Complexation with dissolved organic matter and solubility control of heavy metals in a sandy soil

The complexation of heavy metals with dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the environment influences the solubility and mobility of these metals. In this paper, we measured the complexation of Cu, Cd, Zn, Ni, and Pb with DOM in the soil solution at pH 3.7-6.1 using a Donnan membrane technique. The results show that the DOM-complexed species is generally more significant for Cu and Pb than for Cd, Zn, and Ni. The ability of two advanced models for ion binding to humic substances, e.g., model VI and NICA-Donnan, in the simulation of metal binding to natural DOM was assessed by comparing the model predictions with the measurements. Using the default parameters of fulvic and humic acid, the predicted concentrations of free metal ions from the solution speciation calculation using the two models are mostly within 1 order of magnitude difference from the measured concentrations, except for Ni and Pb in a few samples. Furthermore, the solid-solution partitioning of the metals was simulated using a multisurface model, in which metal binding to soil organic matter, dissolved organic matter, clay, and iron hydroxides was accounted for using adsorption and cation exchange models (NICA-Donnan, Donnan, DDL, CD-MUSIC). The model estimation of the dissolved concentration of the metals is mostly within 1 order of magnitude difference from those measured except for Ni in some samples and Pb. The solubility of the metals depends mainly on the metal loading over soil sorbents, pH, and the concentration of inorganic ligands and DOM in the soil solution.     

Modeling metal binding to soils: the role of natural organic matter

The use of mechanistically based models to simulate the solution concentrations of heavy metals in soils is complicated by the presence of different sorbents that may bind metals. In this study, the binding of Zn, Pb, Cu, and Cd by 14 different Swedish soil samples was investigated. For 10 of the soils, it was found that the Stockholm Humic Model (SHM) was able to describe the acid-base characteristics, when using the concentrations of "active" humic substances and Al as fitting parameters. Two additional soils could be modeled when ion exchange to clay was also considered, using a component additivity approach. For dissolved Zn, Cd, Ca, and Mg reasonable model fits were produced when the metal-humic complexation parameters were identical for the 12 soils modeled. However, poor fits were obtained for Pb and Cu in Aquept B horizons. In two of the soil suspensions, the Lund A and Romfartuna Bhs, the calculated speciation agreed well with results obtained by using cation-exchange membranes. The results suggest that organic matter is an important sorbent for metals in many surface horizons of soils in temperate and boreal climates, and the necessity of properly accounting for the competition from Al in simulations of dissolved metal concentrations is stressed.     

长期沼液灌溉对槟榔芋根区土壤理化性质及重金属含量的影响

目的 探究施用沼液对槟榔芋根区土壤理化性质及重金属含量的影响。方法 采集连续施用沼液6年和未施用沼液的槟榔芋种植地块土壤, 测定土壤中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr、Hg、As共7种重金属的含量并进行污染风险评价, 同时测定土壤的基本理化指标, 分析土壤中重金属含量与土壤理化性质间的相关性。结果 长期沼液灌溉会显著增加槟榔芋根区土壤中有机质、碱解氮和速效钾含量, 但也会导致土壤中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr显著累积, 尤其Cu和Zn含量均超出了GB 15618—2018中规定的风险筛选值。连续施用沼液增加了土壤重金属的综合污染水平和潜在生态风险, 总体呈现轻度污染等级, 具有中等水平的潜在生态风险, 其中Cu对综合污染水平的贡献率最大, Cd和Hg对综合潜在生态风险的贡献率最大。土壤中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr之间可能存在污染同源性, 其含量基本与土壤有机质、碱解氮和速效钾呈极显著正相关, 与速效磷呈显著负相关。结论 沼液还田虽然会提高槟榔芋根区土壤整体养分状况, 但长期沼液灌溉也增加了土壤重金属的污染风险, 尤其是Cu、Cd、Hg可能引起的污染问题要引起重视。     

Evaluation of holistic approaches to predicting the concentrations of metals in field-cultivated rice

Measurements of metals in soils by diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) have previously been shown to be linearly related to metals measured in shoots of plants grown in pots. We examine the relationships between metals measured by DGT and other techniques with metals in the roots and unpolished grains of rice cultivated under field conditions at 18 sites in Jiangsu province, China. Rhizosphere soils of rice were collected and the concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn were determined on soil solution, acetic acid, and calcium chloride (CaCl2) extractions and by DGT. Simple linear regression analyses between concentrations of metals in plants and those measured using DGT and chemical extractions showed a very good fit for DGT measurements of the concentrations of all four metals in both rice roots and unpolished grains. Good fits were also found using soil solution and acetic acid extractions, but the correlation coefficients were lower than those obtained by DGT. CaCl2 extractions provided the poorest fits for all four metals. Multivariate analyses were used to assess the impact of pH, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), soil organic carbon (SOC), cation exchange capacity (CEC), and texture. Two principal components were extracted. The first was well correlated with SOC, DOC, and clay proportion and is therefore representative of "organic matter". The second primarily correlated positively with pH and negatively with CEC and is representative of "inorganic ions". When these principle components were included in multiple linear regression, correlation coefficients for plots involving metals in soil solution and in extractions using acetic acid and CaCl2 were improved, but there was little change in the correlation coefficients for comparable plots using metals measured by DGT. These results show for the first time that the DGT measurement quantitatively incorporates the main factors affecting bioavailability.     

Thermally induced changes in metal solubility of contaminated soils is linked to mineral recrystallization and organic matter transformations

Soils are biogeochemical systems under continual modification by biological and chemical processes. Trace element solid-solution partitioning is thus influenced by long-term changes to these solid phases. We study Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu solution speciation and solid-phase dynamics in two soils of volcanic origin (Te Akatea and Egmont, high in noncrystalline aluminosilicates), an oxisol from Brazil (Oxisol, high in oxides of Al and Fe), and several sludge-treated soils (labeled NYS soils, high in organic materials). Total soluble (by ICP) and labile (by ASV) concentrations of Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu were determined after incubation of the soils for about 1.5 yr at room (23 degrees C) and elevated (70 degrees C) temperatures. Changes occurring to the solid phases were monitored by FTIR and extraction with oxalate and pyrophosphate. It is shown that induced hydrolysis or decomposition of organic materials in soils results in increases in both labile and total soluble concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn in solution. Labile and total soluble concentrations of Cu and Zn increase concomitantly with dissolved organic carbon (DOC); the nonlabile soluble fraction also increases with increasing DOC. Similarly, the concentration of Cd and Pb in solution increases with increasing DOC; however, most soluble Cd and Pb is asv-labile. Only in the Egmont soil (mineralogy dominated by proto-imogolite allophane) was reduced Pb solubility observed after prolonged equilibration and heating. Lead solubility increased after partial crystallization of amorphous minerals in the Te Akatea and the Oxisol. Thus, for most of the metal-soil systems studied, prolonged thermal treatment at 70 degrees C increased total soluble and asv-labile metals, suggesting that aging effects on metals in contaminated soils could release metals to labile forms in some cases.     

Influence of the sea rush Juncus maritimus on metal concentration and speciation in estuarine sediment colonized by the plant

Metal accumulation by Juncus maritimus and the role of this plant on the physical and chemical composition of sediments, from the Douro river estuary (NW Portugal), were investigated. The contents of Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn were determined (by atomic absorption spectrophotometry) in sediments, rhizosediments (those among plant roots and rhizomes), and different plant tissues (roots, rhizomes, leaves, and stems). Metal fractionation in sediments through sequential extraction was carried out and used for interpretation of sediment/J. maritimus interactions. Two estuarine sites with different characteristics were studied: site I displayed sandy sediment with lower organic matter and metals more weakly bound to it than site II sediment, which was muddy. At both sites, higher metal contents were observed in rhizosediments than in the surrounding sediment, but metals were more weakly bound to rhizosediment. Therefore, J. maritimus markedly influenced the sediments among its roots and rhizomes, changing metal distribution and speciation. Different patterns of both metal uptake and metal distribution among J. maritimus tissues were observed at the two sites. Plant bioaccumulation was only observed for Cd, Cu, and Zn, being similar for Cd atthe two sites and significantly higher for Cu and Zn (9 and 4 times higher, respectively) at site I. In conclusion, J. maritimus was shown to have potential for phytoextraction (or phytostabilization) of Cd, Cu, and Zn in estuarine environment. However, an eventual application of J. maritimus for this purpose will require a periodic removal of the plants together with their own rhizosediment.     

The effects of plants on the mobilization of Cu and Zn in soil columns

Whereas metal effects on plants have been well studied, much less is known about plant effects on metal mobilization in soils. We investigated metal mobilization and speciation with a resolution of a few cm in soil columns planted with willows (Salix viminalis). In the presence of plants, the concentration profiles of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), major ions (e.g., Ca), Cu, and Zn exhibited more variation than in the absence of plants, and both smaller and larger concentrations were observed, indicative of strong local effects. The Cu concentration in the absence and presence of plants was controlled by DOC mobilization and could be described by the same relationship. Zn mobilization was controlled by DOC and Ca in the plant-free system and by pH and Ca in the presence of plants. Cu2+ and labile Zn were reasonably well predicted by the NICA-Donnan model and were influenced by the plant-induced changes of the soil solution composition. Plant uptake reduced the dissolved Zn concentration and transpiration reduced Cu and Zn leaching.     

Characterization of Fe plaque and associated metals on the roots of mine-waste impacted aquatic plants

Iron plaque on aquatic plant roots are ubiquitous and sequester metals in wetland soils; however, the mechanisms of metal sequestration are unresolved. Thus, characterizing the Fe plaque and associated metals will aid in understanding and predicting metal cycling in wetland ecosystems. Accordingly, microscopic and spectroscopic techniques were utilized to identify the spatial distributions, associations, and chemical environments of Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn on the roots of a common, indigenous wetland plant (Phalaris arundinacea). Iron forms a continuous precipitate on the root surface, which is composed dominantly of ferrihydrite (ca. 63%) with lesser amounts of goethite (32%) and minor levels of siderite (5%). Although Pb is juxtaposed with Fe on the root surface, it is complexed to organic functional groups, consistent with those of bacterial biofilms. In contrast, Mn and Zn exist as discrete, isolated mixed-metal carbonate (rhodochrosite/hydrozincite) nodules on the root surface. Accordingly, the soil-root interface appears to be a complex biochemical environment, containing both reduced and oxidized mineral species, as well as bacterial-induced organic-metal complexes. As such, hydrated iron oxides, bacterial biofilms, and metal carbonates will influence the availability and mobility of metals within the rhizosphere of aquatic plants.     

Influence of EDDS on metal speciation in soil extracts: measurement and mechanistic multicomponent modeling

The use of the [S,S]-isomer of EDDS to enhance phytoextraction has been proposed for the remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils. Speciation of metals in soil solution in the presence of EDDS and dissolved organic matter (DOM) received, however, almost no attention, whereas metal speciation plays an important role in relation to uptake of metals by plants. We investigated the influence of EDDS on speciation of dissolved metals in batch extraction experiments using fourfield-contaminated soils with pH varying between 4.7 and 7.2. Free metal concentrations were determined with the Donnan membrane technique, and compared with results obtained with the chemical speciation program ECOSAT and the NICA-Donnan model using a multicomponent approach. Addition of EDDS increased total metal concentrations in our soil extracts by a factor between 1.1 and 32 (Al), 2.1-48 (Cu), 1.1-109 (Fe), 1.1-5.5 (Ni), and 1.3-17 (Zn). In general, Al, Cu, Fe, and Zn had the largest total concentrations in the EDDS-treated extracts, but the contribution of these metals to the sum of total metal concentrations varied significantly between our soils. Free metal concentrations varied between 7.0 and 8.9 (pCd2+), 3.9-9.9 (pCu2+), 6.3-10.2 (pNi2+), and 5.2-7.0 (pZn2+). Addition of EDDS decreased free metal concentrations by a factor between 1.4 and 1.9 (Cd), 3.4-216 (Cu), 1.3-186 (Ni), and 1.3-3.3 (Zn). Model predictions of free metal concentrations were very good, and predicted values were mostly within 1 order of magnitude difference from the measured concentrations. A multicomponent approach had to be used in our model calculations, because competition between Fe and other metals for binding with EDDS was important. This was done by including the solubility of metal oxides in our model calculations. Multicomponent models can be used in chelant-assisted phytoextraction experiments to predict the speciation of dissolved metals and to increase the understanding of metal uptake by plants.     

Trace metal levels in uncontaminated groundwater of a coastal watershed: importance of colloidal forms

Groundwater and surface water were collected using trace metal clean techniques from the upper glacial aquifer of West Neck Bay (Shelter Island) in eastern Long Island, NY, during the late spring and summer of 1999. The collection sites on Shelter Island are located in an area that is primarily residential and believed to have uncontaminated groundwater. Ultrafiltration was used to size-fractionate the dissolved (<0.45 microm) fraction into colloidal (1 kDa - 0.45 microm) and low molecular weight (<1 kDa) size pools. These fractions were analyzed for trace metals (Al, Ag, Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn), organic carbon, and inorganic nutrients (NH4, NO3, PO4). The levels of metals and organic carbon in the groundwater were as low as those found in the open ocean, far removed from anthropogenic inputs. These findings corroborate the need to apply trace metal clean techniques in the determination of metal levels in uncontaminated groundwater. A significant fraction of dissolved metals (22-96%) and organic carbon (approximately 40%) in the groundwater and in surface waters of the Bay was found to be associated with colloids. The significance of the metal association with the colloidal fraction decreased in the order of Al > Cu > Ag > Zn = Cd = Mn and appeared to be dependent on the affinities of these metals for humic substances. In contrast, NO3 and NH4 were found to be almost entirely (approximately 98-99%) in the low molecular weight size fraction. Metal/aluminum and metal/carbon ratios measured in the colloids were similar to those reported for humic substances and significantly different from those of soils. This suggests that colloidal particles might originate from humic materials as opposed to purely inorganic minerals. These results indicate the need to consider the colloidal fraction in the fate and mobility of metals in groundwater and that, despite the low levels of organic matter (<50 microM of DOC) measured in groundwater, some groundwater colloids appear to be organic in nature.     

基于体外全仿生消化模型分析海带和紫菜中微量元素的生物可给性

探究海带和紫菜中6种必需元素(Cu、Fe、Mn、Zn、Co和V)与5种有害元素(As、Cd、Pb、Al和Sr)的生物可给性及胃、肠消化过程中As、Cd等有害元素的形态转化,分析加工过程对样品中元素含量、形态及生物可给性的影响,结果表明:紫菜对除Sr外10种元素的富集能力均显著高于海带,经加工,海带和紫菜中6种人体必需微...     

Solid-solution partitioning of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the organic horizons of a forest soil

We report the solid-liquid partitioning of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in 60 organic horizon samples of forest soils from the Hermine Watershed (St-Hippolyte, PQ, Canada). The mean Kd values are respectively 1132, 966, 802, 3337 and 561. Comparison of those Kd coefficients to published compilation values show that the Kd values are lower in acidic organic soil horizons relative to the overall mean Kd values compiled for mineral soils. But, once normalized to a mean pH of 4.4, the Kd values in organic soil horizons demonstrate the high sorption affinity of organic matter, which is either as good as or up to 30 times higher than mineral soil materials for sorbing trace metals. Regression analysis shows that, within our data set, pH and total metal contents are not consistent predictors of metal partitioning. Indeed, metal sorption by the solid phase must be studied in relation to complexation by dissolved organic ligands, and both processes may sometime counteract one another.     

Comparing WHAM 6 and MINEQL+ 4.5 for the chemical speciation of Cu2+ in the rhizosphere of forest soils

Metal speciation data calculated by modeling could give useful information regarding the fate of metals in the rhizospheric environment. However, no comparative study has evaluated the relative accuracy of speciation models in this microenvironment. Consequently, the present study evaluates the reliability of free Cu ion (Cu2+) activity modeled by WHAM 6 and MINEQL+ 4.5 for 18 bulk and 18 rhizospheric soil samples collected in two Canadian forested areas located near industrial facilities. The modeling of Cu speciation was performed on water extracts using pH, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), major ions, and total dissolved Al, Ca, Cu, Mg, and Zn concentrations as input data. Four scenarios representing the composition of dissolved organic substances using fulvic, humic, and acetic acids were derived from the literature and used in the modeling exercise. Different scenarios were used to contrast soil components (rhizosphere vs bulk) and soil pH levels (acidic vs neutral to alkaline). Reference Cu2+ activity values measured by an ion-selective electrode varied between 0.39 and 41 nM. The model MINEQL+ 4.5 provided good predictions of Cu2+ activities [root-mean-square residual (RMSR)= 0.37], while predictions from WHAM 6 were poor (RMSR = 1.74) because they overestimated Cu complexation with DOC. Modeling with WHAM 6 could be improved by adjusting the proportion of inert DOC and the composition of DOC (RMSR = 0.94), but it remained weaker than predictions with MINEQL+ 4.5. These results suggested that the discrepancies between speciation models were attributed to differences in the binding capacity of humic substances with Cu, where WHAM 6 appeared to be too aggressive. Therefore, we concluded that chemical interactions occurring between Cu and DOC were key factors for an accurate simulation of Cu speciation, especially in rhizospheric forest soils, where high variation of the DOC concentration and composition are observed.     

马铃薯及耕地土壤重金属含量的测定及健康风险评价

目的 对青海大学农林科学院试验田马铃薯和其根系土壤中镉、铬、铜、铅、镍、锌的含量进行检测及评价。方法 使用石墨消解仪对样品进行前处理, 使用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪测定马铃薯和土壤中的Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb、Ni和Zn等6种重金属含量; 采用单因子指数法和内梅罗综合指数法对重金属污染程度进行分析评价; 采用目标危险系数法(target hazard quotient/total target hazard quotient, THQ/TTHQ)对马铃薯进行单一及复合重金属摄入健康风险评价。结果 该研究区土壤中6种重金属单项污染指数均小于1, 综合污染指数小于0.7, 未对土壤造成污染, 马铃薯中除了Cu和Zn污染处于安全水平, Cr和Ni污染达到轻污染水平, Cd和Pb污染达到重污染水平 , 根据富集系数(bio-concentration factor, BCF ) 发现马铃薯对Cd和Pb有一定的富集能力; 成人和儿童因食用马铃薯而摄入重金属Cu、Ni和Zn的单一健康风险指数和复合健康风险指数均大于1, 对儿童和成人存在健康风险。结论 该研究区土壤中重金属污染程度较低, 而马铃薯中重金属的残留对人体健康存在隐患。     

Uptake of metals during chelant-assisted phytoextraction with EDDS related to the solubilized metal concentration

The use of chelants to enhance phytoextraction is one method being tested to make phytoextraction efficient enough to be used as a remediation technique for heavy metal pollution in the field. We performed pot experiments with sunflowers in order to investigate the use of the biodegradable chelating agent SS-EDDS for this purpose. We used singly and combined contaminated soils (Cu, Zn) and multimetal contaminated field soils (Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb). EDDS (10 mmol kg(-10 soil) increased soil solution metals greatly for Cu (factor 840-4260) and Pb (factor 100-315), and to a lesser extent for Zn (factor 23-50). It was found that Zn (when present as the sole metal), Cu, and Pb uptake by sunflowers was increased by EDDS, butin multimetal contaminated soil Zn and Cd were not. EDDS was observed in the sunflower roots and shoots at concentrations equal to metal uptake. The different metal uptake in the various soils can be related to a linear relationship between Cu and Zn in soil solution in the presence of EDDS and plant uptake, indicating the great importance of measuring and reporting soil solution metal concentrations in phytoextraction studies.     

Accumulation of Cu, Pb, Ni and Zn in the halophyte plant Atriplex grown on polluted soil

BACKGROUND: Three annual Atriplex species—A. hortensis var. purpurea, A. hortensis var. rubra and A. rosea—growing on soil with various levels of the heavy metals copper, lead, nickel, and zinc, have been investigated. RESULTS: Metal accumulation by Atriplex plants differed among species, levels of polluted soil and tissues. Metals accumulated by Atriplex were mostly distributed in root tissues, suggesting that an exclusion strategy for metal tolerance widely exists in them. The increased concentration of heavy metals in soil led to increases in heavy metal shoot and root concentrations of Ni, Cu, Pb and Zn in plants as compared to those grown on unpolluted soil. Accumulation was higher in roots than shoots for all the heavy metals. None of the plants were suitable for phytoextraction because no hyperaccumulator was identified. However, plants with a high bioconcentration factor and low translocation factor have the potential for phytostabilization. Similarly, the correlation between metal concentrations and translocations in plants (BCFs and TFs) using a linear regression was also statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Among the plants studied, var. purpurea was the most efficient in accumulating Pb and Zn in its shoots, whereas var. rubra was most suitable for phytostabilization of sites contaminated with Cu and Ni. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Heavy metal concentrations and enzyme activities in soil from a contaminated Korean shooting range

Soil enzyme activities and heavy metal concentrations (Cd, Zn, Cu and Pb) were measured at a general shooting range in South Korea. Total heavy metal concentrations varied with pH, and were negatively correlated with moisture content and organic matter. Most enzyme activities (dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase and beta-glucosidase) and ATP values (measure of biomass) were lower in polluted soils, especially in bald spots contaminated by heavy metals and TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene). These data indicate that concentrated shooting activity inhibits enzyme activity and microbial growth. Soil enzyme activities in richly vegetated spots around the general shooting range were higher (2- to 3-fold) than in bald spots, but lower in areas of heavy metal contamination. Our results demonstrate that the dominant plant species in richly vegetated spots accumulated heavy metals from soils, and suggest certain plants may be useful for decontaminating polluted soil.     

Fractions affected and probabilistic risk assessment of Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb in soils using the free ion approach

The free ion approach quantifies the toxic effects of cationic metals on soil biota as a function of chemistry. The approach is here extended to calculate the general relationship among toxic effects as the Fraction Affected (FA), soil solution pH, and soil organic matter content (SOM) for Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb within toxicity data sets from literature. The dependence of FA on SOM is strong, with the FA decreasing as the SOM increases. The dependence of FA upon pH varies; Cd and Zn show strong dependences while for Cu and Pb dependences are weaker. The FA usually decreases as the soil pH increases. When the free ion approach is applied, risks across soils due to different metals can be compared using the FA. The free ion approach may also be applied to probabilistic risk assessment. Risk values, using the joint probability curve approach, were derived for Pb using two field soil data sets. One data set, with higher SOM than that of the Pb toxicity data set, gave a lower risk with the free ion approach than that when the soil chemistry was not considered. The other data set had lower SOM than that of the toxicity data set and gave a higher risk with the free ion approach. Since literature toxicity tests are biased toward low SOM soils of circumneutral pH, using such data to perform classical risk assessment for soils of differing chemical composition can lead to misestimation of risk due to neglecting soil chemistry, especially in soils with extreme pH and/or SOM.     

Modeling of the solid-solution partitioning of heavy metals and arsenic in embanked flood plain soils of the rivers Rhine and Meuse

The aim of this study is to predict the solid-solution partitioning of heavy metals in river flood plain soils. We compared mechanistic geochemical modeling with a statistical approach. To characterize the heavy metal contamination of embanked river flood plain soils in The Netherlands, we collected 194 soil samples at 133 sites distributed in the Dutch part of the Rhine and Meuse river systems. We measured the total amounts of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the soil samples and the metal fraction extractable by 2.5 mM CaCl2. We found a strong correlation between heavy metal contamination and organic matter content, which was almost identical for both river systems. Speciation calculations by a fully parametrized model showed the strengths and weaknesses of the mechanistic approach. Cu and Cd concentrations were predicted within one log scale, whereas modeling of Zn and Pb needs adjustment of some model parameters. The statistical fitting approach produced better results but is limited with regard to the understanding it provides. The log RMSE for this approach varied between 0.2 and 0.32 for the different metals. The careful modeling of speciation and adsorption processes is a useful tool for the investigation and understanding of metal availability in river flood plain soils.     

海藻寡糖对镉、铅单一污染的小油菜及土壤的影响

采用盆栽实验方法,研究受Cd、Pb单一污染时,海藻寡糖对小油菜干重及其地上部分和根部的重金属含量,受污土壤中Cd、Pb含量及形态的影响。结果表明,一定量的海藻寡糖可提高Cd污染小油菜的产量,最高可增产15.97%。小油菜地上部和根部Cd含量及根部Pb含量均随海藻寡糖含量的增加而降低,在海藻寡糖含量为1.0%时,分别降低了7.45%、27.52%、12.96%。根际土中Cd含量高于非根际土,而Pb则低于非根际土。水溶态和交换态、残渣态Cd分别呈现降低、增加趋势,而两种形态的Pb含量变化则相反。实验结果为利用海藻寡糖提高农业生产和土壤修复提供了一定的依据。