热镀锌双相钢的发展和应用

简要介绍了热镀锌和双相钢的发展历程,说明了发展热镀锌双相钢的必要性。介绍了国内外的热镀锌双相钢的生产和应用情况。     

双相不锈钢：成功的发展过程和增长前景

1 双相钢的冶金学历史 双相不锈钢的历史在一些研究中已经进行了广泛、详细的叙述。在这些研究的基础上，我们可以总结出以下几个主要发展阶段。     

汽车用冷轧超高强度双相钢的研发和生产

综述国内外汽车用冷轧超高强度双相钢的研究开发和生产工艺,包括冷轧超高强度双相、超高强度热镀锌双相钢的性能特点及成形性、高速冷却连退技术、锌淬技术等生产技术,提出汽车用冷轧超高强度双相钢的发展方向.     

轻质钢的研究进展(二)——铁素体—奥氏体双相轻质钢和奥氏体轻质钢

首先主要阐述了富Al铁素体—奥氏体双相轻质钢和奥氏体轻质钢的微观组织特征、力学性能和强韧化机制。尽管添加Al可以降低钢的密度和提高比强度,但是它会使钢的弹性模量显著降低。针对这一不利属性,介绍了一种切实可行的提高轻质钢(以及碳钢)弹性模量的措施,即利用凝固过程中原位自生高弹性模量的硬质颗粒(如Ti C和Ti B2等)来增强钢的基体。所形成的颗粒增强钢基复合材料可以具有较常规碳钢和富Al轻质钢更高的弹性模量和比弹性模量。     

硅、锰和轧制工艺对双相钢组织与性能的影响

利用Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机对试验钢进行了模拟热轧.研究了合金元素硅、锰和终轧温度、轧后冷速和轧制变形对试验钢双相组织形成和性能的影响.结果表明:在试验工艺参数范围内,试验钢均获得双相组织,其稳定性较好.导出了估算热轧空冷Si-Mn双相钢的f_M和f_Fp值的计算式,计算值和实测值吻合.热轧参数对试验钢硬度的影响较小.     

提高冷轧双相钢延伸和扩孔性能的研究探索

以提高双相钢的成形性为出发点,围绕提高先进高强钢成形性的最新研究成果,探讨了提高冷轧双相钢延伸性能和扩孔性能的可行性技术措施:双相钢中加Si可以在铁素体中获得较高位错密度,从而提高加工硬化率,有利于延伸率的提高;在中温区等温,可以获得较高的残余奥氏体含量,最终得到回火马氏体+贝氏体+残余奥氏体的多相组织,可以得到较理想的延伸率和扩孔性能。     

700 MPa级热轧双相钢的组织和性能

 采用热模拟并借助光学显微镜、SEM技术研究了双相钢的相变规律及不同工艺参数下的组织演变规律。根据热模拟结果在实验室试制出700 MPa级热轧双相钢,优化了轧制和冷却工艺参数。实验结果表明：热轧双相钢组织为多边形铁素体+马氏体岛,抗拉强度730 MPa,屈强比062,伸长率236%,达到了DP700级双相钢的性能要求,并讨论了热轧卷取温度对双相钢最终力学性能的影响。     

Si－Mn－Cr型热轧双相钢相变和组织的研究

锰和铬含量分别达１．５３％和０．６％的Ｓｉ－Ｍｎ－Ｃｒ型钢获得了Ｓｉ－Ｍｎ－Ｃｒ－Ｍｏ型热轧双相钢的相变动力学，即在ＣＣＴ曲线上出现了温度间隔为１００℃的奥氏体亚稳区。又发现随着冷速的降低，连续冷却转变后的组织中多边形铁素体量增多，贝氏体量减少，且冷速减小到一定程度时组织中出现针状马氏体。     

Mn对2205双相不锈钢耐点蚀性能的影响

研究锰元素对2205双相不锈钢耐点蚀性能的影响, 锰质量分数的变化范围为0. 93%~1. 26%.分别采用化学腐蚀法、动电位极化法研究双相不锈钢2205的耐腐蚀性能, 采用夹杂物自动分析技术研究锰对钢中夹杂物种类及数量的影响, 通过扫描电镜、能谱及夹杂物原位分析法观察化学腐蚀及电化学腐蚀前后钢中夹杂物及其周围钢基体的变化情况.采用电感耦合等离子体发光光谱测定腐蚀产物的成分.研究结果表明, 不同类型的夹杂物对耐腐蚀性能的影响不同, (Mn、Si) 氧化物以及(Mn、Si、Cr) 氧硫化物在腐蚀液中更易溶解进而促进腐蚀, 而(Cr、Mn、Al) 氧化物却很稳定.锰的加入会促进钢中(Cr、Mn、Al) 夹杂的析出, 此类夹杂物不仅自身很容易被含Cl离子的溶液腐蚀, 而且作为点蚀的起始点, 促进了点蚀坑的形成, 加快了基体腐蚀, 最终导致不锈钢耐点蚀性能的下降.      

Mn对2205双相不锈钢耐点蚀性能的影响

研究锰元素对2205双相不锈钢耐点蚀性能的影响,锰质量分数的变化范围为0. 93%～1. 26%.分别采用化学腐蚀法、动电位极化法研究双相不锈钢2205的耐腐蚀性能,采用夹杂物自动分析技术研究锰对钢中夹杂物种类及数量的影响,通过扫描电镜、能谱及夹杂物原位分析法观察化学腐蚀及电化学腐蚀前后钢中夹杂物及其周围钢基体的变化情况.采用电感耦合等离子体发光光谱测定腐蚀产物的成分.研究结果表明,不同类型的夹杂物对耐腐蚀性能的影响不同,(Mn、Si)氧化物以及(Mn、Si、Cr)氧硫化物在腐蚀液中更易溶解进而促进腐蚀,而(Cr、Mn、Al)氧化物却很稳定.锰的加入会促进钢中(Cr、Mn、Al)夹杂的析出,此类夹杂物不仅自身很容易被含Cl离子的溶液腐蚀,而且作为点蚀的起始点,促进了点蚀坑的形成,加快了基体腐蚀,最终导致不锈钢耐点蚀性能的下降.     

合金元素对双相不锈钢2101耐点蚀性能的影响

研究了合金元素对双相不锈钢2101耐点蚀性能的影响规律。结果显示,2101系列合金的浸泡点蚀腐蚀速率在1.9～7.0 g/（m^2.h）之间,与304不锈钢在同一数量级;Mo是提高2101系双相不锈钢耐腐蚀性的关键元素,而N对耐腐蚀性的影响不大;点蚀起源和Thermo-Calc计算结果显示2101成分体系中,铁素体相是耐点蚀性较弱相,提高铁素体相耐蚀性是提高合金整体耐蚀性的关键;当Cr含量固定在21.5%时,Mo作为铁素体形成元素将在铁素体相中富集,提高铁素体相的耐点蚀性能,从而提高合金整体耐蚀性。     

Strength and fatigue properties in medium carbon duplex steels

The effect of microstructure on strength and fatigue properties has been investigated in two medium carbon alloy steels (BS 817M40 and BS 835M30) by developing dual-phase, ferritic-martensitic microstructures. Hardness-strength relationships and fatigue resistance at comparatively high strength levels were investigated by producing various microstructures. Conventional quenching and tempering, intercritical annealing and step quenching were used to vary the proportion, morphology and distribution of the ferrite and martensite phases. The results of the present study show that both hardness and strength increase with increasing proportion of martensite and/or hardness of the second phase. The relationship between hardness or strength and martensite percent is not in good agreement with a simple “law of mixtures” but is compatible with a more rapid strength increase at high martensite contents. The dual phase microstructures from the present study show superior near threshold ΔK_TH values than normal tempered martensite. The results also show a high degree of correlation between Paris equation m values and fracture toughness K_IC, showing that for high m values K_IC is low and vice versa. The present experiments show that although crack initiation resistance in dual-phase steels is excellent crack propagation rates are higher than in quenched and tempered microstructures for a given ΔK.     

The lightweights start to attract wider audiences

Time and temperature are critical factors in getting the best from aluminium foams made by powder metallurgy…     

单宁酸复配缓蚀剂的成膜特性及缓蚀性

单宁酸由于环保、价格低的特点在金属保护方面应用广泛,然而单一利用单宁酸作为缓蚀剂取得的效果有限,有研究表明盐类与缓蚀剂复配可以改善缓蚀剂的缓蚀效果。在此基础上进行单宁酸复配缓蚀剂的研究,采用两种复配剂氯化铁、钼酸钠分别与单宁酸（TA）缓蚀剂进行复配,研究其对碳钢Q235的缓蚀效果。通过硫酸铜点滴实验、浸泡实验、电化学实验对比氯化铁、钼酸钠分别与单宁酸复配后在碳钢表面的成膜特性及缓蚀效果。硫酸铜点滴液变色时间随着单宁酸中氯化铁和钼酸钠两种化合物浓度的升高出现先增加后降低的趋势;浸泡实验可以看出在单宁酸中加入氯化铁和钼酸钠后,碳钢表面仅出现个别点蚀坑;根据电化学测试结果,对比加入氯化铁前后单宁酸缓蚀剂对碳钢的缓蚀效果,发现两者的电荷转移电阻由2698变为3711 Ω·cm2,腐蚀电流密度由2.734降为1.902 μA·cm?2。加入钼酸钠后,电荷转移电阻和腐蚀电流密度存在明显的增加与下降,电荷转移电阻由2698变为5100 Ω·cm2,腐蚀电流密度由2.734降为0.714 μA·cm?2。在单宁酸中添加氯化铁和钼酸钠都能改善单宁酸的缓蚀效果,其中单宁酸与钼酸钠复配的缓蚀效果更好。      

单宁酸复配缓蚀剂的成膜特性及缓蚀性

单宁酸由于环保、价格低的特点在金属保护方面应用广泛,然而单一利用单宁酸作为缓蚀剂取得的效果有限,有研究表明盐类与缓蚀剂复配可以改善缓蚀剂的缓蚀效果.在此基础上进行单宁酸复配缓蚀剂的研究,采用两种复配剂氯化铁、钼酸钠分别与单宁酸(TA)缓蚀剂进行复配,研究其对碳钢Q235的缓蚀效果.通过硫酸铜点滴实验、浸泡实验、电化学实验对比氯化铁、钼酸钠分别与单宁酸复配后在碳钢表面的成膜特性及缓蚀效果.硫酸铜点滴液变色时间随着单宁酸中氯化铁和钼酸钠两种化合物浓度的升高出现先增加后降低的趋势;浸泡实验可以看出在单宁酸中加入氯化铁和钼酸钠后,碳钢表面仅出现个别点蚀坑;根据电化学测试结果,对比加入氯化铁前后单宁酸缓蚀剂对碳钢的缓蚀效果,发现两者的电荷转移电阻由2698变为3711Ω·cm2,腐蚀电流密度由2.734降为1.902μA·cm-2.加入钼酸钠后,电荷转移电阻和腐蚀电流密度存在明显的增加与下降,电荷转移电阻由2698变为5100Ω·cm2,腐蚀电流密度由2.734降为0.714μA·cm-2.在单宁酸中添加氯化铁和钼酸钠都能改善单宁酸的缓蚀效果,其中单宁酸与钼酸钠复配的缓蚀效果更好.     

Oxidation and corrosion resistance of TiAl3 coatings

Titanium aluminides based on TiAl, TiAl₃ and Ti₃Al are potential materials for high temperature aerospace applications. Their low density, high temperature creep resistance, high temperature strength and high oxidation resistance make them excellent coating materials. However these coatings are likely to be subjected to high temperature and corrosive environments during service. Hence it is aimed to study the oxidation and corrosion resistance of TiAl₃ coatings on various types of substrates. In the present work, TiAl₃ is coated on high speed steel, stainless steel 304, stainless steel 316, copper and aluminum substrates by physical vapor deposition technique. X-ray diffraction analysis confirms the presence of TiAl₃ phase. The hardness studies reveal that better hardness can be achieved with thick coatings. The oxidation behavior of the coatings is studied by carrying out step stress experiments at elevated temperatures. Coated samples are heated up from 400°C in the steps of 100°C for 1h in each step to 1000°C. The mass gain caused by oxidation was determined. The oxidation curve drawn as a function of mass gain versus temperature reveals that TiAl₃ film started to oxidize above 800°C, where as oxidation of the uncoated substrates began at a much lower temperature of 550°C. The excellent oxidation resistance of the coatings can be attributed to the formation of an amorphous Al₂O₃ film. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and EDAX analysis confirm the presence of an amorphous Al₂O₃ film. The corrosion behavior of TiAl₃ coatings are investigated by the polarization resistance experiments in NaCl aqueous solution at ambient temperature. According to the Tafel plot analysis, the coatings show lower corrosion rate than the untreated substrates. The major corrosion in the coatings arose from electrolyte penetration into the pores of the coatings. In fact, a dense coating showed a high corrosion resistance in an aqueous medium.