喷射式环流反应器的研究

本文在内径为95mm的喷射式环流反应器内,实验测定了聚结和非聚结物系的流体力学与传质特性.指出了分清聚结与非聚结物系在该反应器放大研究中的意义.根据动量衡算,推出了喷射式环流反应器的流动模型.并利用实验数据检验了流动模型的可靠性.     

喷射环流反应器内宏观混和特性研究

通过实验分析研究了喷射环流反应器内宏观混和特性各影响因素的作用.分别采用水,水-细沙,丙三醇溶液等为实验物料,测定宏观混和时间和内循环液速.通过调整外循环流量大小和喷嘴位置,记录各混和特性的变化.结果表明:不同物料下,外循环流量对混和时间和内循环液速的影响都很大,混和时间均随循环流量的增大而缩短,内循环液速随着循环流量...     

喷射环流三相流化床反应器轴向液速分布的研究

在喷射环流三相流化床反应器中，应用本文所开发的内热式热膜流体速率探头，获得了带有沉降分离区的夹套式环流反应器在不同压力、气量、流量条件下，不同轴向位置的液体速率分布规律。对于本文所述这类反应器，喷射区流体运动速率最大；自喷口向上，速率先是随距离的增大易急骤下降，然后逐渐向一渐近点逼近；当进入环隙转折口处时，由于气体的逸出及流道的变化液速急骤下降；凝固相进入环隙时，液速随距离的变化也存在渐近点。当采用变径结构时，流道面积突变处的液速变化率仅次于喷射入口区。在环流反应器中，液速主要取决于喷射动能及气提推动力，受液体进料量及压力的影响较小。     

气相三氧化硫甲苯磺化工艺及喷射环流反应器

主要介绍了气相三氧化硫甲苯磺化新工艺及喷射环流磺化反应器的结构。     

下喷自吸环流反应器内液相局部流动特性

对下喷自吸环流反应器内气－液两相流和气－液－固三相流体系的液相局部流动物性进行了深入的实验研究。采用改进皮托管法和线－线双探针电导法分别对液相瞬时速度和液含率进行了微机在线测量，并借助湍流统计理论对液相局部流动参数和局部液含率进行了统计分析和处理，着重讨论了喷射液体流量和固体粒子加入量分别对喷射有效区和导流筒内管流区液相局部流动参数和液含率的影响。     

高压羰基合成喷射式环流反应器数学模拟

以吉化公司丁辛醇生产中高压羰基合成反应器为例，对高温、高压反应状况下的喷射式环流反应器内的流体流动模型及反应动力学方程进行了分析和讨论，建立了多釜串联数学模型，并应用计算机技术对模型求解。结果表明多釜串联模型能较好地模拟实际的反应过程。     

加压环流反应器气含率分布实验研究

在Φ600mm×6000mm的中心气升式不锈钢环流反应器内,选用水、氮气、氩气作为实验介质,在连续进料的操作条件下,表观液速UL为0.008m·s-1,表观气速Ug范围是0.02~0.12m·s-1,在体系压力0~2.0MPa的压力条件下进行实验,测量了各个区域的气含率。结果表明环流反应器各个区域的气含率各不相同,但均随空塔气速以及体系压力的增加而增大。相同的工况下,添加正丁醇的体系气含率明显高于纯水体系,对于确定体系的环流反应器,循环液速不会随体系压力和空塔气速增大而一直增大,当体系压力和空塔气速大过某一个值时,循环液速基本不再变化。     

气液逆流喷射式外环流反应器的液相返混特性

在气液逆流喷射式外环流反应器中,采用电解质脉冲示踪法对液相停留时间分布进行测量,考察不同操作条件以及液相进料位置对液相返混的影响。实验结果表明,随着射流速度u_j或表观气速u_g的增加,液相返混程度先减小后增大;当气速较低且u_j较大时,底部进料的液相返混程度大于喷嘴进料的液相返混程度;而在气速较低且u_j较小以及气速较高条件下,底部进料的液相返混程度小于喷嘴进料的液相返混程度。研究结果可为气液逆流喷射式外环流反应器中液相进料位置的选取及液相返混程度的调控提供指导。     

环隙气升式气固环流反应器内床层密度的实验研究

针对工业化中气-固环流反应器存在的缺陷,提出了一种新型的环隙气升式气固环流反应器. 在一套冷模装置内系统地考察了局部床层密度分布. 实验中实现了稳定、连续的环隙气升式环流,环流推动力随着环隙区表观气速的增加而增加,随着导流筒区表观气速的增加而减小,当导流筒区表观气速为0.2 m/s时,颗粒环流方向改变为中心气升式. 受结构特性的影响,催化剂密度在导流筒区和环隙区沿径向的分布具有一定的不均匀性,在底部r/R≤0.47区域颗粒未能充分流化,床层密度接近820 kg/m3,在底部0.47≤r/R≤1.0区域颗粒流化较好,床层密度小于450 kg/m3;随着环隙区表观气速由0.2 m/s增加至0.54 m/s,环隙区、导流筒区平均密度分别降低约70和33 kg/m3,随着导流筒区表观气速由0.06 m/s增加至0.2 m/s,环隙区平均密度增加约90 kg/m3,导流筒区平均密度降低约33 kg/m3.     

液固下喷自吸环流反应器流体力学特性

采用改进皮托管测定了液固下喷自吸环流反应器中的液体平均速度及液相湍流强度分布,采用PV4A颗粒浓度速度测量仪测定了固含率分布。试验结果表明:随着液体喷射流量的增大,液体平均速度、液相湍流强度及固含率均增大;在导流筒内液相平均速度近似管流分布,在环隙中的速度分布基本均匀;在导流筒和环隙内固含率沿径向分布均匀。该研究对于下喷环流反应器的放大与优化有重要指导意义。     

Effect of liquid viscosity on gas holdups in a reversed flow jet loop reactor

The effect of draft tube diameter and liquid viscosity on overall and annulus gas holdups were studied in a reversed flow jet loop reactor. The draft tube diameter to reader diameter ratio (D_d / D) and liquid viscosity were varied in the ranges 0.34-0.67 and 1.5-43 mPa. s, respectively. The maximum gas holdup was obtained when the D_d / D value ranged btween 0.47 and 0.61. The gas holdup decreased with increasing viscosity. Empirical correlations are presented to predict the gas holdups.     

Hydrodynamics in down flow jet loop reactor

Gas holdup and liquid circulation time were measured in a down flow jet loop reactor for air–water system. It was observed that the circulation time decreases with an increase in nozzle diameter, draft tube to column diameter ratio and liquid velocity. Th gas holdup increases with an increase in gas and liquid velocities. The optimum draft tube to column diameter ratio was found to be 0.438. Correlations for gas holdup and circulation time involving operational and geometrical variables are presented.     

Influence of geometry on gas holdups in a reversed flow jet loop reactor

The effects of ratio of draft tube to reactor diameter (D_d/D), liquid nozzle diameter (d_N), aeration tube diameter (d_G) and immersion height of the two-fluid nozzle into the draft tube (H_N) on overall and annulus gas holdups for the air-water system were evaluated experimentally in a reversed flow jet loop reactor over wide ranges of gas and liquid flow rates. Both the gas holdups increased with increasing gas and liquid flow rates and with decreasing d_N and H_N. The influence of d_G on gas holdups is found to vary with gas flow rates. Correlations are proposed to predict gas holdups.     

Gas holdup in a two‐phase reversed flow jet loop reactor

Experimental investigations have been carried out in Reversed Flow Jet Loop Reactor (RFJLR) to study the influence of liquid flow rate, gas flow rate, immersion height of two‐fluid nozzle in reactor and nozzle diameter on gas holdup without circulation, that is, gas–liquid mixture in draft tube only (E_gd) and gas holdup with circulation loop (E_g). Also critical liquid flow rate required for transition from draft tube to circulation loop has been determined. Gas holdup was measured by isolation valve technique. Gas holdup in draft tube and circulation loop increased with increase in liquid flow rate and gas flow rate. It is observed that the increased flow rate is required for achieving a particular value of gas holdup with larger nozzle diameter. Nozzle at the top edge of draft tube have higher gas holdup as compared to other positions. It has been noted that, no significant recirculation of gas bubbles into the top of draft tube from annulus section has been observed till a particular liquid flow rate is reached. A plot of gas holdup with no circulation and with circulation mode determines minimum liquid flow rate required to achieve complete circulation loop. Critical liquid flow rate required to achieve complete circulation loop increases with increase in gas flow rate and is minimum at lowest immersion height of two‐fluid nozzle.     

Studies on the hydrodynamic behavior and mass transfer in a down‐flow jet loop reactor with a coaxial draft tube

The effects of certain pertinent parameters such as gas and liquid flow rates and nozzle position on the behavior of a down‐flow jet loop reactor (DJR) have been studied. The mean residence times of gas and liquid phases and the gas holdup within the reactor have been measured. In addition, the overall volumetric mass transfer coefficient, and the influence of the gas flow rate and the position of the nozzle inside the draft tube on the latter has been determined. Correlations have been presented for the gas holdup and k_La which take into account the length of the draft tube and the nozzle immersion height. The k_La values obtained at different power per unit volume (P/V) values in the DJR used in the present study compare favorably with data presented for stirred tanks and bubble columns in the literature. The liquid residence time distribution (RTD) within the reactor has been studied by tracer analysis for various operating conditions and nozzle immersion height and the results are indicative of the high mixing intensities that can be obtained in such reactions. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

液体喷射环流反应器在液相催化氧化制备芴酮中的应用

以液体喷射环流反应器为氧化反应装置,液相催化氧化芴制备芴酮。通过考察物料循环速度、反应温度、催化剂用量和溶剂的含水量等因素对芴酮收率的影响,得出最佳氧化反应条件。     

气液喷射反应器内液滴粒径分布PLIF研究

气液喷射反应器是一种高强度反应器,反应器内部液滴粒径大小和分布对反应收率和选择性具有决定性影响。本文建立了气液喷射反应器内液滴粒径分布测量实验装置,并利用面激光诱导荧光（PLIF）技术对气液喷射反应器内液滴粒径分布进行了研究,得到不同气液流率情况下的液滴粒径的分布规律,结果显示：液相流率不变时,随气相流率的增大,反应器内液滴平均粒径逐渐减小,分布范围变小; 气相流率不变时,随液相流率的增大,液滴平均粒径逐渐减小,粒径分布趋于集中。     

多相气升式环流反应器局部相含率和环流速度

气升式环流反应器流动特性研究大多都局限于流动参数的平均特性研究,涉及气-液-固系统流动特性的研究也较少。在200×2500mm气升式环流反应器内,实验研究了空气-水两相及空气-水-玻璃珠三相体系中局部气、固相含率以及浆(液)相环流特性等随操作条件以及液、固相物性的变化规律。结果表明:1两相体系导流筒中截面平均气含率轴向分布有局部极大值,而固体和乙醇的加入使得气含率轴向分布平缓;2两相体系循环液速在导流筒中呈径向抛物分布,在环隙分布较均匀,加入固体和乙醇后对循环速度分布和大小影响不大;3三相体系中导流筒内固含率沿轴向升高呈增大趋势,环隙内轴向分布均匀;导流筒内、外固含率径向分布均不均匀,以近壁处为大;加入乙醇后对固含率分布影响不大。