一类不确定离散时间系统的积分滑模控制

针对一类同时存在匹配和非匹配不确定性的离散时间系统,提出一种基于幂次函数的离散积分滑模控制方法.理论分析表明,所提出的方法可以消除离散积分滑模控制系统的抖振,而且能够保证对系统的匹配和非匹配不确定性具有强鲁棒性.在系统不确定性的界未知的情况下,通过引入一步延时干扰估计完成了控制器的设计,并给出了闭环系统稳定性证明.仿真结果验证了所提出方法的有效性.     

非匹配不确定离散系统的无抖振积分滑模控制

针对一类非匹配不确定离散系统, 设计一种无抖振离散积分滑模控制器. 为了抑制非匹配不确定性对系统的影响, 采用线性矩阵不等式方法设计一种新型的切换函数和对应的滑模控制律, 并证明了闭环系统的Lyapunov 稳定性. 同时, 引入饱和函数设计控制器, 使系统状态在积分滑模面的某个小邻域内做准滑模运动, 并通过合理选择饱和函数的边界层厚度, 使控制信号不含任何抖振. 理论分析和数值仿真验证了所提出方法的有效性.

     

含状态时滞不确定性系统的全滑模控制

针对一类存在状态时滞的不确定性系统,研究了全滑模控制器的设计问题.为了加强和改善系统的稳定性,提出了一种构造积分滑模面的新方法,在传统积分滑模面的基础上增加时滞补偿项,使得整个响应过程对于满足匹配条件的不确定性具有完全的鲁棒性,能够消除趋近阶段,实现全滑模控制.系统地给出了全滑模控制器的设计过程,采用线性矩阵不等式(LMI)方法,给出并证明了滑动模态渐近稳定的充分条件.设计的滑模控制律保证了滑模的存在并能有效地克服不确定性的影响,从而实现了全局鲁棒滑模控制.对所提出的控制算法进行了数值仿真,结果表明了该方法的有效性和可行性.     

Buck变换器的改进型互补滑模控制

针对Buck变换器系统中存在匹配和不匹配干扰的问题, 本文提出了一种基于干扰观测器(DOB)的改进型互补滑模控制(CSMC)策略. 首先, 建立存在多重干扰的Buck变换器数学模型, 将模型改写为标准二阶积分型控制对象, 将式中干扰统一为匹配干扰和不匹配干扰. 其次, 设计2个DOB分别估计匹配干扰和不匹配干扰, 实现有限时间内跟踪干扰信号, 以抵消各种不确定性对系统的影响. 然后, 设计互补滑模面, 提出基于等效控制的改进型互补滑模控制律, 保留边界层内鲁棒性的同时, 提升控制器的动态性能, 减小静态误差, 拓宽边界层参数选择范围. 最后, 基于李雅普诺夫理论证明所提出控制器的稳定性. 数字仿真表明, 提出的改进型CSMC控制器结合DOB的总体控制方案能够有效抑制系统匹配和不匹配干扰, 同时获得更快的收敛速度以及更高的跟踪精度.     

电液位置伺服系统的多滑模神经网络控制

针对电液位置伺服系统存在的强非线性、控制增益未知和非匹配不确定性.通过引入神经网络和带饱和层的多滑模面,提出了一种多滑模神经网络控制方法.该方法运用神经网络的万能逼近特性和滑模控制优良的抗干扰特点,采用构造性方法设计控制器.运用光滑投影算法和积分李雅普诺夫技术,避免了参数漂移和控制器奇异问题.理论证明了系统跟踪误差收敛于任意设定的滑模面饱和层内.仿真实验表明了理论结果的有效性.     

伺服系统的滑模变结构控制器设计

伺服系统不确定性和离散指数趋近律造成系统的系统抖振,传统的PID控制方法难以实现系统对精度和稳定性的要求.为了提高控制系统的性能,提出滑模变结构控制问题.采用参数辨识法,分别获取被控对象在空载和满载模型,并将空载测试数据按二阶模型结构辨识得到被控对象近似模型,作为离散滑模控制器设计的标称模型,并采用自适应趋近律设计了离散滑模控制器,分别对被控对象的两个模型进行控制仿真.结果表明,离散滑模变结构控制器能够使伺服系统满足要求,对参数摄动和外部干扰具有较强的鲁棒性,提高了控制器性能,为设计提供了依据.     

基于动态控制分配的卫星姿态控制系统容错控制

针对卫星姿态控制系统执行机构故障情况下的姿态跟踪问题,研究了一种基于动态控制分配的容错控制方法。首先,考虑由卫星转动惯量不确定性与外界干扰组成复合干扰,设计了基于干扰观测器的反步姿态跟踪控制器,利用干扰观测器对复合干扰进行估计,并且采用李雅普诺夫方法分析了闭环系统的稳定性;其次,针对发生乘性执行机构故障的卫星姿态控制系统,设计了基于动态控制分配的容错控制方法,该方法无需对控制律进行调整,而是利用故障信息调整目标函数,通过动态控制分配方法实现容错控制。仿真结果表明,该方法能够在执行机构发生故障情况下有效完成姿态跟踪。     

基于动态控制分配的卫星姿态控制系统容错控制北大核心CSCD

针对卫星姿态控制系统执行机构故障情况下的姿态跟踪问题,研究了一种基于动态控制分配的容错控制方法。首先,考虑由卫星转动惯量不确定性与外界干扰组成复合干扰,设计了基于干扰观测器的反步姿态跟踪控制器,利用干扰观测器对复合干扰进行估计,并且采用李雅普诺夫方法分析了闭环系统的稳定性;其次,针对发生乘性执行机构故障的卫星姿态控制系统,设计了基于动态控制分配的容错控制方法,该方法无需对控制律进行调整,而是利用故障信息调整目标函数,通过动态控制分配方法实现容错控制。仿真结果表明,该方法能够在执行机构发生故障情况下有效完成姿态跟踪。     

一类不确定离散Markov 跳变系统滑模状态反馈控制

针对具有不确定的离散Markov跳变系统,研究其滑模状态反馈控制问题.考虑系统的不确定满足匹配条件,以线性矩阵不等式形式给出了离散滑模面存在的充分条件,设计了具有指数趋近律的滑模控制器,保证了系统状态到达滑模面并在滑模带上随机镇定.数值仿真验证了所提出的控制方案的有效性.     

四旋翼飞行器的轨迹跟踪抗干扰控制

针对四旋翼飞行器轨迹跟踪问题中系统存在模型不确定和易受到外界扰动的情况,提出了基于切换函数的扩张状态观测器设计方法来对系统中的扰动进行估计,并将估计值与滑模控制器的设计相结合,实现了对系统中非匹配不确定性和匹配不确定性的抑制且实现了系统跟踪误差的一致最终有界.首先,根据变量间的耦合关系将飞行器系统模型分解为两个子系统模型,设计扩张状态观测器对子系统中的非匹配不确定性进行估计,并将估计值作为变量加入到切换函数的设计中;进而基于切换函数设计扩张状态观测器以估计经切换函数重构系统中的扰动,并在控制器中对扰动进行补偿.最后通过李雅普诺夫理论证明了控制系统的稳定性.通过仿真验证了本文提出的方法能够有效实现飞行器轨迹跟踪控制且能够抑止传统滑模控制的抖振现象.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.