基于滑模与自适应观测器的感应电机非线性控制新策略

提出一种结合滑模变结构和自适应观测技术的感应电机非线性控制新方法. 以定子电流与定子磁链为状态变量建立感应电机模型, 采用非线性分析方法建立转矩与磁链误差方程, 使用自适应滑模技术设计转矩与磁链控制器, 推导出定子电压控制量. 基于模型参考技术设计自适应观测器, 向控制器提供准确的转速辨识与磁链观测值,并给出了控制系统的稳定性证明. 该方法具有转矩脉动小、定子磁链畸变不明显的优点, 低速时也具有良好的控制性能, 且对参数与负载变化有较强的鲁棒性. 仿真与实验结果证明了该控制策略的正确性与有效性.     

磁链跟踪PWM感应电机矢量控制系统

PWM调制方式及控制器参数对感应电机矢量控制系统性能有较大影响,使电机在低速时电流脉动和转矩脉动较大。以磁链、转矩闭环的电机矢量控制方法为基础,提出了磁链跟踪控制(Space Vector PWM,SVPWM)的感应电机矢量控制系统仿真模型及低速变控制器参数的控制方法,高度模拟实际系统,并考虑逆变器死区时间的影响,在不同的调速范围下,进行了系统性能分析。在转子磁链定向准确,转子磁链构造准确的前提下,仿真结果表明磁链跟踪控制的矢量控制系统跟踪磁链为准圆形,在低速下,电机电流脉动和转矩脉动都比较小,使系统能够稳定运行,对于解决感应电机高性能调速的低速问题给出了可行的途径。     

直接转矩控制系统的稳定性问题和鲁棒控制器设计

直接转矩控制(DTC)系统的设计不依赖于感应电机的转子参数,但它的低速性能不好.研究发现,即使定子电阻测量得足够准确,根据定子磁链的电压电流模型设计的经典DTC系统的低速性能仍得不到改善.理论分析说明了这些问题存在的必然性,指出了DTC系统在转矩控制和稳定性之间存在的矛盾,给出了一种鲁棒控制器的设计方案.该方案同时使用了定子电阻和定子磁链的电流模型,当定子电阻和磁链模型出现误差时,表现出了好的鲁棒性.实验结果验证了系统的性能.     

牵引电机无速度传感器的间接转矩控制的应用

分析了基于静止坐标系的间接转矩控制原理．在定子坐标系内分别对定子磁链与电机转矩进行计算并得到定子磁链增量值,包括定子磁链的幅值增量和相位增量,由定子磁链增量计算出异步电机定子的空间电压矢量．通过选择适当的定子磁链、转子磁链状态变量,构建一个感应电机的全阶闭环磁链观测器,实现转子转速的自适应辨识．实验结果表明,定子电流为正弦波且谐波小,电磁转矩的稳动态性能好,电机的辨识速度能够快速而准确地收敛到真实转速．     

基于MRAS的感应电动机无速度传感器控制方法

针对传统的感应电动机转速辨识算法只对电动机转速进行辨识,而没有考虑定子电阻的变化对电动机转速辨识所带来影响的问题,提出了一种改进的基于MARS的感应电动机无速度传感器控制方法。该方法采用电压模型的输出作为转子磁链、定子电阻的期望值,电流模型的输出作为转子磁链、定子电阻的推算值,根据MARS理论,以电压模型作为参考模型、电流模型作为自适应可调模型,进行电动机转速、定子电阻的辨识。仿真结果表明,该方法能够同时辨识电动机转速和定子电阻,有效消除了定子电阻发生变化对电动机转速辨识带来的影响,提高了感应电动机控制系统的低速辨识性能。     

一种基于FNN的感应电机定子电阻辨识建模方法

直接转矩控制技术的关键问题是如何在定子电阻不确定的情况下,准确辨识定子磁链。通过转子磁链定向的方法,推导出转差的表达式,此表达式中包含定子电阻的信息,当定子电阻发生变化时,计算出来的转差与实际的转差不相等,基于这种思想构建了模糊神经网络,采用梯度下降法训练网络的参数,实现对定子电阻的在线辨识。针对所提出的方法,在matlab/simulink中搭建模型进行仿真,结果表明在定子电阻受干扰的情况下,此方法能准确、迅速地跟随定子电阻的变化,实现实时调整,感应电机的低速性能得到改善。     

基于模糊逻辑的定子电阻辨识及仿真分析

针对感应电机定子电阻在电机运转过程中会发生非线性动态变化,进而影响矢量控制系统的动态性能和稳定性问题,为改善无速度传感器控制系统的调速性能,分析了基于MRAS的转子磁链和速度估算原理,提出了一种以转子磁链和定子电流矢量作为输入,以定子电阻的变化量作为输出,基于模糊逻辑的感应电机定子电阻在线辨识的方法;在仿真环境下对增加定子电阻辨识后的转速波形进行了对比,对定子电阻突变到原来值两倍时的辨识效果进行了仿真,实验结果表明这种方案结构简单,可靠性高,计算复杂度低,对定子电阻的变化具有明显的辨识能力,能显著改善控制系统的调速性能.     

基于滤波补偿和自适应观测的直接转矩控制

直接转矩控制(DTC)是继矢量控制技术后发展起来的一种新型的交流调速控制方法,但其在低速运行时存在较大的电流、转矩脉动,为了改善直接转矩控制系统的低速性能,提出一种新型的定子磁链低通滤波补偿和转速自适应观测相结合的直接转矩控制方法.该方法提高了定子磁链和转子转速的观测精度,改善了直接转矩控制系统的动静态性能.仿真和实验...     

感应电机二阶滑模次优算法定子磁链观测器设计

提出了基于二阶滑模次优算法的感应电机定子磁链观测方法,设计了定子磁链观测器,并应用到感应电机直接转矩控制中.本文设计的磁链观测器,通过准确的跟踪电流及其变化率,从而实现对转子磁链的准确估算,然后利用转子磁链与定子磁链的关系,估算出定子磁链.由于本文设计的定子磁链观测器是一个多输入多输出(MIMO)系统,稳定性分析非常复杂,为此将磁链估算误差的微分看作扰动处理,从而将MIMO的观测器模型分解成两个独立的单输入单输出(SISO)系统,简化了稳定性分析.将该观测器用于感应电机直接转矩控制中,达到了很好的控制效果.仿真和实验验证了该方法的有效性.     

感应电机无速度传感器直接转矩控制系统研究

直接转矩控制技术以容差形式的Bang-Bang控制模式给系统的稳态运行带来了转矩脉动大、电流谐波成分重、定子磁链轨迹畸变等严重问题,大大限制了其应用领域,这一点已经成为传统直接转矩控制技术不可逾越的缺陷。本文基于模型参考自适应系统（MRAS）原理设计了一种自适应速度磁链观测器,把磁链观测和速度辨识结合在一起,将定子磁链观测值直接应用于直接转矩控制算法。运用SIMULINK中的库元件和S-function构建了感应电机无速度传感器直接转矩控制系统仿真模型,仿真波形验证了上述控制模型可行性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.