Co(Ni)MoNx/γ-Al2O3催化剂对n-C8异构化反应的催化性能

利用程序升温还原氮化技术,制备了不同助剂含量的CoMoNx/γ-Al₂O₃与NiMoNx/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂,以正辛烷为模型化合物,在固定连续微型反应装置上考察了催化剂的异构化活性,结果表明,CoMoNx/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂比NiMoNx/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂的异构化活性高,异构烃选择性低。NiMoNx/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂异构化反应产物中正构烷烃和小分子支链烷烃含量低于CoMoNx/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂。CoMoNx/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂的高选择性仅在催化剂活性较低的情况下才能获得。     

Pd/Na2O/K2O/γ-Al2O3三元催化活性分析与评价

本文以浸渍法制备了活性γ-Al₂O₃涂层及Pd/Na₂O/K₂O/γ-Al₂O₃三元催化剂。考察了γ-Al₂O₃涂层比表面积随高温老化时间变化的规律。在实验室模拟尾气配气系统上，对Pd/Na₂O/K₂O/γ-Al₂O₃三元催化剂的起燃温度、抗高温老化及抗SO₂中毒能力进行了分析与评价。本文的γ-Al2O3涂层能经受1050℃的高温老化。Pd/Na₂O/K₂O/γ-Al₂O₃三元催化剂经900℃高温老化两次共13h后，其最大催化活性几乎不变，其老化样经600℃硫中毒1h后对CO和HC的催化转化率仍在75％以上。Pd/Na₂O/K₂O/γ-Al₂O₃新鲜样的起燃温度为280℃，二次老化样的起燃温度为320～350℃，具有很高三元催化活性。     

负载型湿式氧化催化剂RuO2/γ-Al2O3活性与稳定性

采用浸渍法制备了RuO₂/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂，以苯酚为目标有机物重点研究了进水pH值和温度对RuO₂/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂组分溶出和活性的影响.结果表明，催化剂在降解苯酚过程中存在着组分溶出现象，随着进水溶液pH值降低催化剂组分溶出量增加，且在进水为酸性时苯酚去除率高于碱性时的去除率.反应温度升高，催化剂组分溶出量降低，苯酚去除率增加.采用在负载型RuO₂/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂中掺杂Ce和Zr的方法对抑制催化剂组分溶出进行了初步研究，发现掺杂Ce和Zr后有效地降低了RuO₂/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂组分的溶出，且提高了催化剂的活性.     

漆包机废气净化催化剂的研制

以γ-Al₂O₃、铈锆固溶体（Ce_0.67Zr_0.33O₂）、以及两者混合物为二载涂层，制备了3种蜂窝瓷漆包机废气净化Pd催化剂，评价其对苯、二甲苯与甲酚催化燃烧的活性。结果表明，γ-Al₂O₃ 与Ce_0.67Zr_0.33O₂混合涂层具有良好的催化活性。采用XRD与BET表征手段，分析了γ-Al₂O₃ 与Ce_0.67Zr_0.33O₂混合涂层具有较好的抗烧结能力，有助于保持活性组分高度分散。     

γ-Al2O3在CeO2-La2O3催化还原SO2中的作用

考察了反应温度对γ-Al₂O₃、CeO₂-La₂O₃和CeO₂-La₂O₃/γ-Al₂O₃催化CO还原SO₂到单质硫活性的影响。采用XRD表征了催化剂反应前后的物相变化。结果表明，温度过低或过高均不利于γ-Al₂O₃催化CO还原SO₂的反应。γ-Al₂O₃的介入提高了CeO₂和La₂O₃的分散性，使Redox 和COS两种反应机理在同一催化剂上的协同作用增强，使CeO₂-La₂O₃/γ-Al₂O₃在催化还原SO₂的反应中具有更低的反应温度和更高的活性。     

富氢气氛中CO的选择性氧化——碱金属助剂对Pt/γ-Al2O3催化剂性能的影响

研究了碱金属助剂对Pt/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂选择性氧化富氢气氛中CO性能的影响。结果表明，碱金属助剂的引入对Pt/γ-Al₂O₃的催化性能有不同程度的改变，其中添加Na和K后，能明显提高低温下的CO转化率。     

载体对Ni基催化剂催化蒽醌加氢活性的影响

研究了载体对Ni基催化剂用于蒽醌法制备H₂O₂加氢活性的影响,同时对比了骨架镍的催化活性,考察Ni负载量对催化剂活性的影响。结果表明,负载在SiO₂上的催化剂比负载在γ-Al₂O₃上的催化活性高,对于Ni/SiO₂催化剂,Ni负载质量分数28.57%～50%时,加氢活性较高,按单位质量纯Ni上H₂O₂产量计算,Ni/SiO₂优于骨架镍催化剂,Ni负载量过高时,加氢活性降低。2-乙基蒽醌在Ni/SiO₂催化剂上的加氢为结构敏感型反应,当Ni在SiO₂的分散度达到约18%时,催化活性较佳。     

ClO2催化氧化含酚废水的实验研究

采用浸渍法制备Fe/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂,用于ClO₂催化氧化处理含酚废水,研究废水初始pH、ClO₂用量、催化剂加入量、反应温度和催化剂重复使用等因素对含酚废水总有机碳(TOC)去除率的影响。结果表明,在pH为7、V(ClO₂)∶V(酚溶液)=0.20、Fe/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂加入量20 g·L^-1和反应温度20 ℃条件下,Fe/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂能连续使用7次,保持稳定的催化活性,对含酚废水的TOC去除率为58.83%。     

Ce1-xCuxO2-x/Al2O3催化剂的制备及其甲烷催化燃烧性能

以γ-Al₂O₃为载体，采用共浸渍法制备了负载型Ce_1-xCu_xO_2-x/Al₂O₃催化剂（x=0～1）以及不同Ce_0.2Cu_0.8O_1.2含量的Ce_0.2Cu_0.8O_1.2/Al₂O₃催化剂，采用XRD、TPR等现代分析测试手段对催化剂的结构进行了表征，评价了催化剂的甲烷催化燃烧性能.结果表明，Ce_1-xCu_xO_2-x/Al₂O₃催化剂中Ce和Cu的摩尔比显著影响催化剂的催化性能，在载体γ-Al₂O₃表面，Ce和Cu形成了固溶体，从而提高了Cu的分散性，改变了Ce和Cu的氧化还原性能，提高了催化剂的甲烷催化燃烧性能，并且Ce和Cu之间存在着协同作用.     

Sn催化剂对柴油车排气颗粒去除效果

制备了以Sn为活性组分,以Cu、K、V为助催化剂,以TiO₂/γ-Al₂O₃/堇青石为载体的催化剂,催化剂在700℃下于空气中在马弗炉活化3h.采用DSC/TG测试方法确定催化剂的活性.研究发现,以Sn为活性组分的催化剂能显著降低颗粒的起燃温度和扩大燃烧温度范围,Cu、 K、V的添加能进一步降低起燃温度,而燃烧温度范围却稍有所变窄.活化会降低催化活性,活化导致活性下降的原因不是由催化剂的烧结引起的,而是由活性组分的挥发流失造成的.     

Observations on the Aging Environment Dependent NO Oxidation Activity of Model Pt/Al2O3 Diesel Oxidation Catalyst

The influence of aging environment of model diesel oxidation catalyst Pt/Al₂O₃ on the NO oxidation activity is studied. The fresh catalyst Pt/Al/F (calcined in air at 500 °C) is aged with or without phosphorus (P) poisoning (7.5 wt%) at 800 °C either in air (P/Pt/Al/O or Pt/Al/O) or in simulated diesel exhaust (P/Pt/Al/R or Pt/Al/R). Catalyst aged under diesel exhaust environment (Pt/Al/R) surprisingly presents the best NO oxidation activity under excess of O₂ followed by the fresh (Pt/Al/F) and thermally aged (Pt/Al/O) catalysts. The activity difference between the catalysts is quite large, especially between Pt/Al/R and Pt/Al/O that are aged at the same temperatures but under different environments suggesting the importance of the aging environment for the catalytic activity. The NO oxidation activity of P poisoned catalysts P/Pt/Al/R and P/Pt/Al/O is minute as compared to their P free counter parts indicating that chemical aging is more detrimental for catalytic efficiency than thermal aging.     

Mechanical Activation of Self-Propagating High-Temperature-Synthesized LaFeO3 to be Used as Catalyst for Diesel Soot Oxidation

We proposed active catalyst of SHSed LaFeO₃ (LFO) as alternatives to precious metals such as platinum for promoting the oxidation of diesel particulate matter. Significantly, the LFO samples exhibited good catalytic activity for the oxidation of carbon black, though their surface area was smaller than that of Pt/Al₂O₃.     

过渡金属对Pt/SiC催化剂上CO氧化性能的影响

以SiC为载体、Pt为活性组分、过渡金属Fe、Co和Ni为助剂,采用浸渍法制备CO氧化催化剂。考察浸渍方法、助剂及其负载量、空速和催化剂焙烧温度等对Pt/SiC催化剂性能的影响。结果表明,助剂的加入提高了活性组分Pt在载体表面的分散度,并产生一定的相互作用,从而提高了催化剂活性,其中,铁助剂的助催化效果较好。共浸渍法制备的催化剂的催化活性优于分步浸渍法,Pt-Fe/SiC催化剂制备中焙烧温度500 ℃时,催化剂活性较佳,适量Fe助剂的添加能够显著提高Pt/SiC催化剂的活性。     

Low Cost, Ceria Promoted Perovskite Type Catalysts for Diesel Soot Oxidation

Perovskite type catalysts with SrCoO₃ and Sr_0.8Ce_0.2CoO₃ compositions have been prepared by co-precipitation and other methods and, their catalytic activity towards diesel particulate matter (PM)/carbon oxidation has been evaluated under the loose contact condition. These catalysts show excellent catalytic activity for PM/carbon oxidation, despite their low surface area and under the loose contact condition. The synergistic effects of Ce incorporation in perovskite and presence of a small amount of potassium appears to be responsible for the high soot oxidation activity of these perovskite type materials. The Ce incorporation seems to be contributing by enhancing the redox property of the catalyst, while it appears unlikely that potassium is contributing by improving the catalyst–soot contact through its volatization. The catalysts show excellent thermal stability and stable activity under repeated cycles of use.     

Oscillatory CO Oxidation Over Pt/Al2O3 Catalysts Studied by In situ XAS and DRIFTS

Fresh and mildly aged Pt/Al₂O₃ model diesel oxidation catalysts with small and large noble metal particle size have been studied during CO oxidation under lean burn reaction conditions to gain more insight into the structure and oscillatory reaction behaviour. The catalytic performance, CO adsorption characteristics using in situ DRIFTS and oxidation state using in situ XAS were correlated. Stable and pronounced oscillations only occurred over the catalyst with smaller particle sizes. Characteristic for this catalyst are low-coordinated surface Pt sites (more corner and edge atoms) which seem to become oxidized at elevated temperature as evidenced by in situ DRIFTS and in situ XAS. In situ XAS further uncovered that the oxidation of the Pt surface starts from the end of the catalyst bed and the oxidation state oscillates like the catalytic activity.     

Rh oxide reducibility and catalytic activity of model Pt–Rh catalysts

Pt and Rh were impregnated by different methods into the washcoat to investigate the differences in Rh oxidation state and catalytic activity of the samples. Both fresh and laboratory aged samples were studied. Clear differences in catalytic activity were noticed between the catalysts with different Pt and Rh addition methods. The best oxidation activity for fresh catalysts was achieved with the catalyst having both Pt and Rh deposited into the Ce–Zr mixed oxide. However, this state was observed to be unstable, and hence, this particular catalyst was dramatically deactivated in air ageing at high temperature. After ageing, the catalyst having both Pt and Rh impregnated lastly into the entire calcined washcoat matrix had the best activity in all three reactions, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon oxidation and nitrogen oxide reduction. According to XPS studies, Rh was in easily reducible form in all the fresh samples. After ageing, the highest portion of reducible Rh was observed in the sample having also the best catalytic activity.     

Graphite Electrodes Modified with Platinum‐Nickel Nano‐Particles for Methanol Oxidation

Methanol electro‐oxidation is investigated at graphite electrodes modified with various platinum and nickel nano‐particle deposits using cyclic voltammetry. The modified electrodes are prepared by the simultaneous electrodeposition of metals from their salt solutions using potentiostatic and galvanostatic techniques. They show enhanced catalytic activity towards methanol oxidation in KOH solution. The catalytic activity of platinum nano‐particles is found to be significantly affected by the presence of relatively small amounts of nickel deposits. A comparison is made between the electrocatalytic activity of Pt/C and (Pt‐Ni)/C electrodes. The results show that the methanol electro‐oxidation current increases with an increase in the nickel content. In particular, the highest catalytic activity is achieved for platinum to nickel deposits of 95%:5% (wt.‐%), in other cases the catalytic activity decreases. It is found that Ni enhances the catalytic activity of Pt by increasing the number of active sites, as well as through an electron donation process from Ni to Pt. This process takes place once the nickel hydroxide (Ni(OH)₂)/nickel oxy‐hydroxide (NiOOH) transformation begins. The effect of the methanol concentration on the methanol oxidation reaction is investigated. The order of reaction, with respect to methanol, at the modified (Pt‐Ni)/C electrode is found to be 0.5.     

Effects of iron-tetrasulfophthalocyanine on the catalytic activities of Pt/C,PtRu/C,and Pd/C catalysts in a multi-anode direct formic acid fuel cell

This paper reports a systematic study of the effects of a promoter, iron-tetrasulfophthalocyanine (FeTSPc), on the catalytic activities of carbon supported Pt, PtRu, and Pd catalysts (Pt/C, PtRu/C, and Pd/C) for formic acid oxidation. A multi-anode direct formic acid fuel cell (DFAFC) was used to compare the effects on each catalyst of adding FeTSPc to the fuel stream. The FeTSPc significantly enhanced the activity of the Pt/C catalyst, but had little effect on the PtRu/C catalyst. The activity of the Pd/C catalyst was inhibited by the FeTSPc. A FeTSPc modified Pt/C was also evaluated in a conventional 5 cm² DFAFC.     

Catalytic oxidation for carbon-black simulating diesel particulate matter over promoted Pt/Al2O3 catalysts

Catalytic oxidation activity of carbon-black (CB) simulating the soot of diesel particulate matters to CO₂ over 3Pt/Al₂O₃, 3Pt5Mn/Al₂O₃ and 3Pt/30Ba–Al₂O₃ catalysts is investigated with model gases of diesel emission. In case of the large amount of CB compared to the amount of catalyst (3/1, w/w) in the mixture sample, insufficient oxygen at the point of sudden increase in the amount of CO₂ is leaded to the partial oxidation using the lattice oxygen of the catalyst. And the peaks of CO₂ after the first peak were attributed to the regional combustion of the CB, which was not in contact with catalyst particles. The fresh 3Pt5Mn was estimated to the oxidation states on the catalyst surface by XPS. For used sample at 700 °C, the BEs of Pt 4d5 was revealed to metallic state Pt(0) (314.4 eV) in a predominant levels compared with Pt(II) (317.3 eV). While BEs of Mn 2p were similar to that obtained from the fresh 3Pt5Mn. It is suggested that Pt is in charge of the roles in CB-oxidation, using the lattice oxygen of the catalyst. Two-stage catalytic system with the strategies of promoting the soot oxidation and NO_x reduction, simultaneously, were composed of the CB oxidation catalyst and the diesel oxidation catalyst. The catalytic oxidation of CB was accelerated by activated oxidants and exothermic reaction resulted from the diesel oxidation catalyst, which lies in upstream of two-stage. But the system with the CB oxidation catalyst sited in the upstream showed the initiation of CB oxidation at a lower temperature than the other case. Two-stage catalytic system composed of 3Pt5Mn with CB in the upstream and DOC in the downstream showed high oxidation activity with 95% consumption rate of CB to the total loaded CB in the range of 100–500 °C during the TPR process.