氢燃料电池汽车新进展

本文介绍了国外燃料电池汽车发展的最新情况,包括各国政府发展燃料电池汽车的规划和各大汽车生产厂商推出的最新车型;燃料电池汽车在国内的发展近况及较大的示范活动;中国政府对发展燃料电池汽车的规划和展望。     

燃料电池在车辆中应用的技术难关

近年来,人们对能源匮乏和环境污染问题日益重视,使得燃料电池汽车的研究开发成为汽车行业的热点。阐述了燃料电池汽车的结构及质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)是燃料电池汽车动力源的首选;对燃料电池汽车目前存在的技术难关及发展形势进行了综述。最后,预测随着燃料电池技术的进步,燃料电池最终将完全取代内燃机成为车辆动力装置。     

氢燃料电池汽车技术、经济、环境研究现状及展望

氢燃料电池汽车是指以氢气为燃料,装有基于燃料电池的系统,通过燃料与抗氧化化学能的电化学反应产生电流,依靠电机驱动的汽车。相比于传统的内燃机汽车,氢燃料电池汽车具有高效率,零排放、低噪音、里程长和加注快等不可比拟的优势。本文梳理了现有文献中氢燃料电池汽车的研究现状,对氢燃料电池汽车从技术瓶颈、经济效益、环境影响三个纬度进行了评估,从技术-经济-环境三个层面对氢燃料电池汽车的研究进行了展望,并提出了未来的主要研究方向。     

氢燃料电池汽车优势明显

<正>未来,氢燃料电池汽车发展会快于动力电池汽车。一方面是因为动力电池汽车为氢燃料电池汽车推广提供了良好行业基础;另一方面是因为氢燃料电池汽车产业发展态势远比电动汽车好,政策、技术、资金、人才等优势不断积聚,氢燃料     

“双碳”目标下燃料电池汽车产业发展思考

燃料电池汽车作为新能源汽车的重要发展方向之一,是我国汽车产业转型升级发展的必然趋势,也是实现“双碳”目标的重要路径之一。开展燃料电池汽车产业发展现状研究,对于推动行业高质量发展、加快燃料电池汽车产业快速市场化具有重要意义。系统梳理了国内外主要国家和地区燃料电池汽车发展战略和燃料电池汽车产业发展现状,分析燃料电池汽车发展过程中面临的问题,以问题为导向,提出下一步产业发展的对策及建议。     

上海应用氢燃料电池汽车情况

正上海是我国最早应用氢燃料电池汽车的城市之一,氢气制备、储运、应用等环节均位于全国前列,已初步形成以嘉定为核心的燃料电池汽车研发、以临港为核心的燃料电池汽车     

国内外燃料电池汽车示范与应用情况综述

国内外政府和企业加大了对燃料电池汽车企业的投入,使燃料电池汽车技术越来越接近商业化目标,而且可再生能源制氢和加氢站技术也开始受到关注。本文对国内外燃料电池汽车的政策、技术和示范的最新进展进行了介绍。     

我国燃料电池汽车及用氢发展现状浅析

对我国燃料电池汽车及氢能应用发展现状进行概要阐述,通过对我国燃料电池汽车整车、材料、整车环境、氢能技术路线的研究分析,总结近10年来我国新能源汽车及氢能的发展经验,结合国外主要汽车生产国家的实际情况与举措,阐述大力发展燃料电池汽车对我国能源和环境可持续发展的重要意义。     

中国要在氢燃料电池汽车的研发方面加把劲

正目前我国在氢燃料电池汽车技术的发展方面与国外还存在着明显的差距。为了缩短这种差距,《中国制造2025》确定了我国氢燃料电池汽车技术的发展目标和方向。国外氢燃料电池汽车的续航里程已经实现了500～700km,水平已经超过《中国制造2025》中实现500km的目标要求。国外的氢燃料电池汽车现阶段的发展水平是中国2025年要实现的发展目标。     

新能源第二条战线:中国氢燃料电池掉队

<正>中国电动车正在退烧,欧美日车企已经对氢燃料电池汽车热度不断升温,而这一次我们又掉队了。1月24日,宝马与丰田联盟,计划到2020年联合生产一款氢燃料电池汽车。4天后戴姆勒、福特和日产汽车也宣布在2017年之前共同推出一款氢燃料电池汽车。预期激烈的竞争前     

An air-cooled proton exchange membrane fuel cell with combined oxidant and coolant flow

Combining the oxidant and coolant flow in an air-cooled proton exchange membrane fuel cell can significantly simplify the fuel cell design. In this paper, an air-cooled PEM fuel cell stack with an open cathode flow field, which supplied the oxidant and removed the heat produced in the fuel cell, was fabricated and tested. The influence of different operating parameters on cell voltage performance and the overall cell ohmic resistance, such as cell temperature and airflow rate, was investigated. The cell temperature and the temperature difference between the cell and the hydrogen humidifier were shown to serve important roles in reducing the fuel cell ohmic resistance. The test results also showed a noteworthy temperature gradient between each cell of a 5-cell stack. A hydrophilic treatment of the cathode flow field channels was demonstrated to be an effective way to mitigate water management issues caused at elevated operating temperatures.     

新型非晶硅太阳电池

论述了新型非晶硅太阳电池的发展，介绍了See-Through Amorton半透明太阳电池、a-Sic激活层半透明太阳电池，弱光太阳电池，不透明柔性衬底太阳电池，透明柔性衬底太阳电池及导电聚合物柔性衬底太阳电池的特性，并且介绍了国内新型非晶硅太阳电池的研究成果及应用。     

GaAs/Ge solar cell AC parameters at different temperatures

The AC parameters of Gallium Arsenide (GaAs/Ge) solar cell were measured at different cell temperatures (198–348 K) by varying the cell bias voltage (forward and reverse) under dark condition using impedance spectroscopy technique. It was found that the cell capacitance increases with the cell temperature where as the cell resistance decreases, at any bias voltage. The measured cell parameters were used to calculate the intrinsic concentration of electron–hole pair, cell material relative permittivity and its band gap energy. The diode factor and the cell dynamic resistance at the corresponding maximum power point decrease with the cell temperature.     

Silicon (BSFR) solar cell AC parameters at different temperatures

The AC parameters of back surface field refiected (BSFR) silicon solar cell are measured at different cell temperatures (198–348 K) both in forward and reverse bias under dark condition using impedance spectroscopy technique. It is found that cell capacitance increases with temperature whereas cell resistance decreases, in forward bias voltage. Beyond maximum power point voltage, the cell inductance (0.28 μH) is measured, as the inductive reactance is comparable with cell series resistance. The measured cell parameters (cell capacitance, dynamic resistance, etc) are used to calculate the mean carrier lifetime and diode factor at different cell temperatures.     

船用燃料电池动力推进技术应用研究

燃料电池船舶电力推进技术是绿色船舶发展的重要方向,为拓展燃料电池技术在船舶领域内的应用,针对船用燃料电池电力推进系统开展相关研究。介绍了具有应用前景的两种燃料电池(质子交换膜燃料电池和固体氧化物燃料电池)的工作原理,基于船用燃料电池示范工程项目的分析,全面回顾和总结了燃料电池在船舶领域的研究现状和应用前景,并重点分析船用燃料电池电力推进系统的几种供电模式。基于大型远洋船舶的特点和燃料电池技术的现状,探讨了其运用的可行性和未来的突破方向。     

Some issues on performance analysis of fuel cells in thermodynamic point of view

In order to develop a new fuel cell and/or to enhance fuel cell performance, it is very important to understand clearly what the real performance of a fuel cell is. However, some important issues for the assessment of a fuel cell performance still require additional considerations. For example, the performance of a fuel cell is generally described based on an isothermal condition in spite of the non-uniform cell temperature distributions under real operating conditions. For this purpose, a formulation for the performance of a fuel cell operating at an isentropic condition (e.g., non-uniform cell temperature) is introduced in this study and compared with a reversible isothermal case (e.g., uniform cell temperature). Also, it is necessary to reveal the real difference in the performance of a fuel cell and a heat engine. Understanding of the purpose of the hybridization of a fuel cell with a heat engine is another important issue. In the present study, issues related to the performance of a fuel cell are considered from a thermodynamic point of view.     

Analysis of a solid oxide fuel cell and a molten carbonate fuel cell integrated system with different configurations

A solid oxide fuel cell with internal reforming operation is run at partial fuel utilization; thus, the remaining fuel can be further used for producing additional power. In addition, the exhaust gas of a solid oxide fuel cell still contains carbon dioxide, which is the primary greenhouse gas, and identifying a way to utilize this carbon dioxide is important. Integrating the solid oxide fuel cell with the molten carbonate fuel cell is a potential solution for carbon dioxide utilization. In this study, the performance of the integrated fuel cell system is analyzed. The solid oxide fuel cell is the main power generator, and the molten carbonate fuel cell is regarded as a carbon dioxide concentrator that produces electricity as a by-product. Modeling of the solid oxide fuel cell and the molten carbonate fuel cell is based on one-dimensional mass balance, considering all cell voltage losses. Primary operating conditions of the integrated fuel cell system that affect the system efficiencies in terms of power generation and carbon dioxide utilization are studied, and the optimal operating parameters are identified based on these criteria. Various configurations of the integrated fuel cell system are proposed and compared to determine the suitable design of the integrated fuel cell system.     

A 100-W class regenerative fuel cell system for lunar and planetary missions

The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) is developing polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) systems that can be operated under isolated low-gravity and closed environments. In the present study, we combine the PEFC with an electrolyzer in order to realize a regenerative fuel cell. Ideally, if a single cell can be operated as a fuel cell and the cell can be made reversible through the electrolysis reaction, then compact, lightweight regenerative fuel cell systems can be realized. A unitized regenerative fuel cell was prepared, and its operability was demonstrated. During 100-W class operations, a stable fuel cell and electrolysis reaction was observed.     

The analysis for the efficiency properties of the fuel cell engine

In this paper, the efficiency properties of the single fuel cell and the fuel cell stack have been analyzed theoretically, and the efficiency models of the fuel cell stack and fuel cell engine (FCE) are developed. Through experimental studies, we analyze the relationships between (1) the efficiency of the fuel cell stack and its current, (2) the efficiency of the fuel cell stack and its power, (3) the efficiency of the fuel cell stack and the hydrogen consumption ratio, (4) the efficiency of the FCE and the fuel cell stack current, (5) the efficiency of the FCE and its power, and (6) the efficiency of the FCE and the hydrogen consumption ratio. The factors which affect the efficiency of the fuel cell stack and that of the FCE are discussed. Finally, the efficiency models of the fuel cell stack and the FCE discussed in this paper are verified by test data. The results show that the simulation values fit well with the test data, and they can be applied in the fuel cell vehicle simulation studies.     

Maintaining equal operating conditions for all cells in a fuel cell stack using an external flow distributor

This paper presents a novel fuel cell stack architecture that allows each fuel cell to work at the same condition, maintaining the same performance from each individual cell and creating a maximum power output from the cell stack. A fuel cell stack having four PEM fuel cells was fabricated to experimentally compare its performance when fuel and air supplying/distribution schemes are different. The performance of the fuel cell stack and individual cells in the stack is measured to achieve a detailed evaluation of the effect of the different fuel and air supplying schemes. Experimental data shows that non-uniform flow distribution to individual cells has a considerable influence on individual cell performance, which affects the power output of the fuel cell stack. The fuel cell stack with the novel approach of fuel and air feeding shows a better power output performance compared to a different fuel and air feeding approach to the fuel cell stack.