板料成形中单元大小对回弹的影响研究

板料成形数值模拟的准确性在很大程度上取决于回弹模拟的精度，本文就DYNAFORM软件中单元尺寸与回弹模拟计算的关系进行了研究，得出了相应的结论。     

板料成形的回弹预测方法研究

回弹是影响板料弯曲成形品质的主要因素之一,对回弹进行准确预测和有效控制是提高成形精度的关键.从理论研究、实验研究、有限元数值模拟以及人工神经网络4个方面综述了国内外关于板料成形回弹预测的研究现状,总结了基于两种塑性弯曲理论模型建立的回弹计算公式,并概述了有限元数值模拟技术在模拟板料成形及其回弹的应用情况,最后介绍了人工神经网络在回弹预测领域的应用.     

板料成形数值模拟中回弹问题的处理

在分析了板料成形回弹特性的基础上,列出了回弹的影响因素,提出了回弹计算方法,最后运用自主开发的三维板料成形数值模拟软件SHEET3D对盒形件回弹进行了数值模拟。     

板料辊弯成形数值模拟中回弹的影响因素

分析了诸因素对第一道次辊弯成形回弹的影响;利用Marc软件对其成形过程进行数值模拟,获得关于辊弯成形过程的各种信息,据此对轧辊设计及工艺方案的优化提供指导。     

板料成形回弹的计算机仿真与影响因素

回弹是卸载过程产生的反向弹性变形，是板料成形过程中存在的一种普遍现象。本文探讨了回弹产生的力学机理，并运用显式隐式顺序求解法模拟回弹，比较了材料性能、板料厚度及摩擦系数等因素对回弹的影响。回弹的数值模拟、影响因素的比较，以及在模具设计过程中考虑回弹的关键因素，修正模具尺寸，补偿回弹误差，对于制定合理的冲压工艺方案，具有重要的实际意义。     

板料成形中的回弹计算和模具修正

利用动力显式有限元计算程序MSC／DYTRAN,采用动力松弛法模拟了板料成形及回弹过程,计算出板料成形后的回弹量：提出“位移描述－结点修正”法,以回弹量为依据通过反向位移补偿和插值算法,编制程序自动对模具网格结点进行修正,通过反复迭代计算,最终可获得生成理想形状制件所必需的凸,凹模尺寸。     

板料局部成形成形极限的数值研究

通常在板料冲压成形中,通过成形极限图来预测板料成形时的缩颈、破裂现象。而采用增量成形技术成形板料时,板料的成形极限高于传统冲压成形。这一现象导致了从成形机理上研究板料增量成形极限为什么会高于传统冲压成形极限成为当前的研究热点。假定厚度方向的几何缺陷来表示局部弱化区,通过在板料厚度方向引入工具作用来研究局部材料的稳定性的影响。分别采用BAMMAN_DAMAGE模型和假定几何缺陷的方法来研究横向模具作用对板料成形均匀化的影响。通过数值模拟的方法研究了增量成形能提高成形极限的原因及机理,并考察在这个过程中板料应力和板料应变的变化情况。     

板料成形极限应力图研究

基于塑性应力应变关系,推导出极限应力与极限应变相互转换关系,针对分散性失稳、凹槽失稳和平面应变漂移失稳等准则,进行了双线性应变路径、曲线应变路径和复合应变路径下成形极限应力图的理论计算。结果表明,成形极限应力图不受应变路径影响,对于同一失稳准则,在不同加载应变路径下几乎为同一条曲线。因此,成形极限应力图作为复杂加载路径的成形极限判据更加方便和实用。     

板料拉深成形摩擦测试系统研究

对拉深过程摩擦问题进行了研究,分析了金属板粒拉深摩擦问题国内外研究现状。重点介绍了能相对真实地反映拉深过程中法兰处的摩擦与润油变化规律的探针法。指出加快这方面研究意义。     

板料无模成形技术——热应力成形

热应力成形是一种通过不均匀加热产生的热应力来使板料成形的方法，与传统成形工艺相比具有显著优势。本文依据热应力成形所用加热方式的不同，把热应力成形分为3类：火焰加热的水火弯板成形、激光热应力成形和高频感应热应力成形，对这3类热应力成形的机理、特点和应用分别进行了详细论述，同时对他们作了比较，分析了它们各自的不足，指出了进一步研究的方向。     

铝合金汽车覆盖件冲压成形回弹的仿真研究

简要介绍了用于冲压成形回弹的有限元基本理论,提出了复杂汽车覆盖件成形仿真的模式,并以汽车底座横梁外板为例,利用DYNAFORM软件,对其拉延、切边、冲孔和回弹的过程进行了仿真,通过仿真结果与实验结果的比较,证明了所得到的数值参数和仿真方法能获得比较可靠的仿真结果,对实际生产有一定的指导意义。     

汽车覆盖件冲压成形仿真研究进展

汽车覆盖件冲压成形仿真技术的发展,突破了原有汽车冲压件模具及工艺设计的设计方法,对保证工件质量、减少材料消耗、缩短产品开发周期、降低制造成本具有重要意义.概述了目前汽车覆盖件冲压成形仿真所涉及到的热点领域,如摩擦与接触、回弹分析、模具系统和工艺参数、材料屈服模型和板料形状设计,讨论了这些领域的研究进展和进一步研究的发展方向.     

Characterising material and process variation effects on springback robustness for a semi-cylindrical sheet metal forming process

Variation in the incoming sheet material and fluctuations in the press setup is unavoidable in many stamping plants. The effect of these variations can have a large influence on the quality of the final stamping, in particular, unpredictable springback of the sheet when the tooling is removed. While stochastic simulation techniques have been developed to simulate this problem, there has been little research that connects the influence of the noise sources to springback. This paper characterises the effect of material and process variation on the robustness of springback for a semi-cylindrical channel forming operation, which shares a similar cross-section profile as many automotive structural components. The study was conducted using the specialised sheet metal forming package AutoForm™ Sigma, for which a series of stochastic simulations were performed with each of the noise sources incrementally introduced. The effective stress and effective strain scatter in a critical location of the part was examined and a response window, which indicates the respective process robustness, was defined. The incremental introduction of the noise sources allows the change in size of the stress–strain response window to be tracked. The results showed that changes to process variation parameters, such as BHP and friction coefficient, directly affect the strain component of the stress–strain response window by altering the magnitude of external work applied to forming system. Material variation, on the other hand, directly affected the stress component of the response window. A relationship between the effective stress–strain response window and the variation in springback was also established.     

冲压成形薄板厚度变化与回弹量工程估算

研究了忽略薄板厚度变化对有限元仿真计算时间和计算结果的影响 ,得到薄板冲压成形过程中压边力和材料特性与薄板回弹量的关系曲线     

双向曲率板材冲压成形补偿回弹的逆解算法

给出了直接计算双向曲率冲压模具补偿回弹所需预弯尺寸的逆解公式.通过计算两个方向上的塑性弯矩来建立算法的数学模型.为验证合理性,用有限元软件对不同厚度、期望成形半径为200mm的具有等向曲率的工件进行模拟.结果显示,回弹后的最大法向误差由未补偿的1.96mm降至补偿后的0.52mm,并且板厚越厚,回弹越小,模拟结果与计算值基本相符.因此,计算方法可以为初始模具型面尺寸设计提供参考.     

A general forming limit criterion for sheet metal forming

The forming limit of sheet metal is defined to be the state at which a localized thinning of the sheet initiates during forming, ultimately leading to a split in the sheet. The forming limit is conventionally described as a curve in a plot of major strain vs. minor strain. This curve was originally proposed to characterize the general forming limit of sheet metal, but it has been subsequently observed that this criterion is valid only for the case of proportional loading. Nevertheless, due to the convenience of measuring strain and the lack of a better criterion, the strain- based forming limit curve continues to play a primary role in judging forming severity. In this paper it is shown that the forming limit for both proportional loading and non-proportional loading can be explained from a single criterion which is based on the state of stress rather than the state of strain. This proposed criteria is validated using data from several non-proportional loading paths previously reported in the literature for both aluminum and steel alloys. In addition to significantly improving the gauging of forming severity, the new stress-based criterion is as easy to use as the strain-based criterion in the validation of die designs by the finite element method. However, it presents a challenge to the experimentalist and the stamping plant because the state of stress cannot be directly measured. This paper will also discuss several methods to deal with this challenge so that the more general measure of forming severity, as determined by the state of stress, can be determined in the stamping plant.     

Tooling design in sheet metal forming using springback calculations

A method to design tooling in sheet metal forming using springback calculations is presented. The designed tooling produces a part which matches the desired shape, thereby compensating for springback. To design the appropriate tooling, traction distributions on the sheet in the fully loaded deformed state are computed using the finite element method. The calculated tractions are then used to numerically reproduce springback of the desired part shape by elastic unloading of the part in a reverse manner. The method is examined for materials covering a range of steel strength and hardening, and is found to produce parts with negligible shape error. The success of the tooling design algorithm leads to a proposal for an experimental method to design tooling based on traction distribution measurements.     

Study on multiple-step incremental air-bending forming of sheet metal with springback model and FEM simulation

A mathematical model of springback radius was developed with dimensional analysis and orthogonal test. With this model, the punch radius could be solved for forming high-precision semiellipse-shaped workpieces. With the punch radius and other geometrical parameters of a tool, a 2D ABAQUS finite-element model (FEM) was established. Then, the forming process of sheet metal multiple-step incremental air bending was simulated with the FEM. The result showed that average errors of the simulated workpiece were +0.68/?0.65 mm, and provided the process data consisting of sheet feed rate, punch displacement and springback angle in each step. A semiellipse-shaped workpiece, whose average errors are +0.68/?0.69 mm, was made with the simulation data. These results indicate that the punch design method is feasible with the mathematical model, and the means of FEM simulation is effective. It can be taken as a new approach for sheet metal multiple-step incremental air-bending forming and tool design.     

汽车覆盖件冲压成形回弹补偿问题研究

本文针对回弹对汽车覆盖件冲压成型的影响,提出了汽车覆盖件冲压模具回弹自动补偿的方法;以某保险杠骨架外杠的模具为例进行回弹自动补偿,验证了此方法的正确性,并总结出了汽车覆盖件冲压模具自动回弹补偿的流程。