焊缝成形、界面形貌、温度场以及力学性能的影响. 结果表明,采用单独超声波缝焊焊接铝/铜异种金属时,因产生的焊接能量较小,接头连接界面处仅局部区域位置形成连接,接头拉剪强度为45 MPa. 但在电阻热辅助超声波缝焊过程中,电阻热的加入能够有效预热工件,令待焊材料表面发生软化,在高频振动作用下,接头连接界面处形成有效连接. 同时,引入电阻热提高了铝/铜界面处温度,由单独超声波缝焊的140 ℃增加至190 ℃,界面处原子扩散距离增加,获得焊接接头的拉剪强度增加至75 MPa,相对前者接头拉剪强度提高67%.     

基于Ti中间层的SiCp/6061-T6Al MMCs低功率激光-TIG复合焊组织与性能

以0.1mm厚的Ti箔做中间夹层,使用低功率激光-TIG复合焊的方式对SiCp/6061-T6Al MMCs 进行焊接,并对接头的宏观形貌、显微组织、物相、电阻率、抗拉强度及断口形貌进行分析。结果表明：激光功率对焊缝的成形有着较大影响;Ti箔的加入基本抑制了焊缝中针状Al₄C₃生成,并生成TiC增强相以及条状TiAl₃;焊缝区为等轴晶组织,熔合区为柱状晶组织,热影响区组织变化不明显;随着激光功率的增加接头的电阻率呈现出增加的趋势,并明显高于母材;在554W时接头的抗拉强度可达196.98MPa,是母材强度的54.71%。接头断口中几乎没有气孔,韧窝中的第二相粒子以TiC为主,接头呈现出以脆性断裂为主的脆-韧性混合断裂特征。     

Improving Joint Morphologies and Tensile Strength of Al/Mg Dissimilar Alloys Friction Stir Lap Welding by Changing Zn Interlayer Thickness

The pure Zn foils with different thicknesses(0.02, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mm) were selected as interlayers to improve the quality of friction stir lap welding joint of 7075-T6 Al and AZ31 B Mg dissimilar alloys. The effects of the interlayer thickness on joint formation, microstructure and tensile strength were analyzed. The results displayed that the maximum length of the boundary between stir zone(SZ) and thermo-mechanically affected zone in lower plate was obtained by the addition of the Zn interlayer with 0.05 mm thickness. The Mg–Zn intermetallic compounds(IMCs) were discontinuously distributed in the SZ, replacing the continuous Al–Mg IMCs. The size of Mg–Zn IMCs increased with the increase in the thickness of the Zn interlayer. The maximum tensile shear strength of 276 N mm-1 was obtained by the addition of 0.05 mm Zn foil, which increased by 45.6% of that of the joint without the Zn foil addition.     

以铜和Cu-Ti作为中间层的TiAl/GH3536扩散焊

采用铜箔和Cu-Ti合金作为中间层进行了TiAl和GH3536的扩散焊试验.以铜箔作为中间层在935℃/10 MPa/1 h参数下获得的焊缝组织以Ti（Cu,Al）2,AlCu2Ti和AlNi2Ti相为主,焊缝中存在裂纹.接头室温平均抗剪强度仅有31 MPa.以Cu-Ti合金作为中间层在935℃下采用三种不同参数进行了TiAl和GH3536的液相扩散焊试验.当加压3 MPa,保温10 min时,扩散焊缝中央还存在着宽度约5μm的残留相.保温时间延长至1 h,焊缝形成了较为均匀的分层组织,获得的接头室温抗剪强度最高,达180 MPa.增大压力至20 MPa,保温2 h获得的接头中出现AlNi2Ti相,接头平均室温抗剪强度下降至90 MPa.     

93W/Ni/QSn4-3扩散焊接接头的显微结构和力学性能

采用扩散焊接的方法制备出加入Ni箔中间层的钨合金(93w)与锡青铜合金(QSn4-3)焊接接头样品.利用XRD,SEM和EPMA对焊接接头的物相组成和显微结构进行了分析,并测量了焊接接头样品的抗拉强度.结果表明,加镍的93W与QSn4-3进行扩散焊接时,焊接层的显微结构结合紧密,Ni与Cu元素之间以及93W合金的添加剂元素在Ni箔中分布存在明显的连续变化层.物相分析和显微硬度结果表明Ni元素与QSn4-3中的Cu元素和93W的添加剂元素的固溶反应,促进了93W,Ni/QSn4-3焊接接头强度的大幅度提高.

Abstract：

The 93W/Ni/QSn4-3 joint was prepared by diffusion bonding at vacuum using pure nickel foil as interface layer. The microstructure and composition were characterized by SEM and EP-MA. The tensile strength of joint was also measured. The test results show that Ni foil improves the tensile strength of 93W/Ni/QSn4-3 joint. The thickness of Ni interlayer becomes thiner obviously because of the diffusion layer between Ni element of Ni foil and W and additional elements of 93W alloy, as well as the gradient layer of Ni and Cu elements. Solution reactions between Ni element of Ni foil and Cu element of QSn4-3 alloy, W and additional elements of 93W alloy achieve the joint of 93W/Ni/QSn4-3, that is why tensile strength of 93W/Ni/QSn4-3 joint welded is improved.     

胶层-镍箔辅助激光焊钢/镁接头组织与性能

采用钢板在上、镁板在下且添加胶层-镍箔辅助的激光焊接技术,对厚度1.4 mm的DP590双相钢和厚度1.5 mm的AZ31B镁合金进行焊接, 基于热力学计算选择添加箔片元素,分析接头焊缝形貌、显微组织与力学性能,并对接头熔池温度场和流场进行数值模拟. 结果表明,激光功率1 800 W,焊接速度30 mm/s,离焦量为 + 2 mm,流量为15 L/min的氩气保护的工艺条件下,添加镍箔实现了镁/钢冶金连接,同时添加胶层和镍箔,与单一添加镍箔相比,接头平均抗剪强度提高1.73倍;添加胶层,焊缝连续光滑, 镁侧熔池的熔化宽度增大,钢/镁横向结合面积增加,熔池温度梯度降低,熔池流动速度提高,促进了界面元素相互扩散和冶金反应,因此钢/镁接头性能得到大幅提升.     

Comparative evaluation of X‐ray test results with bend test results for aluminium alloy welded joints

The SiC particle reinforced aluminum alloy has been developed for various machine parts. Aluminum welded machine parts often require welded joints composed of dissimilar alloys. In the present study, electron beam weldability of dissimilar joints was investigated on different combinations of aluminum alloys of 10 mm thickness. The main alloy is 10% SiC particle reinforced Al–Si aluminum alloy. Combination wrought alloys are Al–Si, Al–Mg, Al–Mg–Si and Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloys. The electron beam machine is a 6 kW high voltage type. The joint groove is of square butt without filler metal.

In the case of SiC reinforced alloy/Al–Si and Al–Mg, joints, weldability was poor because some weld imperfections were recognized such as arcing and other defects. In the case of SiC reinforced alloy/Al–Mg–Si, Al–Zn–Mg–Cu, the cracking sensitivity is low while some small porosity was recognized. Tensile strength became about 150 MPa such as SiC reinforced alloy. Impact values of the SiC reinforced alloy/Al–Mg–Si joint were recovered through 2160 h room temperature ageing. Micro segregation of the Si element was recognized for the SiC reinforced alloy/Al–Mg–Si joint by electron probe microanalyser analysis.     

Be/Al/Be激光焊接接头显微组织分析

铝为过渡材料,运用激光焊接技术实现了铍与铍激光熔焊连接.采用扫描电镜(SEM)、金相显微镜(OM)、微控电子万能试验压力机及微区X射线衍射仪(XRD)对焊接接头的显微组织、剪切断口形貌、力学性能及相结构进行了试验研究.结果表明,Be/Al/Be激光焊接接头为铝与铍形成类似复合材料的双相组织,接头抗剪强度介于铝和铍的抗剪强度之间,随着焊缝组织铍含量增加,接头抗剪强度呈上升趋势、焊接接头断裂形式由塑性断裂向脆性断裂转变、断口形貌由韧窝断口向准解理断口过渡,焊缝中的金属化合物是导致焊缝失效断裂的主要原因.     

Study on diffusion welding SiCp/ZL101 with Cu interlayer

Through the vacuum diffusion welding SiCp/ZL101 aluminum with Cu interlayer,the effect of welding parame-ter and the thickness of Cu on the welded joint property was investigated,and the optimal welding parameters were putforward at the same time.The microstructure of joint was analyzed by means of optical-microscope,scanning electron mi-croscope in order to study the relationship between the macro-properties of joint and the microstructure.The results showthat diffusion welding with Cu interlayer could be used for welding aluminum matrix composites SiCp/ZL101 successfully.     

激光焊接镁/铝异种金属的显微组织与性能

对1.8 mm厚AZ91镁合金和1.2 mm厚6016铝合金平板试件进行激光搭接焊试验,利用体视显微镜、卧式金相显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、电子显微硬度仪、微机控制电子万能试验机等手段研究镁/铝焊缝的表面成形性、接头区域的金相组织、界面元素分布、断口形貌、主要物相、显微硬度与接头力学性能。结果表明:激光功率1900 W,焊接速度50 mm/s,离焦量f为0,Ar气保护气体流量为15 L/min时,焊缝表面成形性良好,热影响区窄,晶粒细化;焊接接头平均抗拉强度和抗剪强度分别为13.99和12.79 MPa,镁侧和铝侧焊缝硬度均高于母材;剪切断口较平坦、光滑,出现相互平行的疲劳条纹;拉伸断口存在较多高度不一致的解理台阶,呈脆性断裂特征;镁/铝焊缝界面存在Mg17Al12、Mg2Al3主要物相,其中Mg17Al12脆性相高温下比Mg2Al3延性相结构稳定,是镁/铝焊接接头呈现脆性特征和较难实现焊接的主要原因。     

6061铝合金/316L不锈钢CMT熔钎焊工艺

对1.5 mm厚6061铝合金和2 mm厚316L不锈钢进行搭接焊,所选焊丝为4043铝硅焊丝。运用扫描电镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计及万能拉伸试验机研究了焊接工艺参数对焊缝成形及焊接接头界面组织与力学性能的影响。研究结果表明,焊接参数对焊接接头宏观形貌有显著的影响,钎焊界面处不可避免的生成以FeAl3,Fe2Al5为主的金属间化合物相。拉剪试样断裂于钎焊金属间化合物层处,金属间化合物层厚度过大或过小都会影响焊接接头抗剪强度,厚度为1.5 μm时试样抗剪强度最高可达50 MPa。     

镍中间层对铝/镁异种金属搅拌摩擦焊接头微观组织的影响

采用搅拌摩擦焊(friction stir welding, FSW),引入厚度为0.05 mm镍箔作为中间层,在焊接速度不变条件下,采用不同转速对厚度为4 mm的6061铝合金和AZ31镁合金进行平板对接,对接头进行系列微观组织表征及力学性能测试,探讨转速对接头中镍颗粒分布状态,金属间化合物(intermetallic compounds, IMCs)种类与分布及接头强度的影响规律. 研究结果表明:与未引入中间层接头相比,引入镍改变了铝/镁异种金属FSW接头焊核区(weld nugget zone, WNZ)中IMCs种类及分布,WNZ存在明显的镁合金与铝合金相间的带状组织,其上分布着絮状Al₁₂Mg₁₇、颗粒状Mg₂Ni、层状Al₃Mg₂及大小不一的镍箔颗粒;随着转速增加,镍箔颗粒分布愈加均匀,Al₃Mg₂数量相对减少,且脆性Al₃Mg₂由连续分布逐渐演变为断续分布;当转速为750 r/min时,接头抗拉强度达到最大值,与未引入中间层接头相比,引入镍中间层接头抗拉强度提高了56 MPa,达到镁合金的56.9%.     

镀锌钢一6016铝合金异种金属加入中间夹层铅的激光焊接

对1．2mm厚镀锌钢板和1．15mm厚6016铝合金平板试件进行了加入中间夹层铅的激光搭接焊试验,通过调整焊接工艺参数获得最佳焊接成形,利用卧式金相显微镜、扫描电镜、x射线衍射、微机控制电子万能试验机等手段研究了焊接接头各区域的金相组织、断口形貌、主要物相与接头力学性能．结果表明,在钢／铝激光焊中添加中间夹层铅,焊接接...     

Laser welding/brazing of 5182 aluminium alloy to ZEK100 magnesium alloy using a nickel interlayer

Aluminium alloy and magnesium alloy were successfully joined by using laser welding/brazing technology via a nickel interlayer. Microstructure and mechanical properties of the dissimilar Al/Mg joints with and without a nickel interlayer were comparatively investigated. No joints were achieved without a nickel interlayer; after welding, specimens were separated without applying any force. By inserting a nickel interlayer, sound metallurgical bonding were obtained at the interfaces. Hence, the joint strength reached 410 N with the failure at Mg/Ni interface. The influence of Ni interlayer on the weld defect, microstructure and joint strength was studied, and the joint formation mechanism was also discussed.     

镀锌钢/铝添加中间夹层Cu、Pb的激光搭接焊研究

对1.2 mm厚DC56D+ZF镀锌钢和1.15 mm厚6016铝合金平板试件进行了添加中间夹层Cu、Pb的激光搭接焊实验研究,利用体视显微镜、卧式金相显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、微机控制的电子万能试验机等手段研究了钢/铝焊缝的表面成形性、接头各区域的金相组织、界面元素分布、断口形貌、主要物相与接头力学性能。结果表明:添加中间夹层Cu、Pb,焊接接头的平均抗拉强度分别为49.44、73.51 MPa,伸长率分别为1.63%、2.37%,与未添加夹层相比,抗拉强度和伸长率提高,其中Pb提高效果优于Cu;不加夹层,钢/铝试样断口呈明显脆性断裂特征;加入夹层Cu,脆性断裂特征不明显;而加入夹层Pb,试样断口呈韧性断裂特征;添加夹层Pb,钢/铝界面连接处Fe、Al、Zn、Mg、Pb元素变化剧烈,混合区宽度大,新生成Mg2Pb金属间化合物的结构比FeAl金属间化合物稳定,能抑制脆性FeAl金属间化合物生成。这是添加夹层Pb明显改善钢/铝焊接接头力学性能的重要原因。     

Effect of Shoulder Diameter on the Force Generation,Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir-Brazed Aluminium Alloy and Copper with Ultrahigh Rotation Speed

Friction stir brazing with ultrahigh rotation speed was applied to 6061 aluminium alloy-pure copper lap joints with the aid of zinc foil. The effects of different shoulder diameters from 7 to 15 mm on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al/Cu FSB joints were investigated along with the temperature and resistance of the friction tool. The oscillation of forward resistance and lateral force was related to the flow of the plastic metal and contributed to obtain a good appearance during the welding process. From the appearance of the welded joints, it was obvious that the phase difference between the forward resistance and lateral force had a significant influence on the joint characteristics. Obvious scale-like ripples appeared on the weld area when a sharp angle in the phase difference curve existed. Additionally, with a lower axial force and oscillation assistance, a satisfactory joint could be obtained. The results of the shear strength of the brazed joint showed that the shoulder with a 12 mm diameter yielded the highest shear strength. Meanwhile, the zinc foil in the middle melted completely and formed finely dispersed CuZn₅ Al-Zn eutectic structures at the Al-Cu interface.     

TiAl与Ni基合金接触反应钎焊接头界面组织及性能

以Ti为中间层实现了TiAl与Ni基合金的接触反应钎焊。采用扫描电镜和电子探针等手段对钎焊接头的界面结构及生成相进行分析,并对接头剪切强度进行测试。结果表明:当钎焊温度为960℃时,钎缝主要由Tiss和Ti2Ni组成;当钎焊温度从960℃升高到1000℃时,钎缝中生成Ti-Al及Al-Ni-Ti化合物,典型界面结构为:GH99/(Ni,Cr)ss/Ti2Ni+AlNi2Ti+TiNi/Ti3Al+Al3NiTi2/Ti3Al+Al3NiTi2/TiAl;钎焊温度继续升高,Ti3Al和Al3NiTi2变得粗大,导致接头性能下降。当钎焊温度为1000℃,保温10min时,接头剪切强度达到最大值233MPa。随钎焊温度的升高,钎缝厚度先增加后减小。     

Cf/C复合材料与纯铜的胶接辅助钎焊连接

采用胶接辅助钎焊方法,以TiH2粉为活性元素源,环氧树脂为粘性载体,Ag-Cu共晶合金为钎料,Cu箔为应力缓冲层材料,实现了Cf/C复合材料与纯铜的钎焊连接,结果表明,接头界面处产生TiC,TiCu,Ag(s,s),Cu(s,s)等反应产物,其结构可表示为(Cf/C)/TiC+Ag(s,s)+Cu(s,s)+TiCu/Cu。通过钎焊工艺试验得出,在930 ℃保温25 min钎焊条件下接头的抗剪强度达到最大值30 MPa。