Ultrastructural and cytochemical study of the odontoclasts in physiologic root resorption of human deciduous teeth.

Using extracted human deciduous teeth undergoing physiologic root resorption, this author studied the ultrastructural and cytochemical features of odontoclasts. The scanning electron microscopic observation of trypsin-treated dentin and cementum surfaces of resorption lacunae showed the exposure of collagen fibrils and prominent loss of the peritubular matrices around the dentinal tubules. In the resorption lacunae formed in enamel, there was dissolution of either the rod or the interrod regions. The odontoclasts developed extensive ruffled borders apposed to these resorbing matrices and had round phagosomes containing tannic acid-stainable fine amorphous inclusions, which were identical to those in the extracellular canals of the ruffled borders. The odontoclasts did not phagocytose the collagen fibrils. The odontoclasts showed the enzymatic activities of the acid trimetaphosphatase and acid p-nitrophenyl phosphatase (p-NPPase) in the Golgi-lysosome system, the ruffled border region, and along the resorbing dentin surfaces. The p-NPPase activity was inhibited by sodium tartrate. Also, the odontoclasts showed H(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity in the cytoplasm along the plasma membranes including those of ruffled border and the limiting membranes of the lysosomes. These results suggest that: 1) the odontoclasts are associated with resorption of non-collagenous organic matrices and/or extracellularly-degraded collagenous fragments rather than the incorporation of intact collagen fibrils; 2) the odontoclasts release the hydrolytic enzymes onto the lacunal surfaces and/or the lysosomes for the extra/intracellular degradation of the organic matrices; and 3) they also have H(+)-K(+)-ATPase for extracellular demineralization of the inorganic crystals.     

大豆与白粉病菌相互作用的超微结构与细胞化学

对大豆与白粉病菌相互作用的超微结构与细胞化学的研究表明,病原菌随着胞的侵染可诱导绝大多数寄主细胞产生强烈的乳突反应,但缺乏有效的乳突抗性。抗病寄主的细胞以过敏性反应抑制病原菌的侵染,病菌初生吸器的产生往往诱导感病寄主的细胞代谢迅速增强,甚至分化成一些结构简单但却能够进行光合作用的小型叶绿体。与菌丝相比,病菌分化孢子和吸器的壁中只含有少量的几丁质,而吸器外围的分枝几乎没有。     

豚鼠内耳螺旋器毛细胞的超微结构特征

内耳螺旋器毛细胞是接受不同声波振幅和频率的特殊细胞 ,尽管它的来源、衍发及细胞属性尚未获得统一认识[1,2 ] ,但其功能则尽人皆知。本研究拟从超微形态角度对该细胞进行深入探索。样品取自豚鼠内耳 ,断头处死动物取出耳蜗 ,沿骨蜗管外壁开几个小孔后 ,迅速投入 4 %戊二醛固定液 ,0 5ｈ后修整并轻取螺旋器 ,继续固定 ,常规脱水、包埋、半薄切片定位、超薄切片、透射电镜观察。电镜观察 :内毛细胞呈曲颈瓶状 ,胞体顶端游离面可见三排平行纵列的微绒毛 (静纤毛 ) ;外毛细胞呈圆柱状 ,微绒毛亦三行 ,但并列成“Ｖ”或“Ｗ”形[1,3 ] 。二者…     

Ultrastructural studies demonstrate that epithelial polarity is established in cultured mouse pre-Sertoli cells by extracellular matrix components.

The effect of three different substrates, laminin, fibronectin and reconstituted basement membrane, on isolated mouse pre-Sertoli cells maintained in vitro has been investigated. Cultures were monitored on a daily basis by phase contrast microscopy, and processed for light and electron microscopy at the end of the culture period. Extra-cellular matrix components have been found to influence Sertoli cell differentiation: both fibronectin and laminin promoted cell adhesion and differentiation, though laminin cultures showed poor viability. Pre-Sertoli cells cultured on reconstituted basement membrane showed the highest degree of differentiation, developing a polarized epithelial phenotype and forming cord-like aggregates; such cultures provide a model system for the investigation of factors involved with gonadal differentiation.     

小麦叶肉细胞与白粉病菌相互作用的细胞学机制

利用抑制小麦细胞基因表达的方法，分析了白粉病菌与小麦表皮细胞和叶肉细胞与病原菌的相互作用。结果发现，50μg/ml的α-amanitin可有效抑制基因的表达，植物防卫反应强度大幅度降低，细胞死亡延迟。但白粉病菌侵染表皮细胞的能力下降，说明白粉病菌侵染后，寄主细胞代谢状态的改变；而且在任何情况下，白粉病菌在叶肉细胞表面只能长出初生茅管，却不能形成附着胞。以上结果说明，叶肉细胞中存在着直接对白粉病菌有抑制作用的物质成分。细胞化学分析说明抑制物有可能是酚类化合物。     

Ultrastructural and cytochemical study of cell wall modification by lactoferrin,lactoferricin and penicillin G against Staphylococcus aureus

To investigate the effect of lactoferrin or lactoferricin with or without penicillin G, light and transmission electron microscopy were performed on thin sections of two Staphylococcus aureus strains. Lactoferrin affected the ultrastructure of S. aureus and groups of undivided cells were observed after lactoferrin treatment with or without penicillin G. These results suggest that lactoferrin can affect staphylococcal cell separation and therefore prevent dissemination of daughter cells from spreading infection. After treatment with lactoferrin, S. aureus cells were less covered (P<0.05) with wheatgerm agglutinin labelled with gold, thus suggesting that lactoferrin affected the synthesis of peptidoglycan and/or the binding to N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine. Lactoferricin with or without penicillin G induced the lysis of many bacteria, formation of mesosomal structures and modifications of cell wall. Lactating female CD-1 mice were infected by intramammary delivery of a penicillin-resistant S. aureus strain and were then randomly assigned to treatments according to a 2 x 2 factorial design. Electron microscopy examination showed that 2 days of systemic treatments with lactoferrin affected the morphology and aggregation of S. aureus. In conclusion, lactoferrin and lactoferricin affect S. aureus morphology which may facilitate its killing by penicillin G.     

阴道毛滴虫侵袭性的超微结构与免疫组化研究

阴道毛滴虫(Tv)可致多种生殖泌尿系滴虫病,但文献中未见Tv侵袭性、阿米巴运动的报道。为研究Tv超微结构、细胞化学与功能关系,观察Tv对宿主组织细胞作用,探讨致病机制,作者进行了Tv超微结构细胞化学、粘附与吞噬离体两性生殖泌尿道上皮细胞和吞噬精子的超微结构研究。作者据     

Quantitative cytochemical studies of cytochrome oxidase activity in rat dorsal root ganglion cells

The cytochrome oxidase activity of rat dorsal root ganglion cells was cytochemically and quantitatively measured. The 100 microns thick tissue slices fixed for 10 min were incubated in a DAB medium for 0, 30, 60, and 90 min at 37 degrees C, and electron-dense deposit areas within the mitochondrial intermembrane-intracristal spaces were measured with a computer-controlled image analyzer. The activity was expressed as deposit accumulation rate filling the mitochondrial space, (1 unit corresponds to the deposit filling 100% of the mitochondrial space per hour). Three different activities of the enzyme in either large pale cells or small dark cells of sensory neurons could be distinguished, based on the quantitative analysis, as large cells with intense (0.83 units), intermediate (0.38), and weak activity (0.22), and small cells with the same degrees of activity (1.04, 0.35, and 0.11, respectively). The results indicate that accumulation rate measurements of reaction product may be useful to quantitatively present the cytochrome oxidase reactivity of mitochondria, and that the degree of enzyme activity may contribute to the identification of functional differences in sensory neurons.     

人正常食管上皮细胞的电镜观察

食管粘膜直接与食团和饮液接触，因此食团的硬固性、冷烫度、酸碱度、辛辣性以及酒精等理化刺激，必然常施加于粘膜上皮。对该类刺激，粘膜上皮一般均有生理阈值内的防护和自愈功能以及规律性自我更新能力。不过由于长期刺激或内外因素如：创伤、阻滞、炎症、癌变、食管静脉曲张、胃食管反流等，以及食管周围器官的良性和恶性疾患，均可影响食管，尤其多在粘膜上皮首先出现病理变化。     

中华绒螯蟹鳃的超微结构观察

中华绒螯蟹 ( Eriocheir sinensis)是我国著名水产品和创汇水产品。鳃是水栖十足类甲壳动物的呼吸器官。本文对中华绒螯蟹鳃进行了超微结构研究 ,旨在弥补国内这方面研究之不足 ,同时为蟹类的循环生理、呼吸生理以及病理研究提供有价值的资料。材料与方法1 999年 9月 1 5日于苏州东山湖地区的一个成蟹养殖场采集健康中华绒螯蟹 ,取样后用 4%戊二醛固定。组织块进一步修小后 ,锇酸固定 ,Epon81 2包埋 ,半薄切片定位后进行超薄切片 ,醋酸双氧铀和柠檬酸铅双重染色 ,日立 H- 6 0 0型透射电镜观察并拍照。结果与讨论中华绒螯蟹的鳃可明显分为…     

人发的扫描电镜观察及微量元素特征

人体的健康状况在人体的各个方面都会有所反映，其中人发是检验人体微量元素及检测人体健康的最佳材料。通过观察人发的微观特征可以了解人体的营养状况及健康情况，而测试人发中的微量元素，可以了解人体的生长发育期间微量元素的摄入量。     

Ultrastructural interaction between spermatozoon and human oviductal cells in vitro

The oviduct is an important organ for successful mammalian reproduction. In this work, human oviducts were inseminated and their explants analyzed using scanning electron microscopy in order to study, at a finer ultrastructual level, the interaction between spermatozoon and oviduct in vitro. Results show unequivocally a spermatozoon tightly attached through the acrosomal region of its head to several cilia of the human tubal epithelial cells. This finding proves that spermatozoa do indeed adhere to the endosalpinx, a fact of utmost relevance for the physiology of the reproductive process, since it supports the idea of a spermatozoa reservoir being formed in the oviduct, which is also briefly discussed.     

枸杞胚性细胞分化的超微结构研究

在植物体细胞胚发生过程中，体细胞转变为胚性细胞是细胞分化的转折点，因此对胚性细胞分化的研究进十分重要的。为此，本研究以枸札胚性细胞的分化和发育早期为重点，用半薄切片定位，进行超薄切片，以观察胚性细胞超微结构的特点。结果表明：（１）杞的胚性细胞多由愈伤组织表层的薄壁细胞分化而来；愈伤组织中不未分化的细胞体积大，细胞壁薄，形状不规则，一般都具有中央大液泡，核小，细胞质少，细胞器少。（２）胚性细胞呈卵圆     

变色人发表面性质的研究及应用

本文通过对应用我所技术生产的变色人发进行了纤维表面形态结构的观察和物理性质的测试 ,具体分析了天然人发材料在经过处理后其表面形态结构和物理性质发生改变的原因和意义 ,为进一步提高变色人发质量提供了理论依据。结果与讨论从表中所列出物理性质测试结果可看出经处理的头发基本保留了天然人发的强度、弹性 ,从而保证了用此原料制成的假发制品在梳理、冷烫时具有良好的抗拉伸能力和成型能力。从陈卫等人的文章[1] 中可以解释这一原因。从扫描电镜照片中可以观察到处理过的人发其表面仍有大量鳞片 ( Scale)存在 ,但鳞片大多被腐蚀 ,边…     

脑胶质瘤的血瘤屏障超微结构观察

目的：探讨脑部胶质瘤中血瘤屏障的超微结构改变与胶质瘤细胞生物学特性之间的关系。方法：应用电镜观察13例胶质瘤患者瘤组织中血瘤屏障的超微结构改变。结果：脑胶质瘤组织中的血瘤屏障发生的一系列改造和重建：1、多数血瘤屏障中毛细血管基膜呈限局性或广泛性增厚,基板多层化,胶原纤维增生;2、多数毛细血管基膜的胶质膜侧常见大小不等,多少不一的虫蚀状空洞或血管外间隙扩大;3、毛细血管胶质膜则脚板外侧基板常不完整;4、内此细胞间紧密连接延长,偶见内皮细胞出现窗孔,内此细胞增生出芽。结论：脑胶质瘤组织中的血瘤屏障发生的一系列改造和重建的超微结构改变,可能是导致脑部胶质瘤低转移率和高侵袭性的形态学依据。     

冬季沙冬青液泡中膜状内含物的超微结构研究

冬季沙冬青叶肉细胞中由于液泡膜内吞现象极其普遍，以致常常形成各种细胞质突起，并有丰富的颗粒状和纤维状物质及大量的膜状结构存在于液泡中。膜状结构大小不等，形态各异，膜层排列也不一样。有的相当紊乱，有的比较规则，有的甚至呈同心圆形。同心圆的内部膜层时而清楚，时而模糊，时而是一团电子密度很高的物质。在这些液泡中常有一种电子密度很高，近似圆形的内含物，它的表层中偶尔有膜状结构。冬季沙冬青液泡膜的大量内吞可能与沙冬青具有高度的抗寒性有关。     

紫色毛癣菌感染人头发的超微形态电镜观察

应用扫描电镜和透射电镜对紫色毛癣菌感染的头发进行超微形态结构的观察,了解紫色毛癣菌在感染头发后自身形态的变化以及对发干的破坏程度。结果表明：紫色毛癣菌在侵入人头发后主要寄生于毛干的毛皮质层,并呈现出不同的形态学特征。在感染初期紫色毛癣菌以菌丝样或竹节菌丝的形态寄生于毛干中,随着头发的生长菌丝逐渐断裂形成单个的圆形或柱状孢子,同时在形态转化的过程中,紫色毛癣菌对头发的破坏也逐渐加重。这提示紫色毛癣菌在感染人体头发后以有分隔的菌丝和竹节样孢子形式进行寄生繁殖。还观察到紫色毛癣菌形态转化时呈现自身菌体超微结构的改变,为进一步研究该菌的生物学特性提供了依据。