MO3Si-MO5Si3硅化物中温氧化行为及其机理

研究了Mo3Si-Mo5Si3共晶硅化物在600～1200℃中温氧化行为，分析了中温氧化机理和氧化瘟疫现象。结果表明，在1000℃氧化并发生氧化瘟疫现象的试样中发现在孔洞和裂缝等缺陷处优先生成混合氧化物。这种混合氧化物的体积效应导致pest现象的发生。     

爆炸焊接不锈复合高强钢的断裂韧性

本文研究了SUS304不锈钢和HT80高强钢爆炸焊接复合板的断裂韧性。为了搞清冶金性质及复合结构对断裂韧性的影响。沿着复合板厚度的不同部位,切取均质和非均质试样,进行了夏比V型缺口试验与弯曲COD试验,这些试样的缺口根部或预裂纹前沿平行于板材表面。夏比V型缺口试验中,试样断裂时所消耗的能量与缺口根部的起裂能量,受到缺口根部的材料的影响及试样的净载面中两种不同钢种的厚度比的影响。在预裂纹位于不锈钢侧的非均质试样的静态弯曲试验中,虽然在整个试验温度范围内,预裂纹尖端处发生了塑性断裂,但是在预裂纹扩散之前,在焊接界面附近的高强钢中就发生了断裂。就裂纹起始而论,如果能测量出交界区首先起裂时的临界COD,以及断裂首先出现在预裂纹顶端处时的拉伸区宽度,则这二者分别可以成为一种断裂韧性参数。在预裂纹位于高强钢侧的非均质试样中,在低温下尚未发生塑性断裂的临界COD及在整个温度范围内的伸展区宽度,均可能作为断裂韧性的参量。因为断裂韧性基本上取决于包含预裂纹尖端的材料,即高强钢。     

单晶涡轮叶片合金的薄截面尺寸效应

单晶涡轮叶片合金存在明显的薄截面尺寸效应,当截面尺寸小于0.5mm时,持久寿命大幅降低,尤其是中温持久寿命.截面尺寸效应是由于试样厚度减小引起显微组织和表面完整性的变化以及实验误差综合影响所致.     

超声深滚处理改善预腐蚀7A52-CZ铝合金疲劳性能机理

研究了超声深滚(UDR)处理对预腐蚀7A52-CZ铝合金疲劳性能的作用.7A52铝合金试样在剥蚀腐蚀溶液中浸泡不同时间后进行了超声深滚处理.分别对未腐蚀试样、腐蚀试样和腐蚀+UDR处理试样进行了疲劳试验,用XRD应力测试和扫描电镜等方法分析了UDR处理前后试样的残余应力和断口形貌,并对疲劳断口进行了分析.结果表明:UDR处理在铝合金中引入超过1mm深的残余压应力层,延长了7A52的预腐蚀疲劳寿命.对于腐蚀较轻的试样,UDR处理使裂纹源在表层下残余压应力和拉应力过渡区产生,延长了疲劳裂纹萌生寿命;对腐蚀较重试样,疲劳裂纹仍从晶间腐蚀处形核,但由于引入残余压应力及腐蚀裂纹的部分愈合效应,仍在很大程度上改善了7A52的预腐蚀疲劳寿命.     

橡胶热氧老化条件下不同预载的压缩机隔振脚垫动态特性研究

揭示热氧老化条件下不同预载的隔振脚垫动态特性机理是空调器压缩机隔振系统匹配的关键所在。该文引入Peck模型表征热氧老化因子,并运用包含热氧老化因子的分数导数Kelvin-Voigt摄动模型和Coulomb摩擦摄动模型分别描述其频率依赖性和振幅依赖性,建立了考虑变预载影响的隔振脚垫热氧老化-动态特性模型。进一步辨识了不同预载条件下的模型参数,通过试验数据验证了模型的正确性,创新提出了刚度转变点和刚度转变频率的概念以更好地描述服役后变预载、变振幅工况下橡胶隔振脚垫的软化效应。为深入研究空调压缩机与隔振脚垫的刚度匹配与橡胶配方的优化设计奠定理论基础。     

HQ785C钢示波冲击特性的缺口效应研究

采用示波冲击试验方法，研究了ＨＱ７８５Ｃ钢的夏比Ｖ型缺口、线切割缺口和预疲劳裂纹３种类型试样在冲击断裂过程中各部分能量与温度的关系。分析了各部分能量随温度变化的规律。试验结果表明，预疲劳裂纹试样的脆性转变温度比线切割缺口试样和夏比Ｖ型缺口试样分别提高约２０℃和４０℃。     

铜基电触头材料温压成型工艺的研究

研究了铜基电触头材料的温压行为,通过温压试样性能分析得出了最佳的温压工艺参数,并与冷压压制试样的性能进行了比较.结果表明,在相同压力下,温压试样的电阻率、硬度和抗氧化性明显比冷压试样的好;压制温度的最佳值是130℃,润滑剂的最佳添加量为0.7%(质量分数).     

MO3Si-MO5Si3硅化物中温氧化行为及其机理

研究了Mo3Si-Mo5Si3共晶硅化物在600～1200℃中温氧化行为,分析了中温氧化机理和氧化瘟疫现象.结果表明,在1000℃氧化并发生氧化瘟疫现象的试样中发现在孔洞和裂缝等缺陷处优先生成混合氧化物.这种混合氧化物的体积效应导致pest现象的发生.     

PAN原丝高效预氧化研究

国产碳纤维成本偏高使其缺少市场竞争力和影响其广泛的应用,影响碳纤维产业可持续发展。针对预氧化过程在碳纤维成本构成占比超过20%,通过研究聚丙烯腈(PAN)原丝预氧化反应实质及时温效应,在此基础上通过提高预氧化反应效率,缩短预氧化时间,在不影响碳纤维性能前提下,降低碳纤维制备的过程成本。     

钨合金材料动态拉伸性能与微观断裂机制关系的研究

测定了光滑和缺口钨合金材料在不同应变率下动态拉伸性能的变化规律，观察了材料断裂的微观机制。结果发现，光滑试样具有正应变率效应，缺口试样具有负应变率效应，在不同应变率下，两种试样的断裂方式没有明显的差别。     

Crack resistance of 15Kh2MFA steel after combined warm-prestressing

We have studied the influence of parameters of combined warm-prestressing under eccentric tension of compact cracked specimens (temperature, maximum stress intensity factor K ₁, and its range ΔK) on the critical J-integral J _f, critical opening of the crack tip, and critical stress intensity factor of 15Kh2MFA steel at 293 K. The essence of combined warm-prestressing consists of the fact that, at the stage of overstressing of a cracked specimen in the course of its tensile deformation, one imposes a cyclic load of small amplitude. At a temperature of preliminary overstressing of 423 K, which is close to the critical temperature of brittleness of steel (T _k0 = 393 K), combined warm-prestressing decreases the J _f value for steel by a factor of up to 1.5 as compared with static warm-prestressing. At a temperature of 623 K, which exceeds substantially the critical temperature of brittleness of steel, combined warm-prestressing increases the critical J-integral J _f by up to 30% and critical crack opening δ _f ^ep by up to 14% as compared with warm-prestressing. Irrespective of the temperature (T ₁ = 423 and 623 K) and scheme of warm-prestressing (combined or static), all experimental values of the critical stress intensity factor K _f depending on δ _f ^ep are concentrated in a common scatter band and can be described well by a single relation. __________ Translated from Fizyko-Khimichna Mekhanika Materialiv, Vol. 43, No. 6, pp. 67–73, November–December, 2007.     

THE INFLUENCE OF PLASTIC PRESTRAINING ON BRITTLE FRACTURE RESISTANCE OF METALLIC MATERIALS WITH CRACKS

Abstract The purpose of the present work was to study the influence of different regimes of overloading of pressure vessel steels in different states which correspond to the steel properties at the beginning of a reactor operation and at different degrees of embrittlement (simulated by heat treatment). The experiments were performed on 25, 50 and 150 mm thick specimens with short and long cracks of various shape in the temperature range from 293 to 623 K corresponding to the service temperature range of those steels. The following factors were investigated contribution of different effects (residual stresses, strain hardening, crack tip blunting) into the enhancement of the brittle fracture resistance of steels after warm prestressing, stability of the positive warm prestressing effect during subsequent exposure of the steels to different service loading conditions; size effect on optimal regimes of thermo-mechanical prestressing and on the brittle fracture resistance characteristics of the steels studied after warm-prestressing. An approach is proposed to predict the increase in the brittle fracture resistance of steels with cracks after warm prestressing.     

Development of the Local Approach to Fracture over the Past 25 years: Theory and Applications

This review paper is devoted to the local approach to fracture (LAF) for the prediction of the fracture toughness of structural steels. The LAF has been considerably developed over the past two decades, not only to provide a better understanding of the fracture behaviour of materials, in particular the failure micromechanisms, but also to deal with loading conditions which cannot easily be handled with the conventional linear elastic fracture mechanics and elastic–plastic fracture mechanics global approaches. The bases of this relatively newly developed methodology are first presented. Both ductile rupture and brittle cleavage fracture micromechanisms are considered. The ductile-to-brittle transition observed in ferritic steels is also briefly reviewed. Two types of LAF methods are presented: (i) those assuming that the material behaviour is not affected by damage (e.g. cleavage fracture), (ii) those using a coupling effect between damage and constitutive equations (e.g. ductile fracture). The micromechanisms of brittle and ductile fracture investigated in elementary volume elements are briefly presented. The emphasis is laid on cleavage fracture in ferritic steels. The role of second phase particles (carbides or inclusions) and grain boundaries is more thoroughly discussed. The distinction between nucleation and growth controlled fracture is made. Recent developments in the theory of cleavage fracture incorporating both the effect of stress state and that of plastic strain are presented. These theoretical results are applied to the crack tip situation to predict the fracture toughness. It is shown that the ductile-to-brittle transition curve can reasonably be well predicted using the LAF approach. Additional applications of the LAF approach methods are also shown, including: (i) the effect of loading rate and prestressing; (ii) the influence of residual stresses in welds; (iii) the mismatch effects in welds; (iv) the warm-prestressing effect. An attempt is also made to delineate research areas where large improvements should be made for a better understanding of the failure behaviour of structural materials.     

On the effect of nickel substitution in duplex stainless steel

Abstract

The present experimental and theoretical study investigates the effect of nickel on the phase balance and resulting properties of a 22Cr duplex stainless steel. The decrease in nickel was balanced by nitrogen and manganese additions. It was found that a minimum nickel content was required to maintain mechanical and corrosion properties at technically relevant levels. The influence of increasing nitrogen content on resulting phase composition and properties is discussed.     

Effect of plate separation on restrained burst test

The deformation experienced by a package during an unrestrained burst test is not the same in every case. This deformation will direct the forces resulting from the internal pressure to specific areas depending on the package geometry, the material and the type of seal. It may influence the resulting burst values and the interpretation of the results in general. In recent years, the use of restraining fixtures in the burst test has been suggested by both industry and academic researchers. It is thought that restraining plates can limit the extent and variation of deformation of the package during the burst test. Restrained burst tests, using different plate separations, were performed for pouches and trays. It was found that for both types of packages; the burst pressure is inversely proportional to plate separation. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Capacitance sensors for measurement of phase volume fraction intwo-phase pipelines

The effect of phase distribution (flow pattern) is considered for determining the volume fraction in two-phase pipelines. Experiments were performed with a variety of capacitance sensor designs. It was found that for a well-agitated mixture, two flow patterns occur for different compositions of the mixture, resulting in a discontinuous calibration curve. Sensitivity loss was found when the continuous phase was electrically conducting. This results in operational difficulties in applications to oil wells. It is concluded that capacitive sensors are practical only when the continuous phase is nonconductive or as a low electrical conductivity     

Warm rolling behaviour of low carbon steels

Abstract

Warm (ferritic) rolling can be a low cost method of producing sheet steel products. However, for steels containing solute carbon, microstructural development during processing is affected by dynamic strain aging (DSA). This can significantly weaken the {111} texture formed during annealing, thus resulting in products with poor formabilities. It is known that the DSA behaviour can be modified by the addition of elements such as boron and chromium. Experimental low carbon (LC) steels with various additions of chromium, boron and phosphorus were warm rolled and their behaviour compared with that of a standard LC material. It was found that these additions promote the formation of shear bands under warm rolling conditions, thus resulting in a stronger {111} recrystallisation texture than that of the unmodified LC steel.     

Laser-induced acoustic waves and index of refraction changes in Ti- doped sapphire

Acoustic waves in Ti³⁺-doped sapphire have been observed after optical pumping with a pulsed 532 nm Nd:YAG laser. Photothermal beam-deflection spectroscopy has been used to measure the resulting change in the index of refraction. The effect of the acoustic wave on the index of refraction is discussed. It is shown that the energy of the acoustic wave is negligible compared with the increase of internal energy produced by the optical pumping. The resulting sound velocity of the acoustic wave was calculated to be c_s=9500±500 m/s.     

翅片管路焊接接头断裂原因分析

通过KYKY2800扫描电镜等技术手段对翅片管路焊接接头进行失效分析。分析表明,焊缝与2#环管的焊趾处存在有不连续的咬边,造成应力集中;在交变应力的作用下于咬边处产生微裂纹,并沿一定方向扩展（同时材料的不均匀性也为裂纹的扩展提供了有利条件）,直至最后疲劳断裂,造成失效。最后提出了预防措施。