Highly dispersed green silicate and oxide pigments precipitated from model systems of postgalvanic waste

A procedure was worked out to obtain highly dispersed green silicate and oxide pigments precipitated from postgalvanic waste. The highly dispersed chromium(III) silicates and oxides were produced from the waste, originating from chromium plating, by reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) employing various reducing agents. All the reductions were conducted in an acidic medium. Solutions of Cr(III), obtained in reducing processes, were employed to precipitate silicate pigments (using sodium metasilicate solution and containing mainly chromium(III) silicates) and oxide pigments (using sodium hydroxide and containing chromium(III) oxides). The precipitated silicates and oxides were subjected to a comprehensive physicochemical analysis (estimating bulk density, capacities to absorb water, dibutyl phthalate, paraffin oil, particle size distribution, and morphology of particle surface). Precipitation process (its parameters) and heating of the reactive mixture exerts a significant effect on the principal physicochemical properties of the pigments. The heating significantly affects first of all color shade of the obtained silicate and oxide pigments as well as their dispersion. Coprecipitated chromium(III) and iron(III) silicates exhibit a brownish color and a reasonably uniform character. Apart from primary agglomerates (in the range of 414-717 nm), they contain small amounts of secondary agglomerates (in the range of 4154-6445 nm). Best physicochemical parameters have been demonstrated by chromium pigments which have been precipitated from chromium solutions reduced using hydrogen peroxide. Chromium(III) oxides deserve particular distinction since their structure includes primary particles, primary agglomerates but is completely free of secondary agglomerates. The pigments manifest a brightly green color and a low capacity to absorb water (100 cm3 x 100 g(-1)). Application of hydrophobicity-inducing agents in the course of precipitation has corrected physicochemical parameters of both the oxides and silicates of chromium(II). Their bulk densities have been clearly decreased (to as low as below 250 g x L(-1) in the case of chromium(III) silicate), while capacities to absorb paraffin oil have increased to as much as 750 cm3 x 100 g(-1) for chromium(II) oxide. The respective particle size distribution has shown a tendency for disappearance of large accumulations of secondary agglomerates.     

Kinetics and structural constraints of chromate reduction by green rusts

Green rusts, ferrous-ferric iron oxides, occur in many anaerobic soils and sediments and are highly reactive, making them important phases impacting the fate and transport of environmental contaminants. Despite their potential importance in environmental settings, reactions involving green rusts remain rather poorly described. Chromate is a widespread contaminant having deleterious impacts on plant and animal health; its fate may in part be controlled by green rust. Here we examine chromate reduction by a series of green rust phases and resolve the reaction kinetics at pH 7. The overall kinetics of the reactions are well described by the expression d[Cr(VI)]/dt = -k[Cr(VI)][GR], and this model was successfully used to predict rates of reaction at varying chromium concentrations. The rates of reduction are controlled by the concentration of ferrous iron, surface area, and chemical structure of the green rust including layer spacing. On a mass basis, green rust (GR) chloride is the most rapid reductant of Cr(VI) followed by GRCO3 and GRSO4, with pseudo-first-order rate coefficients (k(obs)) (with respect to Cr(VI) concentration) ranging from 1.22 x 10(-3) to 3.7 x 10(-2) s(-1). Chromium(III)-substituted magnetite and lepidocrocite were identified as the major oxidation products. The nature of the oxidation products appears to be independent of the anionic class of green rust, but their respective concentrations display a dependence on the initial GR. The mole fraction of Fe(III) in the Cr(x),Fe(1-x)(OH)3 x nH2O reaction product ranged from 17% to 68%, leading to a highly stabilized (low solubility) phase.     

啤酒废酵母综合利用的探讨

啤酒废酵母含有丰富的营养物质 ,许多啤酒厂并没有充分利用 ,而是作为废弃物排入啤酒废水 ,增加了啤酒废水的处理负荷和难度。本文介绍了目前啤酒企业处理啤酒废酵母的一些可行的方法。     

核桃青皮中萘醌类色素的提取及稳定性研究

为提高核桃青皮中萘醌类色素的提取率,在酶添加量、超声温度、超声时间、液料比4个单因素实验的基础上,采用响应面法优化酶辅助超声波提取萘醌类色素的工艺条件,并研究了光照、温度、氧化还原剂、金属离子对色素稳定性的影响。结果表明:在酶添加量1.0%,超声时间90 min,超声温度70℃,液料比72∶1（m L/g）的条件下核桃青皮萘醌类色素提取率最高,可达8.22%,与模型预测值相对误差为0.13%。稳定性实验结果表明,核桃青皮萘醌类色素0⁷ d内具有良好的耐光、抗氧化还原和储藏性,80℃内热稳定性良好,Mg²⁺、Ca²⁺、Na⁺、K⁺对色素无明显作用,Al³⁺、Zn²⁺、Fe³⁺对该色素具有一定的增色作用,其中Fe3+作用最明显。超声波结合酶法提取工艺简单、高效、可行,提取的萘醌类色素具有较好的稳定性。      

社会呼唤绿色食品

<正> 绿色食品是无污染的安全、优质、营养类食品的统称。这个命名,一是由于与环境保护有关的事物通常冠之以“绿色”,以突出这类食品出自良好的生态环境;二是由于绿色象征着生命、健康和活力,对于饱受环境污染毒害的人们,将“绿色”寓意于食品中,体现出自我保护意识和回归自然的愿望。     

啤酒废酵母的综合利用

啤酒废酵母是啤酒生产重要的副产物,现代大罐发酵,其产量约为啤酒产量的0.2%－0.3%（干基质量分数）。目前啤酒厂除将小部分酵母泥留作种子外,大部分连同其中残留啤酒直接排放,严重污染环境（酵母泥的生物需氧量BOD和化学需氧量COD均高达10万mg/L以上）。     

陶瓷废弃物再生利用可行性分析

分析了再生陶瓷混凝土的密度、劈拉强度、抗折强度、弹性模量及其耐磨性能与抗压强度之间的关系.结果表明:再生陶瓷粗骨料混凝土抗压强度、劈拉强度、抗折强度较普通混凝土有所降低,但耐磨性能好;再生陶瓷细骨料混凝土抗压强度有所提高.因此,废弃家用和建筑陶瓷用于制作再生混凝土是可行的.     

Current trends of tropical fruit waste utilization

Recent rapid growth of the world's population has increased food demands. This phenomenon poses a great challenge for food manufacturers in maximizing the existing food or plant resources. Nowadays, the recovery of health benefit bioactive compounds from fruit wastes is a research trend not only to help minimize the waste burden, but also to meet the intensive demand from the public for phenolic compounds which are believed to have protective effects against chronic diseases. This review is focused on polyphenolic compounds recovery from tropical fruit wastes and its current trend of utilization. The tropical fruit wastes include in discussion are durian (Durio zibethinus), mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.), rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum), mango (Mangifera indica L.), jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus), papaya (Carica papaya), passion fruit (Passiflora edulis), dragon fruit (Hylocereus spp), and pineapple (Ananas comosus). Highlights of bioactive compounds in different parts of a tropical fruit are targeted primarily for food industries as pragmatic references to create novel innovative health enhancement food products. This information is intended to inspire further research ideas in areas that are still under-explored and for food processing manufacturers who would like to minimize wastes as the norm of present day industry (design) objective.     

羊肉部分下脚料的利用与开发

介绍了从羊肉下脚料羊血、羊心、胰脏提取的一些生化制品的性质和功能,包括凝血酶、超氧化物歧化酶、血红素、细胞色素C、胰酶,并对羊肉下脚料的合理利用提出了建议.     

Effects of lipophillic pigments on colour of the green tea infusion

Studies about effect of pigments on colour of green tea infusion will help for quality evaluation and adopting suitable measure for prevention from non‐enzyme browning. HPLC results showed that concentrations of chlorophylls and pheophytin a in green tea infusions were higher than their thresholds, and that lutein and β‐carotene were near or above the thresholds. Significant correlation between pigments concentration and colour difference index in green tea infusion was also found. Therefore, lipophillic pigments did affect the colour of green tea infusion markedly, and the ratio of chlorophylls to pheophytins could be used as an indicator of infusion colour and quality of green tea.     

Shrimp's waste: Chemical composition,nutritional value and utilization

Shrimp's waste (dried head or shell) was found of high protein content and high level of minerals especially Ca, P, Na and Zn. The amino acids profile of the dried shrimp's shell proved to be of higher values than the shrimp's head. Glutamic acid was the abundant amino acid in both dried samples. The saturated: unsaturated fatty acids ratio was 1 : 1.63 for the dried shrimp's head and 1 : 1.51 for the dried shrimp's shell. The dried shrimp's shell and head appeared to be free from aflatoxines (B₁, B₂, G₁ & G₂) concentrations. Also the two dried samples proved their safety from the bacteriological point of view. Two suggested potato croquettes recipes containing either 5% dried shrimps head or 5% shrimp's shell, preferred by the panalysts, were found to contain high values of macro elements and rare values of micro elements. The EAA : TAA ratio of these two suggested recipes were 1 : 1.95 and 1 : 2.29 for the recipes containing dried shrimp's head and shell, respectively. Their in vitro protein digestibility (IVPD) ranged from 60.44 to 67.68%. The total saturated fatty acids were found lower than the total unsaturated fatty acids in the two suggested recipes. Potato croquettes recipes containing either 5% dried shrimp's shell or head were found of acceptable overall quality (aroma, taste, appearance, texture and color) to the panalists.     

印染废气余热的综合利用

介绍了华纺公司实施余热、热油炉废气热量的综合开发及回收利用的情况.改进后的数据表明,余热和废气的综合开发和利用为企业带来了可观的效益.     

3D woven green composites from textile waste: mechanical performance

Application of textile waste for development of value added green composites has been carried out in this work. Textile fabric waste is collected from various sources. These waste materials are garneted, so as to produce loose fibrous material, subsequently this fibrous material was converted into twisted strand for manufacturing of 3D woven preforms for production of composites. Twisted strands are converted into orthogonal 3D woven structure. The fibers extracted from waste material are combined with polypropylene in 60/40 proportion. Composites of various specifications are developed to examine their end-use applications. These composite materials are characterized for their mechanical behavior to find out the response against tensile loading, flexural stress, and impact force. The effects of moisture absorption on mechanical properties of composites are investigated. 3D woven fabric reinforced composites produced by using waste fiber yarn and normal cotton OE yarn do not exhibit any significant difference in the mechanical behavior of composite. This result confirmed that waste material can be safely used as reinforcing structure in green composite manufacturing.     

西瓜制品的开发利用

介绍了几种既可食疗 ,又美味的西瓜制品及家用保健品。旨在为西瓜的深加工提供更广泛的消费群     

农产品企业绿色营销问题探讨

绿色消费和绿色营销是当今国际、国内农产品市场的主潮流。该文从绿色营销的内涵入手，分析了农产品绿色营销的必要性，并提出了具体思路。     

谱写绿色环保包装的新篇章——记环宝科技集团开发绿色环保BOPP瓶的成功之路

<正> 改革开放以来,我国经济飞速发展。由于我国人口众多和资源的无限度使用,在人们物质生活水平不断提高的同时,人们的生态环境遭到严重的破坏。森林砍伐、物种减少、大气污染、河流枯竭,使我国经济的可持续性发展面临严峻的考验。     

废弃木质材料循环利用的现状

简单介绍了废弃木质材料循环利用的意义、废弃木质材料的分类与应用方向,最后针对近年来国外在废弃木质材料循环利用方面的做法以及技术现状做了详尽表述.