Y2O3液相掺杂ZrO2粉体的制备及其特性

用一种新的液相掺杂技术制备Y2O3的ZrO2纳米粉体,在水－乙醇溶剂中,干燥由硝酸铝,硝酸钇和单斜相氧化锆粉体组成的悬浮液,然后在600℃热分解,可以制备出粒度小于100nm的Y2O3掺杂单斜相ZrO2粉体,这种粉体可以在0．1Pa的真空中,经1450℃热压烧结成致密化Y－TZP材料,此材料的断裂韧性（KIC)为9．9MPa.m^1/2,Vickers硬度（HV100N）为11．720GPa。     

添加剂对3Y-TZP材料烧结行为及力学性能的影响

在3Y－TZP（tetragonal zirconia polycrystals stabilized,3% Y2O3，摩尔分数）中，采用CAS（CaO-Al2O3-SiO2)玻璃粉料为添加剂，使材料在较低的温度下烧结致密，并具有较好的力学性能，发现液相烧结是使试样的烧结温度显著降低的主要原因。探讨了添加剂对试样的烧结特性及力学性能的影响。与加入LAS添加剂的试样相比，CAS试样的抗弯强度好高，而断裂韧性要差，分析了造成这种力学性能的原因。     

Y2O3加入方式对Y-TZP材料结构与性能的影响

研究了采用机械混合和化学共沉淀两种方式引入Y2O3对Y－TZP材料结构与性能的影响。研究表明,虽然机械混合引入Y2O3制备的Y－TZP材料因产生双晶结构并伴生气孔,使材料的强度有所降低,但因其形成ZrO2晶粒中Y2O3含量外高内低的“核”结构,使其韧性和抗低温老化性能较共沉淀法引入Y2O3制备的Y－TZP材料明显提高。     

Y-TZP/玻璃复相牙科全瓷材料的烧结与性能

在Y－TZP中加入五种不同比例的玻璃相，干压成型后在三种温度下烧结，观察材料的体积密谋、抗弯强度及微观形貌。结果表明，玻璃相含量为5wt%的复相材料1400℃烧结，抗弯强度高，微观形态分布均匀；玻璃相对材料烧结温度和性能有明显影响，既要有效低烧结温度，又具有优良的力学性能，才是最佳之选择。     

TZP用作陶瓷人工关节材料的研究

利用ZrO2增韧陶瓷主要靠四方相ZrO2(t-ZrO2)转变成单斜相（m-ZrO2)的马氏体相变来实现增韧的。本文研究了Y2O3和CeO2共同稳定四方ZrO2(TZP)制备工艺,并加入一定量的Al2O3,阻止ZrO2晶粒长大,提高材料强度。实验结果表明,经烧成的样品ZrO2的相组成为t-ZrO2,晶粒粒径＜1μm样品的抗折强度和断裂韧性均有提高,可以用作增韧人工关节材料。     

热压烧结制备纳米Y-TZP材料形貌及结构的分析

研究分析了热压烧结纳米ZrO2(3Y)粉体制备的Y－TZP材料的形貌和结构。结果发现：热压烧结制备纳米Y－TZP材料有很多新的特点,最明显的包括所得样品侧面内凹、断口轴向大气孔呈梯度分布。研究结果还表明：侧面内凹的现象主要是由于纳米粉体颗粒小、比表面能大而烧结所引起的。样品断口大气孔从外向内呈梯度分布的现象不是由样品内外压差或温差造成的,而是由于样品各部分塑性滑移不均匀的结果。     

超细粉注浆成形制备Y—TZP

对用超细ZrO2粉体制制备料浆进行了研究，调制出流动性良好的ZrO2料浆，注浆生坯密度最大可达3．15g/cm^2，研究了料浆调制过程对坯体烧结性能的影响；注浆坯体在1600℃烧结得到接近致密的TZP材料。     

TZP(Al_2O_3)质泡沫陶瓷过滤器

研究了TZP（A12O3）材质泡沫陶瓷过滤器的制备工艺。结果表明，泡沫陶瓷过滤器的烧结滞后于普遍压制成型的试块，于1550℃左右烧成的过滤器强度可达1．5MPa；过滤器加热至1100℃保温数分钟空冷后，强度有回升现象。产生上述现象的机理有待于进一步分析。     

Y-TZP/Al_2O_3/Mo纳米复合材料的制备及其力学性能

纳米复相陶瓷材料是目前最接近于产业化的纳米陶瓷材料,已成为国际研究热点。添加金属第二相有可能同时提高纳米复相陶瓷材料的力学和摩擦学性能。为此,在钇稳定多晶氧化锆(yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals,Y–TZP)/Al2O3纳米陶瓷的基础上,用ZrO2–Y2O3–Al2O3纳米复合粉体和金属Mo粉采用热压烧结的方法成功制备了Y–TZP/Al2O3/Mo纳米陶瓷–金属复合材料。研究了Mo含量对材料显微结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明:复合材料结构主要由晶界型、晶内型和纳米–纳米型3种类型的混合型组成,这种结构使材料具有非常高的断裂韧性,在Mo的质量分数为60%时,断裂韧性可达20.8MPa·m1/2。     

一步水热法合成具有良好磁性的γ-Fe_2O_3

本文介绍了一种一步合成γ－Fe_2O_3的水热合成法。用这种方法合成出的纳米粉可以用作磁记录材料。产物用XRD、TEM进行了物相、形貌的测定，并对磁性能进行了测试。结果表明，产物是γ－Fe_2O_3为主的含Fe_3O_4的混合物。平均粒径可用实验条件控制在10－30nm之间。主要磁性能：比饱和磁化强度σs＝80．0emu／g，矫顽力Hc=210Oe。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.