An empirically-derived managerial key for the California Psychological Inventory.

Chi square comparisons of the responses of 603 managers and supervisors with those of 1748 men-in-general indicated that 206 of the 480 California Psychological Inventory (CPI) items reliably (p     

On the dimensionality of the California Psychological Inventory Socialization scale.

The California Psychological Inventory Socialization (So) scale is assumed to measure a dimension of socialized behaviors based on role-taking ability. Some studies have reported that the internal structure of the So scale may be complex. The present study tested its dimensionality on 3 groups: (a) 154 female undergraduates, (b) 38 delinquent and 146 nondelinquent 18–31 yr old males, and (c) 64 18–49 yr old males who were undergoing court-ordered psychiatric examination prior to sentencing. All So items except one were used, and these items were divided into 6 subscales. The number of factors producing the correlations of subscales was tested in maximum likelihood factor analyses made separately for the groups. The results made a single factor seem reasonable. The variance–covariance matrices differed significantly for the groups. The fit of a 1-factor model for 3 groups was therefore tested in a simultaneous factor analysis for several populations, and good fit was obtained. (46 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A factor analysis of the California Psychological Inventory.

Using test scores from 372 Ss, various statistical analyses indicated that a reduced set of 6 scales accounts for about ? of the total variance in the CPI. "… the reference scales provide more concise and less ambiguous definitions of the variables assessed by the CPI and have considerable promise as measures of the normal personality." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Psychometric properties of the California Psychological Inventory Socialization scale in treatment-seeking alcoholics.

Sociopathy has been identified as a prominent factor affecting the development and treatment of alcoholism. The present report examines the psychometric properties of a scale used to assess sociopathy, the California Psychological Inventory Socialization scale (CPI-So). The participants were 1,627 alcoholic adults taking part in a national trial of patient-treatment matching. The distribution of CPI-So scores was consistent with that of other studies of alcoholics, and the findings support the reliability and validity of the scale with this population. A principal-components analysis was generally consistent with similar analyses of nonalcoholic samples and identified 2 subscales that appear to tap previously described "personality" and "behavioral" dimensions of sociopathy. These subscales may be useful in further studies as potential bases for making patient-treatment matching decisions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Note on the validity of the California Psychological Inventory.

Presents data on the validity of 5 scales of the CPI. The validity of the CPI scales of Dominance, Sociability, and Self-Acceptance was supported. No support was found for the validity of the Responsibility scale and conflicting evidence was found in regard to the validity of the Psychological-Mindedness scale. Validity was assessed by means of the intercorrelations between test scores and (1) peer-ratings, (2) self-ratings, (3) Eysenck Personality Inventory, and (4) derived measures of self-acceptance. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Three short factor scales from the California Psychological Inventory.

Describes the development of 3 short factor scales-Poised Extraversion, Symptom-Free Adjustment, and Independent Thought and Action-derived from the California Psychological Inventory. Data on analysis of scores of undergraduates on the 142-item test is presented. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Personality types as measured by the California Psychological Inventory.

Attempted to delineate personality types by applying a Q-type factor analytic strategy to the California Psychological Inventory protocols of several samples of Ss (a total of 1,391 college students). Three modal profiles, characteristic of the scores of major subgroups of individuals, were isolated and subsequently cross-validated. These 3 major types—tentatively labeled as antisocial, neurotic, and well adjusted—classified 57% of the Ss in the study. Differences in the distribution of these types as a function of race and sex are described. The use of these types in the interpretation of individual profiles is outlined, and applications of the types to research studies are suggested. (30 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A Depressive Symptom Scale for the California Psychological Inventory: Construct Validation of the CPI-D.

To facilitate life span research on depressive symptomatology, a depressive symptom scale for the California Psychological Inventory (CPI) is needed. The authors constructed such a scale (the CPI-D) and compared its psychometric properties with 2 widely used self-report depression scales: the Beck Depression Inventory and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Construct validity of the CPI-D was examined in 3 studies. Study 1 established content validity, classifying CPI-D items into Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fourth Edition depressive symptoms. Study 2 used 3 large samples to gather evidence for reliability and validity: Correlational analyses demonstrated alpha reliability and convergent and discriminant validity; factor analysis provided evidence for discriminant validity with anxiety; and regression analyses demonstrated comparative validity with existing standard PI scales. Study 3 used clinician ratings of depression and anxiety as criteria for external validity. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Independent masculinity and femininity scales on the California Psychological Inventory.

Obtained California Psychological Inventory responses of 159 male and 128 female college students. A 4-fold typology of sex roles was constructed: The minimum raw scores for males high on MSC (masculinity) and FMN (femininity) were 46 and 28, respectively; for females, 33 and 35. Maximum scores for males low on MSC and FMN were 38 and 23; for females, 29 and 31. The high-masculine/low-feminine person is regarded as the most psychologically healthy of the 4 types. This view resembles the notion of androgyny, with emphasis on balance. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The prediction of academic achievement with the California Psychological Inventory.

An attempt to use the California Psychological Inventory to predict the academic grades of students in 3 military courses: Neuropsychiatric, Clinical Psychology, and Social Work Procedures. The data indicated that a combination of the Achievement via Independence scale of the California Psychological Inventory and the General Technical score from the Army Classification Battery, makes an effective instrument for screening students for admittance to these courses. The predicted criterion scores, obtaned from 2 multiple prediction equations, were correlated with the academic grades achieved by students in 2 samples (N = 98; N = 64). The obtained r's were .610 and .600 (p     

On the validity of the California Psychological Inventory Socialization Scale: A multivariate approach.

Isolated groups homogeneous in role-taking ability and described them on dimensions of the California Psychological Inventory (CPI) Socialization (So) scale. Ss were 189 Swedish delinquent and nondelinquent 19-31 yr old males. 6 subscales were constructed by factor analysis. A latent profile analysis of responses to 18 items, selected from the subscales, yielded a low (n = 78 and a high (n = 106) socialization group. 75% of the delinquents were classified as the low group. In a discriminant analysis of subscale scores, the latent profile analysis groups were significantly separated. 5 subscale means were significantly different. Results support the validity of some of the subscales as indicators of the role-taking construct underlying the So scale. (38 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The use of smallest space analysis in studying scale structure: An application to the California Psychological Inventory.

Smallest space analysis is a nonmetric technique for analysis of proximity relations, e.g., intercorrelation matrices. The variables are represented as points in Euclidean space so that the rank order of the interpoint distances corresponds to the rank order of the intercorrelations. A nonmetric technique developed by L. Guttman and J. C. Lingoes, G-L SSA-1, was applied for analysis of the structure of the intercorrelation matrix of the CPI. 2 dimensions provided a good fit to the data. The space can be partitioned into several regions. The central region includes scales related to general adjustment. 3 peripheral regions include measures of "person orientation," "value orientation," and "self-orientation." Results correspond to those obtained in factor analytic studies, but the nonmetric solution is simpler and more parsimonious. Applications to prediction problems, scale construction, and formulation of research hypotheses are discussed. (18 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Differences between Native Americans and Whites on the California Psychological Inventory.

Minimal data exist regarding the performance of Native Americans on standardized self-report personality instruments. In this study, the California Psychological Inventory (CPI) was administered to a nonpsychiatric sample of 70 Native American adults and 100 White adults of equivalent age, educational background, and socioeconomic status. Native Americans scored significantly lower than the equivalent White sample on a number of CPI scales. These results appear to reflect primarily differences between Native American and White women, which may be a function of differences in acculturation and role expectations. Ethnicity appears to be an important factor in the production of differential response patterns on the CPI. The results suggest that Native Americans, particularly women, may be at a disadvantage when the CPI is used for selection purposes unless their responses are compared to cultural norms. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Prediction of performance in medical school from the California Psychological Inventory.

Prediction of performance in medical training is a difficult task, and few approaches to date have shown promise. In the non-intellective realm, the California Psychological Inventory (CPI) has given positive results in other settings and was therefore deemed worthy of tryout in this one. A CPI regression equation was derived which had a predictive validity of +.66 in an initial sample of 34 students, and of +.46 in a cross-validating sample of 63. The psychological dimension defined by the equation was judged to be more reflective of a characterological syndrome stressing unselfishness and consideration for others than of need: achievement, compensatory striving, or other factors typically invoked to account for scholastic attainment. (25 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A verification scale for the Minnesota Vocational Interest Inventory.

A verification scale, designed to detect individuals answering carelessly or incorrectly, was developed for the Minnesota Vocational Interest Inventory. The scale is composed of items answered very infrequently by Clark's group of Tradesmen-in-General. Data on a validation and cross-validation group are presented. The scale was shown to correctly identify 97% of arbitrarily responding individuals while misclassifying only 9% of individuals answering in a normal manner. To demonstate other attributes of the scale, data are presented for a test-retest group (rxx = .81), a hospitalized psychotic group, and a group of answer sheets completed using random numbers. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Validity of the Psychological Screening Inventory for psychiatric screening.

Administered the Psychological Screening Inventory to 126 adult psychiatric outpatients. Responses were scored using R. I. Lanyon's clinical scales and J. E. Overall's recently derived factor scoring keys. Responses of 800 normal adults were similarly scored by the 2 methods. Discriminant function analysis revealed 18% misclassification for clinical scale scoring and 22% misclassification for factor scoring. The hit rates are considered appropriately high in view of criterion uncertainty. As in similar studies with other instruments, factor analysis did not provide a superior basis for discriminant validity. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A variable response inconsistency scale and a true response inconsistency scale for the Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory.

Variable Response Inconsistency (M-VRIN) and True Response Inconsistency (M-TRIN) scales were developed for the Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory using 104 male and 78 female delinquents, ages 13-17 years. M-VRIN efficacy was assessed by comparing nonrandom protocols of 76 male and 34 female delinquents, ages 13-17 years, with 100 computer-generated random protocols. Nonrandom protocols were screened using a matched-pair Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent or Jesness Inventory. M-TRIN efficacy was assessed by comparing protocols with 160 simulated acquiescent and nonacquiescent protocols. Specificities of .95 or higher showed sensitivities up to .89 for M-VRIN, and .90 and .79 for M-TRIN. Predictive power and overall effectiveness are reported for several base rates. Small relationships may exist between M-VRIN and race, and between M-TRIN and gender. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)