广州蓄能水电厂自适应微机调速器控制算法研究

针对抽水蓄能机组调速器控制工况繁多、控制逻辑较常规水火电机组复杂的问题,以广州蓄能水电厂# 4蓄能机组调速器为倒,介绍了发电与抽水工况下蓄能机组调速器的控制逻辑、相关算法及监控系统与调速器配合完成机组的有功控制过程,可供其他抽水蓄能电厂控制调速器参考.     

广州抽水蓄能电站下库坝扬压力监测资料分析

为了解广州蓄能水电厂下库坝的实际运行情况,对广州抽水蓄能电站下库坝扬压力纵横段面测点在2004~2006年间的观测资料进行了对比分析,同时利用统计模型分析了扬压力的影响因素。结果表明,广州抽水蓄能电站下库坝纵横断面的扬压力分布基本符合客观规律,帷幕及排水措施发挥的效果基本良好;扬压力主要受库水位影响较大,其他因素影响较小。     

广蓄B厂调相压水周期过长探讨及改进

分析了广州蓄能水电厂B厂由于高压气机及高压气系统效率降低导致调相压水周期过长，无法及时转入抽水调相（CP）工况运行的原因。通过处理压水管路漏气点、高压气机漏气、漏油点及将备用高压气机投入运行的技术改造，提高了高压气系统运行效率，满足及时启动CP工况的系统要求。该技术改造缩短单次CP启动高压气机运行时间，实现了高压气系统...     

我国电力工业50年发展之最

●山东邹县发电厂———我国最大的火力发电厂 ,目前总装机容量 2 40 0ＭＷ ,年发电量 1 2 0亿ｋＷｈ。●四川省二滩水电厂———我国最大的水电厂 ,总计总机容量 6× 5 5 0ＭＷ ,年发电量 1 70亿ｋＷｈ。电站大坝为溢流式双曲拱坝 ,坝高 2 40Ｍ ,居国内第一 ,世界第三高坝。●广东大亚湾核电站———我国最大的压水堆核电站。装有国外引进的 2台 90 0ＭＷ压水堆核电机组 ,1 994年投入商业运行。●广州蓄能水力发电厂———我国第一座高水头、大容量抽水蓄能电厂 ,一期容量 1 2 0 0ＭＷ ,予计 2 0 0 0年全部投运后 ,将建成世界最大的抽水蓄…     

异步开导叶对蓄能机组振动影响浅析

抽水蓄能电站具有水头高、水头变幅大、工况转换频繁和输水系统中存在双向水流等特性,使得蓄能机组在低水头下运行时,空载稳定性不好,难以并网。目前较为有效的方法是采用异步开导叶方法,但是通常会加剧机组的振动,给机组的长期运行带来不利影响。文中描述了异步开导叶方法在惠州蓄能水电厂机组的应用,并对比分析了相应的振动数据。     

广蓄B厂上位机系统改造技术研究

广州蓄能水电厂B厂计算机监控系统上位机为西门子RPOKON-LSX系统,该系统从投产至今运行时间已长达16年,系统运行中所存在的硬件老化和软件功能缺失问题已经严重影响电厂的安全生产运行。针对广蓄B厂监控系统上位机改造过程中存在的新老系统通信等技术难题进行了研究,提出了与西门子SIMATIC S5 PLC直接数据通信和间接数据通信2种解决方案,并对这2种解决方案做了技术对比分析。最后简要叙述了广蓄B厂后续现地控制单元改造的实施方案。     

抽水蓄能电站工程应用小断面TBM的直接成本优化研究

小断面TBM在抽水蓄能电站排水廊道和自流排水洞已经得到推广运用,本文本着合理成本、合理利润,促进机械化推广应用的原则,依托TBM在抽水蓄能电站的应用实际,探索降本增效和成本优化的方法,推进抽水蓄能高质量建设。     

中型抽水蓄能机组的有关问题探讨

国内研制抽水蓄能机组起步较晚，缺乏足够的设计制造经验，一时难于承担大型抽水蓄能机组的生产任务。但制造难度不大的中型抽水蓄能机组，则可通过国际技术合作与引进部分关键部件；或者由国内合资厂运用外方的先进技术等措施，在国内是可以承担中型抽水蓄能机组的设计制作任务的。     

大型蓄能机组运行稳定性分析

以惠州蓄能水电厂#3蓄能机组为例,选取了机组SR(空载)工况和分别带50、70、90、110、130、150、170、190、200、220、250、300MW负荷等13个运行工况,通过现场实测520、529、540m三个毛水头下机组在各运行工况下振动、摆度及水压力脉动的变化规律,将机组的运行工况划分为小负荷振动区、涡带工况区及大负荷稳定运行区3个运行区,确定了机组在不同毛水头下的振动区范围,进而将蓄能机组振动区定为SR工况～170MW。     

国家发展和改革委员会就做好今冬明春电力运行工作发出通知

近日，《国家发展改革委关于做好今冬明春电力运行工作的通知》发布，《通知》指出，今年夏季，全国大部分省级电网用电负荷都创出历史新高。各地区、各有关部门按照国务院的部署，积极采取有效措施，较好地完成了迎峰度夏任务。当前，发用电增幅均保持较高水平，全国多半水电厂水位偏低、蓄能不足，为切实做好今冬明春电力供应保障，增强电力对经济社会发展的支撑，     

Free-standing PV for commercial applications

RWE SCHOTT Solar have recently introduced the SunRoof◐ FS, a freestanding solar electric system for flat-roof commercial and public buildings. The new system allows users to maintain the integrity of their roofs by eliminating roof penetrations while providing an economical means of generating electricity. The system’s lightweight mounting structure (less than 4 lbs per square foot) is comprised of rugged materials and a stainless steel base that will withstand UV radiation and high temperatures as well as high winds or earthquakes. The SunRoof◐ FS system’s solar arrays are tilted to provide better power generation with maximum cooling and drainage. The open-air structure of the system allows for air circulation and cooling beneath the modules and easy access for inspection and roof maintenance. The SunRoof FS has a 5-degree tilt angle, even on flat rooftops, which improves system performance, generating up to 4% more energy than a flat array. It also has increased output due to cooler operating temperatures. The systems are available in standard 30, 45, and 100 kW sizes and can be customized to meet any energy requirements. RWE has secured a provisional patent for the SunRoof FS design, and has full patent applications for the FS design pending before US, European, and Japanese patent authorities.This is a short news story only. Visit www.re-focus.net for the latest renewable energy news.     

暖风器及其相关蒸汽和疏水系统设计研究

  [目的]  针对目前多个火电厂一次风机和送风机进出口的暖风器运行中存在的极端低温情况下暖风器出口风温偏小、管道振动、疏水不畅等问题,提出解决方案。  [方法]  文章拟通过对几个工程暖风器及其关的汽水系统和布置设计与实际运行情况进行分析比较。  [结果]  在技术规范书编制时要求厂家核算在极端低温环境温度下暖风器的面积要满足空预器冷端风温要求。在施工图设计阶段,应优化暖风器汽水系统,使其达到便于控制和节能的要求;暖风器宜高位布置,让暖风器本体疏水能通过自流的方式到达疏水排放点;在调试阶段,对于疏水管道布置存在U型时,在启动初期、疏水压力不足时在低位点设放水管。在运行维护阶段,需要充分利用控制系统,把暖风器的疏水和风温控制结合起来,确保系统安全、稳定、经济运行。  [结论]  文章的中分析和研究是基于理论和其它工程优化的案例进行的,有实际应用价值,可供其它工程参考。     

城市内涝综合设计暴雨研究

随着城市化进程的加快,城市暴雨致灾所导致的社会影响和经济损失越来越大,合理规划城区内排水体系就成为当前的研究难点。针对城市排水体系中区域排涝和市政排水综合设计需求,首先对现行城市排涝和城市排水相关设计暴雨规范进行分析,由此提出城市内涝综合设计暴雨计算与评判方法,并以武汉市汉口区黄孝河地区排水系统为例进行了综合设计暴雨和排涝流量计算。结果表明,考虑降雨强度和降雨总量的综合设计暴雨方法,符合研究区域特性,能较好地将城市排水与排涝设计有机联系起来,满足排水与排涝综合设计需求。该研究成果可应用于城市防洪、排水排涝系统现状评估和城市规划等方面。     

合成泡沫喷雾灭火系统应用于变压器灭火的设计与计算

合成泡沫喷雾灭火系统在大型油浸式主变压器的消防设计中得到越来越多的应用。文章阐述了合成泡沫喷雾灭火系统的系统构成和动作流程,结合工程实例对主要设计与计算过程进行了梳理,并对如何使合成泡沫喷雾灭火系统的设计与计算更加合理、规范提出了相应的建议。     

基于MIKE FLOOD的深圳市机场排涝泵站工程设计及运行模拟

为有效提升排涝泵站设计精度和操作适用性,以深圳市机场排涝泵站为例,基于MIKE FLOOD构建耦合了雨水管网、河道、泵站等工程设施的综合系统模型,对排涝泵站上游河道沿程水位的变化及排水需求进行模拟分析,并基于计算结果确定了泵站的设计规模及调度方式。结果表明,利用数学模型对排水系统进行适当概化和仿真模拟,基于设计降雨情景可对排涝泵站规模和运行规则进行精确地设计计算,可为城市排涝泵站工程设计提供技术借鉴。     

Multi-objective optimization of rotary regenerator using genetic algorithm

The rotary regenerator (heat wheel) is an important heat recovery equipment, which rotates between two cold and hot streams. The pressure drop and effectiveness of rotary regenerator are important parameters in optimal design of this equipment for industrial applications. For optimal design of such a system, it was thermally modeled using -NTU method to estimate its pressure drop and effectiveness. Frontal area, ratio of hot to cold frontal heat transfer area, matrix thickness, matrix rotational speed, matrix rod diameter and porosity were considered as design parameters. Then fast and elitist non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) method was applied to find the optimum values of design parameters. In the presented optimal design approach, the effectiveness and the total pressure drop are two objective functions. The results of optimal designs were a set of multiple optimum solutions, called ‘Pareto optimal solutions’. The sensitivity analysis of change in optimum effectiveness and pressure drop with change in design parameters of the regenerator was also performed and the results are reported.     

Case study: Comparison of enhanced heavy-oil recovery by CGI,WAG, and GAGD

Continuous gas injection (CGI) in the conventional horizontal flooding patterns leads to severe gravity segregation and poor reservoir contact (sweep) volumes. To improve the sweep efficiency, the Water-Alternating-Gas (WAG) process has been widely practiced in the industry. However, the WAG process has not measured up to expectations, as evidenced by the low recoveries observed in several field cases.

The Gas-Assisted Gravity Drainage (GAGD) process is designed and practiced based on gravity drainage idea and uses the advantage of density difference between injected gas and reservoir oil to overcome the drawbacks of the WAG process.

In this study, a comparison of enhanced heavy-oil recovery by three methods (CGI, WAG, and GAGD) is conducted by a commercial numerical simulator in a sector model of an Iranian offshore field. For this purpose, different production scenarios are designed. Moreover, the effect of several parameters such as injection fluid (CO₂, hydrocarbon gas), in situ oil viscosity (heavy or extremely heavy oil), rate and volume of injection, and also three different WAG ratios are studied.

The results show that the GAGD method is not suitable for this field as the thickness of pay zone is low for vertical sweep efficiency and causes early breakthrough of injected gas. Also, CGI leads to lower recoveries compared to the WAG process, due to its unfavorable mobility ratio. Injection of CO₂ instead of hydrocarbon gas results in higher sweep efficiency because of its viscosity reduction and swelling effects. In case of extremely heavy-oil recovery, with decreasing well spacing, the oil recovery factor increases as the drainage radius of wells reduces substantially due to high-viscosity oil.     

中美压型钢板—混凝土组合楼板设计对比研究

通过比对美国《组合楼板结构设计规范》与我国(CECS 273—2010和JGJ 99—98)关于组合楼板设计的有关规定,分别对组合楼板施工阶段和使用阶段的设计进行对比,分析了组合楼板施工阶段的荷载及组合、承载力设计及变形的异同,以及组合楼板使用阶段的抗弯强度、剪切—粘结强度、斜截面抗剪强度和挠度的异同,为我国的涉外工程设计以及国内规范的修订提供参考依据。     

How can we jump in process system synthesis?

Synthesis or creation of a new process system may be one of the most attractive work for engineers. At present we are requested to propose new systems to develop a sustainable society and to keep the globe clean. For creation of ideas, some jump mechanism in brain is required, since there is no explicit algorithm for it.The contents of this paper are based on my experiences. First, the basic mechanism of human brain is discussed. Then three phases of process system synthesis are discussed in analogy to the architectural design of our own house. New thermodynamic approaches are developed for these three phases of design.

• 1.Concept generation,
• 2.Creation of functional structures,
• 3.Effective utilization of energy.