部分煤气化结合流化床燃烧的联合循环(PGFBC-CC)发电系统性能分析

引入部分气化炉的能量转化系数Qn概念(而不是传统的碳转化率)，采用模块化思想建模，在建立了包括部分气化炉、流化床、余热锅炉(HRSG)等系统模块通用模型的基础上，对PGF—BC系统的4个典型方案，其中2个方案基于增压流化床燃烧炉(PFBC)，另2个方案基于出常压流化床燃烧炉(AFBC)进行了性能计算、参数分析和综合比较，并对3个方案进行了初步Yong分析。通过综合比较，最后提出了适合我国国情的PGFBC—CC方案。认为：PGFBC—CC系统的方案2和方案4在技术上较易实现，经济上适合我国国情．环保性能上也足以满足排放指标要求。图7表3参6     

部分煤气化结合流化床燃烧技术的联合循环(PGFBC-CC)发电系统参数分析

作者对典型PGFBC－CC发电系统进行了较全面的参数分析，找出了影响系统性能的主要参数，并为提高这类发电系统性能提出了一些有益的措施及建议。     

循环流化床锅炉运行磨损问题及改进措施

本文介绍了我厂两台CC—35／530—MXD循环流化床锅炉运行中出现的磨损问题，分析问题产生的原因，并结合实际情况提出改造方案，以及方案实施后运行情况。     

煤气热电联产系统设计和运行问题探讨

本文对各种煤气热电三联产方案进行了比较，对三联产系统所涉及的关键技术问题如循环倍率和循环流化床锅炉设计、返料机构和气体密封、气化炉设计以及燃烧炉和气化炉负荷调节和协调运行、运行安全性等问题进行了探讨，提出了适用的方案和建议，从而为联产炉设计和正常运行提供参考。     

新型近零排放煤气化燃烧利用系统

以CO2接受体法气化技术为基础构建了新型的近零排放煤气化燃烧利用系统。煤被加入压力循环流化床气化炉里以水蒸汽为气化介质进行部分气化产生H2、CO和CO2在以CaO作为接受体吸收CO2并放出气化反应所需的热量的同时，CO也通过水煤气变换反应被转化。气化过程所产生高纯度氢气供给固体氧化物燃料电池发电。煤经部分气化后所剩的低活性焦碳和吸收CO2后产生的CaCO2一起被送入循环流化床燃烧炉，焦炭和燃料电池所排出的舍氢尾气燃烧提供CaCO2分解所需的热量。燃烧炉产生的高浓度CO2与其他污染物(SOk、NOx等)一起经余热发电后综合处理，从而实现整个系统的近零污染物排放。经计算，以烟煤为燃料的系统发电效率可达65．5％左右。     

循环流化床锅炉燃烧专家控制系统研究

从循环流化床锅炉(CFBB)的运行特性、系统特点出发，基于一台35t／hCFBB，开发了一套锅炉在线监测与燃烧控制系统。并在对循环流化床锅炉分析的基础上，详细阐述了循环流化床锅炉在线监测与燃烧控制系统的模糊专家控制算法以及系统的实现，并对循环流化床锅炉燃烧专家控制系统的性能进行了简单的对比分折。     

两段燃烧炉炉内气流特性实验研究

为了合理地设计两段热燃烧炉，组织良好的燃烧过程，必须颏人气流结构。作者根据相似理论专门设计制造了１台两段燃烧炉冷态模拟试验台，在试验台上对不同工况下的炉内速度场进行了测量，分析了炉内气流结构，同时还研究了二次风引徼方向和一、二次风量比对炉内气流特性的影响，分析归纳了二次风口位置设计和二次风量配置的基本原则。     

两段燃烧炉的实验研究

本文在简单介绍两段燃烧的基本原理之基础上，归纳总结了近几年所进行的两段燃烧炉的冷态模拟，热态模拟和环境特性试验等一系列研究成果。     

用旋风分离和密相返料技术改造CG35/3.82-MXD3锅炉

介绍了CG35／3．82—MXD3型低携带率循环流化床锅炉存在的分离器效率低、磨损严重、返料系统返料不畅、省煤器磨损严重、能耗高等问题，提出了采用中温上排气旋风分离器和一次风密相区返料系统循环流化床燃烧技术对其进行改造的技术方案和措施，并对其改造后的运行效果和技术经济进行了分析。     

稻壳在循环流化床中燃烧现象的分析

为了研究稻壳在循环流化床中的燃烧特性，在生物质循环流化床试验台上对稻壳进行了燃烧试验。通过对试验过程中各测点温度及压力变化的分析，探讨了二次风和循环回料对稻壳在循环流化床燃烧炉内燃烧过程的影响。试验结果表明：二次风可以促进挥发分在稀相区的燃烧，对提升稀相区的温度作用明显；正常循环回料使得温度沿炉膛高度均匀分布。所得结论对生物质循环流化床的试验研究及实际运行有一定的参考意义。     

流化床炉内温度场的虚拟表示

介绍了以VC^ 6．0为平台，结合Intra3D技术，研究流化床锅炉燃烧温度场的三维动态可视化虚拟表示．在流化床锅炉燃烧温度场的动态全面仿真的基础上，运用计算机图形学的理论和方法，利用数字仿真的大量数据，借助粒子运动系统的规律，建立流化床虚拟火焰，并实现动态显示和基本的人机交互，该技术的研究，可拓展热力系统性能研究的思路，弥补试验或中试研究投资大和周期长的不足，开拓出新型热力系统的虚拟再现研究手段。     

Performance evaluation and outlet load improvement of a rotating detonation combustor with different outlet nozzles

Outlet nozzles for a rotating detonation combustor were designed to meet a downstream turbine and reduce the high pressure and heat load caused by the oblique shock wave at the outlet. The effects of the rotating detonation combustor with two types of outlet nozzles were studied, and the performance and outlet parameters of the combustor were measured at an elevated chamber pressure and preheating temperature based on gas turbine conditions. The results showed that the outlet nozzles could cause changes in the wave collisions and folding of the weak flame front in the detonation formation process, but the basic propagation process was similar to that without a nozzle. The pressure ratio changed from 1.427 in the original model to 1.392 and 1.304 with the two types of outlet nozzles. Meanwhile, the outlet load was greatly improved. The peak values of the static temperature at the outlet dropped by 22.423% and 27.572% with the two types of outlet nozzles compared to the original model. In addition, the peak static pressures dropped by 75.737% and 83.722%, respectively. In addition, the outlet nozzles significantly reduced the unevenness of the outlet static temperature and static pressure distributions. This created a better outlet operating environment, thereby improving the performance of the rotating detonation combustor.     

Coupling a Stirling engine with a fluidized bed combustor for biomass

The paper deals with the integration between a kinematic Stirling engine and a fluidized bed combustor for micro-scale cogeneration of renewable energy. A pilot-scale facility integrating a 40 kW_t combustor and a γ-type Stirling engine (0.5 kW_e) was set up and tested to demonstrate the feasibility of this solution. The Stirling engine was installed at a lateral wall of the combustor in direct contact with the fluidized bed region. An experimental campaign was executed to assess the performance of the innovative integrated system. The experimental results can be summarized in: (a) very high combustion efficiency with biomass feeding, (b) elevated heat transfer rate to the engine, (c) a relatively small share (about 2 kW_t) transferred to the engine from the thermal power generated by the combustor (around 13 kW_t), (d) conversion to electric power close to the upper limit of the engine, (e) limited impact of the Stirling engine on the fluidized bed behavior, for example, temperature. From the analysis of measured variables, the dynamics is dominated by the fast response of the Stirling engine, which rapidly reacts to the slow changes of the fluidized bed combustor regime: the dynamic response of the tested facility as a thermal system was slow, the time constant being of the order of 10 minutes.     

Experimental and analytical studies of shallow solar pond systems with continuous heat extraction

A heat transfer model for Shallow Solar Pond (SSP) systems with continuous heat extraction is presented. The values of overall loss coefficients for different types of plastic glazings are obtained over a wide range of parameters. A model for the unsteady state performance of the SSPs is also presented. A method of obtaining wind effects on the heat transfer between two covers is presented. Experiments were conducted with two different SSP systems. Results indicate that (i) the heat transfer model developed for water bed-heat exchanger fluid adequately represents the true conditions, (ii) the convective heat transfer coefficients in the water bed correlate with the solar radiation absorbed in the bed, and (iii) the effect of wind-induced vibrations on the performance of the SSP is negligible for well sealed SSP systems.     

Influence of hole size and number on pressure drop and energy output of the micro-cylindrical combustor inserting with an internal spiral fin with holes

Targeting at optimizing the energy output and thermal performance of the micro combustor in the application of micro-thermophotovoltaic (MTPV) systems, but the introduction of spiral fins brings higher pressure loss. Thus, a novel design of the micro combustor with the spiral fin opening is developed. The influence of inlet velocities, the hole size and hole number of the spiral fin on the pressure drop and thermal characteristic and energy characteristic are numerically investigated. It's illustrated that the spiral fin opening is conductive to decrease the pressure loss and optimize the outer wall temperature distribution, but has a negative influence on increasing the mean outer wall temperature of the micro combustor and energy output in the MTPV systems. With the increase of the hole size and hole number of the spiral fin, the pressure loss decreases and the outer wall temperature uniformity increases significantly, while the mean outer wall temperature drops and total energy output decreases. The better performance obtains when the micro combustor with spiral fin with four 0.5 mm holes.     

循环流化床内高CaO含量煤自脱硫的试验研究

对开远褐煤在1MWth循环流化床(CFB)燃烧室中的自脱硫性能进行了试验研究和分析，发现在CFB燃烧条件下，高CaO含量煤具有很高的自脱硫效率；石灰石的添加量与煤的自脱硫能力密切相关。图4表4参3     

The catalytically supported combustor for lean mixtures

This study aims to investigate advantages that the catalytically supported combustor can have. A catalytic combustor was prepared which consisted of a catalyst bed and a thermal combustor downstream of the catalyst bed. The catalyst bed consisted of two stages, a Pd catalyst in the first stage and a Pt catalyst in the second stage. The results showed that the catalytically supported combustion had some advantages. One of them was that autoignition occurred in the thermal combustor so that an igniter was not necessary to start flame ignition. Another was that the catalytically supported combustor offered stable combustion for lean mixtures. NO_x emissions were low because of the stable lean combustion. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Hydrodynamics of air–sand flow in a conical swirling fluidized bed: A comparative study between tangential and axial air entries

Hydrodynamic regimes and characteristics of air–sand flow were studied in a cone-shape swirling fluidized bed for two types of air entry, or swirl generator: through a four-nozzle system (tangential entry) and using an annular-spiral air distributor (axial entry). Quartz sand of four particle sizes, 180–300, 300–500, 500–600 and 850–1180 μm, was used as the bed material in experimental tests on a cold model of a conical swirling fluidized bed combustor. During each test run, the pressure drop across the bed (Δp) was measured versus superficial velocity at the lower bed basis (u) for three static bed heights (20, 30 and 40 cm). Four regimes were found in the bed behavior for both swirl generators. The Δp–u diagrams were compared between tangential and axial air entries for different operating conditions. Mathematical models for predicting major hydrodynamic characteristics, the minimum fluidization velocity (u_mf) and corresponding pressure drop across the bed (Δp_mf), were empirically developed. The dimensionless dependency of Δp/Δp_mf on u/u_mf showed the apparent common trends and similarity for most of the test trials. For the two air injection systems, a Nomograph for assessment of Δp at any arbitrary superficial velocity and bed height was proposed as well.     

YC6108Q直喷式柴油机燃烧系统的试验研究

在YC6108Q直喷式柴油机上,进行了2种燃烧室（缩口ω形燃烧室、方形结口燃烧室）、3种进气道（高、中、低涡流比缸盖）、2种喷油嘴（S529、S527）及2种启喷压力（24MPa、26MPa）的匹配试验研究．对中涡流比缸盖下的2种燃烧室、2种喷油嘴的4种匹配进行了燃烧分析,寻找出最佳匹配方案．