版块三：价格变化

福特公司用大豆替代矿物油和炭黑 据美国密歇根州消息,福特公司声称,橡胶部件制造商可以用大豆油代替矿物油（软化剂）,用大豆基填料代替炭黑。     

大豆油甲酯合成工艺的研究

文章研究了以大豆油和甲醇为原料,在催化剂M作用下合成大豆油甲酯的方法。通过优化油醇比、催化剂M用量、反应温度和反应时间等工艺参数,找出大豆油甲酯合成的最优工艺条件。结果表明,油醇比为1∶4;催化剂M用量为1.6%,反应温度为67℃,反应时间为1 h,目标产品大豆油甲酯产率达90%以上,粘度为5~10 c P。所得产品能满足大豆油墨需要的良溶剂的要求和油墨配方的需求。     

大豆油油墨发展前景光明

油墨中的石油系列溶剂含有的挥发性有机化合物（ＶＯＣ），是一种有毒、有害、有刺激性气味的物资，不仅造成了环境污染，而且会影响印刷工人的身体健康，据有关资料介绍，目前海外市场风行的大豆油油墨就不会产生上述弊病。所谓大豆油油墨，就是指用大豆油替代普通油墨中的部分石油系列溶剂（其他成分如树脂、颜料等不变）的一种环保型油墨。由于大豆油对挥发性有机化合物（ＶＯＣ）具有抑制作用，其化学诱导物又是非毒性的，因此有利于印刷工人的健康安全和环境保护，而且大豆油原料易得，价格低廉，生产成本低专家预测，大豆油油墨将会很…     

碳酸二甲酯用于无苯环保油墨溶剂试验研究

研究了以聚丙烯酸树酯为成膜物质与碳酸二甲酯等溶剂制备油墨,并对油墨性能进行。研究发现,在固含量低于40%的条件下,碳酸二甲酯与甲苯重量比为1∶1的混合溶剂的溶解效果比单独溶剂更好。采用碳酸二甲酯、甲基环己烷和乙酸乙酯混合溶剂制备的无苯聚丙烯酸酯型油墨,油墨溶剂残留极低,油墨粘度(涂4#杯)15~30 s,细度小于20μm,初干性小于45 mm/30 s,附着牢度大于95%,性能优良。     

福特公司用大豆替代矿物油和炭黑

据美国密歇根消息,福特公司声称,橡胶部件制造商可以使用大豆油作为矿物油（软化剂）的替代品,用大豆基填料代替炭黑。     

绿色工业新亮点:大豆制备聚氨酯

介绍了国外大豆制备聚氨酯产品的开发、应用情况.重点分析了陶氏化学公司R鲫va产品的合成工艺、产品性能和用途,以及大豆油基多元醇产业发展存在的挑战;同时叙述了卡吉尔公司BiOH牌大豆油基多元醇的生产应用情况;最后介绍了其他公司大豆制备多元醇的开发情况.     

溶剂／颜料型喷墨油墨的制备及其性能的研究

利用物理分散手段制备了具有稳定分散性的溶剂/颜料型彩色数字打样用喷墨油墨样品,探讨了分散方法对颜料粒子分散性的影响以及油墨组分对其粘度、表面张力、电导率等性能的影响。研究结果表明,混合溶剂体系的表面张力可以通过各溶剂组分表面张力的算术平均数预测,快干溶剂和慢干溶剂分别影响喷墨油墨的初干性和彻干性,样品油墨的色域范围能够达到数字打样颜色再现的要求。     

一种性能优越的微乳型油墨清洗剂的研制

文章研制了一种以水为主要溶剂的O/W微乳型油墨清洗剂。实验考察了表面活性剂用量、溶剂用量、助剂用量、温度、乳化方式等反应条件,成功制备了一种新型性能稳定,价格便宜,清洗效果较好的油墨清洗剂。结果表明,表面活性剂与助剂配比对乳化液稳定性有较大影响。该乳液可替代统汽油、煤油用于印刷机上油墨的清洗,且防锈腐蚀和安全性能超过汽油、煤油等溶剂型清洗剂,具有节能、环保、安全等优点。     

聚氨酯树脂及其涂料

<正>201501008大豆油改性阳离子型聚氨酯涂料的热机械性能和抗菌性能的研究[刊,英]/Garrison,Thomas F.等//Macromolecular Materials and Engineering.2014,299(9).-1042~1051采用不同羟基含量的乙二醇胺制备了一系列具有抗菌性能的大豆油改性阳离子型聚氨酯涂料,并采用不同羟基含量的大豆油多元醇制备了另一系列聚氨酯涂料。试验表明:所有阳离子型聚氨酯分散体及其涂     

溶剂颜料型喷墨油墨粘度的研究

为了研究溶剂颜料型喷墨油墨的粘度,利用自行设计的YM—I型研磨机研磨分散制备油墨样品,测试了各油墨样品的粘度,探讨了分散剂、树脂、颜料、溶剂对溶剂颜料型喷墨油墨粘度的影响。     

Development of mineral oil free offset printing ink using vegetable oil esters

Until the middle of this century, fats and oils are the major raw material source for paints, coating and lubricating applications. These markets are completely taken over by petroleum based stocks due to their abundance and versatility. However, recent public awareness to use environmentally acceptable products that minimize pollution, are compatible to human health and readily biodegradable created opportunities for vegetable oils for application in paints and printing inks. The formulation of vegetable oil methyl ester based 'green' offset printing ink that reduces the volatile organic compounds (VOC) has been discussed in the present study. Methyl esters of rapeseed, soybean, rice bran and palm oil have been prepared and their physical properties have been measured and compared with standard petroleum feed stock. Varnishes were prepared with these esters and their properties are also compared with that of the petroleum based products. Rheological properties of the inks are also evaluated and compared with standard printing ink using petroleum based solvent. In general performance of the ester-based printing inks are comparable with that of the mineral oil based product. On the basis of tack stability and gloss, ester based inks are much superior than the mineral oil based products. In conclusion, a new non-volatile diluent for printing ink has been developed. The diluent is made from common vegetable oils like rapeseed, soybean, rice bran and palm oil, a renewable source that is environmental friendly. Vegetable oil esters offer a cost effective solution for mineral oil based printing ink to meet VOCs regulations.     

The influence of trace components on the melting point of methyl soyate

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of various amounts of unsaponifiables and bound glycerol on the crystallization temperatures of methyl soyate used as biodiesel. The preparation of methyl esters did not affect the amount of unsaponifiable matter in biodiesel. A synthetic unsaponifiable mixture added to distilled methyl soyate and blends of methyl soyate and No. 1 diesel fuel (20:80, vol/vol) did not affect the crystallization onset temperature, cloud point, or pour point at concentrations up to 3% by weight. The amounts of monoglycerides and diglycerides in methyl soyate decreased from 2.60 and 9.87%, respectively, to 0% as the methanol/soybean oil ratio increased from 90 to 200% of the theoretical requirement. Transesterification reactions conducted with less than 130% of the theoretical amount of methanol resulted in methyl soyate with a higher cloud point because of the presence of saturated mono- and diglycerides. Pure mono- and diglycerides added to distilled methyl soyate at 0 to 1.0% did not change the pour point of the esters, but the cloud point of esters increased with increasing amount of saturated mono- or diglyceride. Pure saturated mono- or diglyceride presented in concentrations as low as 0.1% increased the cloud point of methyl soyate. Similar results were obtained with mono- and diglyceride mixtures present in incompletely converted methyl soyate.     

Reducing the crystallization temperature of biodiesel by winterizing methyl soyate

Methyl soyate, made from typical soybean varieties, has a crystallization onset temperature (T _co) of 3.7°C and, as a biodiesel fuel, is prone to crystallization of its high-melting saturated methyl esters at cold operating temperatures. Removal of saturated esters by winterization was assessed as a means of reducing theT _co of methyl soyate. Winterizing neat methyl esters of typical soybean oil produced aT _co of −7.1°C, but this was not an efficient way of removing saturated methyl esters because of the low yield (26%) of the separated liquid fraction. However, aT _co of −6.5°C with 86% yield was obtained by winterizing the neat methyl esters of a low-palmitate soybean oil; aT _co of −5.8°C with 77% yield was obtained by winterizing methyl esters of normal soybean oil diluted with hexane.     

Curing and mechanical characterization of a soy‐based epoxy resin system

A potentially inexpensive alternative epoxy resin system based on soybean oil has been developed for polymer composite applications. Epoxidized methyl soyate (EMS) and epoxidized allyl soyate (EAS) have been synthesized at the University of Missouri–Rolla. These materials consist of mixtures of epoxidized fatty acid esters. The epoxidized soy‐based resins provide better intermolecular crosslinking and yield materials that are stronger than materials obtained with commercially available epoxidized soybean oil (ESO). The curing behavior and glass transition have been monitored with differential scanning calorimetry. Neat resin test samples have been fabricated from resin systems containing various amounts of EMS, EAS, and ESO. Standardized tests have shown that the addition of EAS enhances the tensile and flexural properties of the base epoxy resin system. Therefore, epoxidized soy ester additives hold great potential for environmentally friendly and lower cost raw materials for the fabrication of epoxy composites for structural applications. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 3513–3518, 2004     

Monitoring a progressing transesterification reaction by fiber-optic near infrared spectroscopy with correlation to 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Biodiesel is a promising alternative diesel fuel obtained from vegetable oils, animal fats, or waste oils by transesterifying the oil or fat with an alcohol such as methanol. In an extension of previous work, fiber-optic near infrared spectroscopy was used to quantitatively monitor the transesterification reaction (6-L scale) of a vegetable oil (soybean oil) to methyl soyate. The results were correlated with ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The method described here can be applied to the transesterification of other vegetable oils.     

Fuel properties and emissions of soybean oil esters as diesel fuel

The effects of using blends of methyl and isopropyl esters of soybean oil with No. 2 diesel fuel were studied at several steady-state operating conditions in a four-cylinder turbocharged diesel engine. Fuel blends that contained 20, 50, and 70% methyl soyate and 20 and 50% isopropyl soyate were tested. Fuel properties, such as cetane number, also were investigated. Both methyl and isopropyl esters provided significant reductions in particulate emissions compared with No. 2 diesel fuel. A blend of 50% methyl ester and 50% No. 2 diesel fuel provided a reduction of 37% in the carbon portion of the particulates and 25% in the total particulates. The 50% blend of isopropyl ester and 50% No. 2 diesel fuel gave a 55% reduction in carbon and a 28% reduction in total particulate emissions. Emissions of carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons also were reduced significantly. Oxides of nitrogen increased by 12%.     

Metathesis of methyl soyate with ruthenium catalysts

Three ruthenium catalysts were investigated for the metathesis reaction of methyl soyate. Dichlorotris (triphenylphosphine) ruthenium II and bis (tricyclohexyl phosphine) benzylidine ruthenium (IV) dichloride displayed no reactivity at 40 °C and atmospheric pressure. However, ruthenium [1,3-bis-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-2-imidazolidinylidene] dichloro (phenylmethylene) tricyclohexylphosphine, Grubbs second generation catalyst, exhibited high activity at these mild conditions. After 2 h, 46% of the unsaturated methyl esters in a commercial methyl soyate were metathesized. This suggests a method to modify the structure of methyl soyate to improve diesel fuel performance properties.     

Partial separation of polyunsaturated fatty acid esters from FAMEs mixtures by adsorption on silver nitrate-impregnated silica gel

Mixtures of FAMEs derived from soybean and canola oils were fractionated by contacting their hexane solutions with AgNO₃/SiO₂ adsorbents. Methyl linolenate (18∶3) adsorbed most strongly, followed by methyl linoleate (18∶2), on the AgNO₃/SiO₂. Conditions of the extractions (AgNO₃ loading, amount of adsorbent, methyl soyate/hexane solution concentration, use of successive extractions, and methods of adsorbent regeneration) were varied. Under optimal conditions, the 7.0% of 18∶3 in methyl soyate could be reduced to 0.1%. The described process is a simple method for separating a FAMEs mixture into a fraction that is depleted in polyunsaturated FAMEs and one that is enriched.     

Low-temperature properties of triglyceride-based diesel fuels: Transesterified methyl esters and petroleum middle distillate/ester blends

This work examines low-temperature properties of triglyceride-based alternate fuels for direct-injection compression-ignition engines. Methyl esters from transesterified soybean oil were studied as neat fuels and in blends with petroleum middle distillates (No. 1 or No. 2 diesel fuel). Admixed methyl esters composed of 5–30 vol% tallowate methyl esters in soyate methyl esters were also examined. Pour points, cloud points, and kinematic viscosities were measured; viscosities at cooler temperatures were studied to evaluate effects of sustained exposure. Low-temperature filterability studies were conducted in accordance with two standard methodologies. The North American standard was the low-temperature flow test (LTFT), and its European equivalent was the cold-filter plugging point (CFPP). With respect to cold-flow properties, blending methyl esters with middle distillates is limited to relatively low ester contents before the properties become preclusive. Under most conditions, cold-flow properties were not greatly affected by admixing the methyl esters with up to 30 vol% tallowate (before blending). Least squares analysis showed that both LTFT and CFPP of formulations containing at least 10 vol% methyl esters are linear functions of cloud point. In addition, statistical analysis of the LTFT data showed a strong 1:1 correlation between LTFT and CP. This result may prove crucial in efforts to improve low-temperature flow properties of alternate diesel fuels that contain methyl esters derived from triglycerides.     

Improving the low-temperature properties of alternative diesel fuels: Vegetable oil-derived methyl esters

This work explores near-term approaches for improving the low-temperature properties of triglyceride oil-derived fuels for direct-injection compression-ignition (diesel) engines. Methyl esters from transesterified soybean oil were evaluated as a neat fuel and in blends with petroleum middle distillates. Winterization showed that the cloud point (CP) of methyl soyate may be reduced to −16°C. Twelve cold-flow additives marketed for distillates were tested by standard petroleum methodologies, including CP, pour point (PP), kinematic viscosity, cold filter plugging point (CFPP), and low-temperature flow test (LTFT). Results showed that additive treatment significantly improves the PP of distillate/methyl ester blends; however, additives do not greatly affect CP or viscosity. Both CFPP and LTFT were nearly linear functions of CP, a result that compares well with earlier studies with untreated distillate/methyl ester blends. In particular, additives proved capable of reducing LTFT of neart methyl esters by 5–6°C. This work supports earlier research on the low-temperature properties; that is, approaches for improving the cold flow of methyl ester-based diesel fuels should continue to focus on reducing CP.