基于两向设计地震动的二维自由场构建

针对在设计地震动基础上构建平面半空间自由场的问题,在综合考虑水平向与竖直向设计地震动基础上获得平面半空间自由场,实现了将设计地震动与以任意角度组合入射的P波、SV波构成的自由场相联系。首先在已有成果的基础上,研究了以任意角度入射情况下P波及其反射波、SV波及其反射波对水平向和竖直向设计地震动的贡献;然后在假设入射P波、SV波与两向设计地震动具有相同频率组成的基础上,获得了以特定角度组合入射条件下P波、SV波的频谱和相位信息;进而通过傅里叶逆变换获得入射P波、SV波的时间序列;最后依据P波、SV波及其反射波在平面半空间的传播情况获得自由场条件下平面半空间内任意点的水平向和竖直向地震动。该文所采用的波场构建方法可实现对包含任意频谱和相位信息的两向设计地震动所对应的平面半空间自由场的构建,所获得的斜入射P波和SV波也具有各自的频谱和相位信息。最终得到的平面半空间自由场任意点水平向和竖直向地震动时间序列具有非一致性;根据入射P波、SV波结合地基边界条件确定的空间点地震动时间序列可用于结构的非一致地震动输入。     

Exact solution for scalar diffraction between tilted and translated planes using impulse functions over a surface

The diffraction relation between a plane and another plane that is both tilted and translated with respect to the first one is revisited. The derivation of the result becomes easier when the impulse function over a surface is used as a tool. Such an approach converts the original 2D problem to an intermediate 3D problem and thus allows utilization of easy-to-interpret Fourier transform properties due to rotation and translation. An exact solution for the scalar monochromatic propagating waves case when the propagation direction is restricted to be in the forward direction is presented.     

Properties of interdigital transducers in relation to the substratecrystal symmetry

Exclusively from the crystal symmetry, we obtain results concerning properties of interdigital transducers radiating Rayleigh waves along high-symmetrical crystal directions. Three cases of high-symmetrical directions are considered: the propagation direction is parallel to a rotation axis, perpendicular to a mirror plane, or parallel to a rotoinversion axis of the substrate crystal. In respect to the symmetry properties of the piezoelectric tensor related to a mirror operation on a plane perpendicular to the propagation direction, the three original cases can be concentrated in three symmetry cases. The crystal symmetry determines the properties of the piezoelectric tensor, and consequently the wave excitation by transducers. These considerations enable one to ascertain the positions of the transduction centers and the influence of internal reflections to the amplitude characteristics. Furthermore, we are able to discuss natural single-phase unidirectional transducer (NSPUDT) effects in layer structures, the old question “crossed-field or in-line model”, and the existence of cross-coupling of waves, similar to multistrip couplers, in interdigital transducers (IDTs). The theoretical predictions are compared with our own and other authors' experimental results     

Interpretation of parallel pumping experiments near the magnetoelastic interaction region

A general method for the calculation of parallel pump instability thresholds of magnetoelastic waves is presented. The analysis takes into account variation in direction of applied field and propagation vector in the crystal lattice, and the effects of magnetoelastic anisotropy are included. It is found that variation in the direction of propagation is expected to modify the shape of experimentally observed phonon pips, and experimental results are presented in accordance with this view. The values obtained for elasticQfactors using this interpretation of the data are considerably lower than those obtained under the usual assumption of propagation in the plane normal to the steady field. An estimate is made of the influence of small elastic anisotropy on the observed line shape.     

Evaluation method of TiO2-SiO2 ultra-low-expansion glasses with periodic striae using the LFB ultrasonic material characterization system.

Experimental procedures and standard specimens for characterizing and evaluating TiO2-SiO2 ultra-low expansion glasses with periodic striae using the line-focus-beam (LFB) ultrasonic material characterization system are discussed. Two types of specimens were prepared, with specimen surfaces parallel and perpendicular to the striae plane using two different grades of glass ingots. The inhomogeneities of each of the specimens were evaluated at 225 MHz. It was clarified that parallel specimens are useful for accurately measuring velocity variations of leaky surface acoustic waves (LSAWs) excited on a water-loaded specimen surface associated with the striae. Perpendicular specimens are useful for obtaining periodicities in the striae for LSAW propagation perpendicular to the striae plane on a surface and for precisely measuring averaged velocities for LSAW propagation parallel to the striae plane. The standard velocity of Rayleigh-type LSAWs traveling parallel to the striae plane for the perpendicular specimens was numerically calculated using the measured velocities of longitudinal and shear waves and density. Consequently, a reliable standard specimen with an LSAW velocity of 3308.18 +/- 0.35 m/s at 23 degrees C and its temperature coefficient of 0.39 (m/s)/degrees C was obtained for a TiO2-SiO2 glass with a TiO2 concentration of 7.09 wt%. A basis for the striae analysis using this ultrasonic method was established.     

A Formal Representation of Abbe's Theory of Microscopic Image Formation

The theory of image generation for systems with coherent wave propagation is formally represented using the mathematical methods of Fourier optics. Abbe's theory of constructing the secondary image (the image conjugate to the object) by coherent superposition of the waves originating from the primary image (at the back focal plane of the system for plane wave illumination) is shown to be included within the general Fourier optical treatment of optical transfer systems.     

频谱分析法在测量封闭式制冷压缩机转速中的应用

采用频谱分析法测量封闭式压缩机的实际转速:通过电流互感器将变频器输出端电流信号转变成电压信号,对该电压信号进行数据采集并进行快速傅立叶变换获得定子电流的激磁分量频率和转子电流在定子电流中的反馈"负载分量"的频率,根据这两个频率计算出封闭式压缩机的实际转速.由于受外界磁场和噪声等的干扰,对所采集到的数据进行低通滤波处理.     

Improved method for computing of light-matter interaction in multilayer corrugated structures

An improved method for the calculation of light-matter interaction that appears with the light propagation through multilayer periodically corrugated structures consisting of any dielectric or absorptive media is reported. The method is based on the differential formalism for a system of Maxwell's equations when the boundary conditions are simplified by the introduction of a curvilinear nonorthogonal coordinate system. The solution for electromagnetic fields was written in the form of the superposition of partial plane waves. The obtained method essentially reduces computation time and increases accuracy compared with the Chandezon method. For a numerical demonstration of the proposed method, calculation of long-range surface plasmon polaritons was performed. The presented method can be enhanced for calculations of light propagation through thin absorptive films with various periodic profiles at both film interfaces.     

Evaluation method of TiO/sub 2/-SiO/sub 2/ ultra-low-expansion glasses with periodic striae using the LFB ultrasonic material characterization system

Experimental procedures and standard specimens for characterizing and evaluating TiO/sub 2/-SiO/sub 2/ ultralow expansion glasses with periodic striae using the line-focus-beam (LFB) ultrasonic material characterization system are discussed. Two types of specimens were prepared, with specimen surfaces parallel and perpendicular to the striae plane using two different grades of glass ingots. The inhomogeneities of each of the specimens were evaluated at 225 MHz. It was clarified that parallel specimens are useful for accurately measuring velocity variations of leaky surface acoustic waves (LSAWs) excited on a water-loaded specimen surface associated with the striae. Perpendicular specimens are useful for obtaining periodicities in the striae for LSAW propagation perpendicular to the striae plane on a surface and for precisely measuring averaged velocities for LSAW propagation parallel to the striae plane. The standard velocity of Rayleigh-type LSAWs traveling parallel to the striae plane for the perpendicular specimens was numerically calculated using the measured velocities of longitudinal and shear waves and density. Consequently, a reliable standard specimen with an LSAW velocity of 3308.18 /spl plusmn/ 0.35 m/s at 23/spl deg/C and its temperature coefficient of 0.39 (m/s)//spl deg/C was obtained for a TiO/sub 2/-SiO/sub 2/ glass with a TiO/sub 2/ concentration of 7.09 wt%. A basis for the striae analysis using this ultrasonic method was established.     

Three-dimensional angle measurement based on propagation vector analysis of digital holography

We propose what we believe to be a novel method for highly accurate three-dimensional (3D) angle measurement based on propagation vector analysis of digital holography. Three-dimensional rotations in space can be achieved by use of a CCD camera and a multifacet object, which reflects an incident wave into different directions. The propagation vectors of the reflected waves from the object can be extracted by analyzing the object spectrum of the recorded hologram. Any small rotation of the object will induce a change in the propagation vectors in space, which can then be used for 3D angle measurement. Experimental results are presented to verify the idea.     

Propagation of inhomogeneous plane waves in anisotropic viscoelastic media

A new technique is explained to study the propagation of inhomogeneous waves in a general anisotropic medium. The harmonic plane waves are considered in a viscoelastic anisotropic medium. The complex slowness vector is decomposed into propagation vector and attenuation vector for the given directions of propagation and attenuation of waves in an unbounded medium. The attenuation is further separated into the contributions from homogeneous and inhomogeneous waves. A non-dimensional inhomogeneity parameter is defined to represent the deviation of an inhomogeneous wave from its homogeneous version. Such a partition of slowness vector of a plane wave is obtained with the help of an algebraic method for solving a cubic equation and a numerical method for solving a real transcendental equation. Derived specifications enable to study the 3D propagation of inhomogeneous plane waves in a viscoelastic medium of arbitrary anisotropy. The whole procedure is wave-specific and obtains the propagation characteristics for each of the three inhomogeneous waves in the anisotropic medium. Numerical examples analyze the variations in propagation characteristics of each of the three waves with propagation direction and inhomogeneity strength.     

Harmonic wave propagation in viscoelastic heterogeneous materials Part I: Dispersion and damping relations

An analytico-numerical method is presented to study the propagation of plane harmonic waves in infinite periodic linear viscoelastic media. Part I considers only the dispersion and attenuation of acoustical longitudinal and shear waves. To show the accuracy of the method, examples of plane harmonic wave propagation in an infinite homogeneous medium and in a periodic layered viscoelastic medium are presented. The method is then used to calculate the damping and dispersion relations for a fibre-reinforced viscoelastic composite material. The results show clearly the influence of materials' viscoelastic properties and heterogeneities on the propagation of plane harmonic waves through the media.     

Reformulation of the fourier modal method for surface-relief gratings made with anisotropic materials

Abstract

By the use of the correct Fourier factorization rules presented in an earlier paper by Li the Fourier modal method (FMM) for anisotropic surface-relief gratings is reformulated. The newly formulated FMM converges much faster than the old formulation when the permittivity contrast in the grating groove region is large. Highly conducting lamellar gratings coated with anisotropic materials can now be analysed easily. In addition, a simple set of criteria are given for determining the energy propagation directions of the plane waves associated with the real solutions of the Booker quartic.     

Acoustic and elastic scattering by continuously stratified media

Acoustic and elastic wave propagation is considered in continuously stratified layers. Upon Fourier transformation, the analysis is developed for time-harmonic waves. Acoustic waves are eventually taken to be described by a one-dimensional Helmholtz equation which is shown to be equivalent to a Volterra integral equation. This allows a natural application of the method of successive approximations to initial-value problems. A fundamental system of solutions so obtained is then applied to the investigation of the reflection–transmission process produced by an obliquely incident plane wave impinging on a layer which suffers from jump discontinuities of the material parameters. The reflection and transmission coefficients are determined. For definiteness, the low-frequency limits and the particular case of homogeneous layers are examined in detail. The whole procedure, with an appropriate setting, is then applied to the equation for elastic waves.     

Non-diffracting beams with controlled spatial coherence

We investigate the propagation properties of partially coherent non-diffracting beams. They are obtained as a superposition of plane waves possessing a single radial frequency and interfering with controlled angular correlation. The theoretical model is adapted to the experiments based on the use of the Fourier spatial filter illuminated by the Gaussian shell-model source. As an example, the influence of the partial coherence on the intensity distribution and phase properties of optical vortices is examined.     

Role of evanescent waves in power calculations for counterpropagating beams

A general expression is obtained for the time-average power passing through a plane transverse to the direction of propagation for two counterpropagating electromagnetic beams. Each beam is represented by its plane-wave spectrum, which contains both propagating and evanescent plane waves. The expression clearly shows that, under certain conditions, the evanescent plane waves contribute to the time-average power passing through the plane. This is in contrast to the case of a single electromagnetic beam, in which only the propagating plane waves contribute to the time-average power passing through the plane. The utility of the expression is demonstrated with a practical example: a line current placed over a dielectric slab. Here the counterpropagating beams are the incident and reflected fields in the region between the current and the slab. The expression is applied to a plane in this region, and it is used to determine the time-average power associated with the evanescent waves passing through this plane. This power is then shown to be equal to the time-average power carried by the guided modes of the slab.     

Electromagnetic waves in a magnetogyrotropic chiral medium

The propagation of electromagnetic waves in a magnetogyrotropic medium possessing chiral properties has been theoretically studied. Dispersion relations for the eigenmodes in such a medium are obtained and conditions necessary to realize a negative refractive index are established. The transmission of waves through a plane-parallel chiral plate is analyzed. A change in the polarization plane rotation with allowance for a dissipation in this system is determined.     

Acoustoelastic effect in stressed heterostructures

Mechanical stresses influence the phase velocity of acoustic waves, known as the AE (acoustoelastic) effect. In order to calculate the AE effect of biaxially stressed layered systems, we extended the transfer matrix method for acoustic wave propagation by considering the change of the density, the influence of residual stress, and the modification of the elastic stiffness tensor by residual strain and by third-order constants. The generalized method is applied to the calculation of the angular dispersion of the AE effect for transverse bulk modes and surface acoustic waves on Ge(001). Our calculations reveal that the AE effect significantly depends on the propagation direction and can even change sign. The maximal velocity change occurs for transversally polarized waves propagating parallel to the [110] direction. For the layered Ge/Si(001) system, the AE effect is investigated for Love modes propagating in the [100] and [110] directions. The AE effect increases rapidly with increasing layer thickness and almost reaches its maximal value when the wave still penetrates into the unstressed substrate     

Electro-magneto-thermo-visco-elastic Plane Waves in Rotating Media with Thermal Relaxation

A study is made of the propagation of plane electro-magneto-thermo-visco-elastic harmonic waves in an unbounded isotropic conducting visco-elastic medium of Kelvin–Voigt type permeated by a primary uniform magnetic field when the entire medium rotates with a uniform angular velocity. The thermal relaxation time of heat conduction, the electric displacement current, the coupling between heat flow density and current density, and that between the temperature gradient and the electric current are included in the analysis. A more general dispersion relation is obtained to determine the effects of rotation, thermal relaxation time, visco-elastic parameters, and the external magnetic field on the phase velocity of the waves. Perturbation techniques are used to study the influence of small magneto-elastic and thermo-elastic couplings on the phase velocity of the waves. Cases of low and high frequencies are also analyzed to determine the effect of rotation, visco-elastic parameters, thermo elastic and magneto-elastic coupling, as well as thermal relaxation time of heat conduction on the waves.     

Electro-magneto-thermo-elastic plane waves in rotating media with thermal relaxation

A study is made of the propagation of plane electro-magneto-thermo-elastic harmonic waves in an unbounded isotropic conducting medium permeated by a primary uniform magnetic field when the entire medium rotates with a uniform angular velocity. The thermal relaxation time of heat conduction, the electric displacement current, the coupling between heat flow density and current density and that between the temperature gradient and the electric current are included in the analysis. A more general dispersion relation is obtained to determine the effects of rotation, relaxation time and the external magnetic field on the phase velocity of the waves. Perturbation techniques are used to study the influence of small magneto-elastic and thermo-elastic couplings on the phase velocity of the waves. Cases of low and high frequencies are also studied to determine the effect of rotation, thermoelastic and magneto-elastic couplings on the waves.