Made in China

人们都说":外来的和尚好念经",然而,当软件这一可塑性极强的产品在中国市场上遇到SaaS这一"外来和尚"的时候,似乎这本经并不好念。据了解,尽管被国外引为经典的SaaS模式在国内已经发展了近3年,可是在国外赢利效果相当不错的Salesforce.com     

至in影音组合

外面看电影固然很爽，但身为《Geek》挑片子总该有点底线，可是电影院放什么咱们控制不了，而电影院又几乎都是些没底线的主。咱们还是在家里备一套常用组合以满足咱们那孤傲的选择吧。     

bodied in sever

d jointly by the national laws,folk customs and morality,though the ways of regulation can vary in different countries or historical periods.laws about sex, sex laws, Foucault0贵州大学学报(社会科学版)Journal of Guizhou Uni     

Equilibria in secure strategies in the Bertrand–Edgeworth duopoly

This paper analyzes the Bertrand–Edgeworth duopoly model using a solution concept of Equilibrium in Secure Strategies (EinSS), which describes cautious behavior in noncooperative games. The concept is suitable for studying games where the threats of other players represent an important factor in the decision-making process. We demonstrate that, in some cases where the Bertrand–Edgeworth price duopoly admits no Nash–Cournot equilibria, there exists a unique EinSS with both players choosing an identical equilibrium price lower than the monopoly price. The difference between these prices can be interpreted as an additional reduction in price that allows the players to secure themselves against the mutual threats of undercutting. We formulate and prove a criterion for the EinSS existence.     

Escaping ‘localisms’ in IT sourcing: tracing changes in institutional logics in an Italian firm

Organizations are limited in their choices by the institutional environment in which they operate. This is particularly true for IT sourcing decisions that go beyond cost considerations and are constrained by traditions, geographical location, and social networks. This article investigates how a company can disentangle itself from the constraints of the institutional environment. We do so drawing on a longitudinal case study of an Italian SME active in the steel industry that successfully changed its institutionally sound, but increasingly inefficient, IT sourcing practice. Our main result suggests that by attending steadily to institutional logics, organizations can become selective in how the institutional environment influences them and act more purposefully in their decisions. In particular, through the creation of companywide IT management competencies and targeted hiring practices, organizations can strike a balance between the different institutional logics guiding IT sourcing decisions and eventually shift from the dominant logic of localism to a logic of market efficiency. This change does not depend from a choice but rather builds on a process through which IT management competences are slowly integrated in the organization.     

Distance decay in spectral space in analysing ecosystem β‐diversity

The use of spectral distance for explaining the phenomenon of distance decay in species similarity between two sites (based on the niche difference model) is presented here. Distance decay is based on the first law of geography: ‘the similarity between two sites decays with increasing the distance between them’. From an ecological point of view, this could be expressed as: ‘the β‐diversity between two sites should increase with an increase in spatial distance’. Beta‐diversity is defined as the amount of turnover in species composition from one site to another; and it plays a key role in biodiversity management and conservation, as it allows the detection of spatial gradients that act functionally in determining the spatial variation in species composition. This work demonstrates how the celebrated distance decay pattern achieved by means of spatial distance can be attained even with spectral distance, measured on Landsat near‐infrared images. It is argued that spectral heterogeneity represents a good proxy of β‐diversity of an area, becoming a valuable tool in biodiversity characterization at regional and global scales.     

Social Networks in Silicon Valley

Social network is a dominant, distinguishing characteristic of Silicon Valley. Because innovation entails coping with a high degree of uncertainty,such innovation is particularly dependent on networks.     

Structures Definable in Polymorphism

Encodings in polymorphism with finite product types are considered.These encodings are given in terms of I-algebras.They have th property that the ground terms are precisely the closed normal terms of the encoded types.The proof of a well-known result is transplanted to the setting and it is shown why weak recursion is admissible.The paper also shows how to carry out the dual encodings using the existential quantifier.     

基于最优化模糊逻辑的Robocup中型组动态角色分配

Robocup中型组机器人足球比赛中,采用动态角色分配系统的队伍在进行角色分配时产生系统振荡、时间滞后和系统反应不灵敏等同题.改进后的动态角色分配系统引入角色跟随反馈系统,选取机器人超调参数利用Frank-Wolfe算法进行最优化计算以及确定影响机器人获取球的时间因素和各影响因子的权值后采用简化的模糊控制模型确定机器人...     

Multi-robot collision-free navigation based on reciprocal orientation

In this paper, a new method for robot navigation in dynamic environments, called the reciprocal orientation algorithm, is introduced. This algorithm deals with the case in which each robot moves without direct communication with the other robots. The algorithm suggested in this paper uses the concept of reciprocal orientation which guarantees both smooth and collision-free robot trajectories. The algorithm is implemented in several simulation scenarios, some of them involving tens of robots. The deadlock problem, which occurs between two robots, has been solved by using an adequate deadlock resolution algorithm.     

SNA based QoS and reliability in fog and cloud framework

Fog and Cloud computing are ubiquitous computing paradigms based on the concepts of utility and grid computing. Cloud service providers permit flexible and dynamic access to virtualized computing resources on pay-per-use basis to the end users. The users having mobile device will like to process maximum number of applications locally by defining fog layer to provide infrastructure for storage and processing of applications. In case demands for resources are not being satisfied by fog layer of mobile device then job is transferred to cloud for processing. Due to large number of jobs and limited resources, fog is prone to deadlock at very large scale. Therefore, Quality of Service (QoS) and reliability are important aspects for heterogeneous fog and cloud framework. In this paper, Social Network Analysis (SNA) technique is used to detect deadlock for resources in fog layer of mobile device. A new concept of free space fog is proposed which helps to remove deadlock by collecting available free resource from all allocated jobs. A set of rules are proposed for a deadlock manager to increase the utilization of resources in fog layer and decrease the response time of request in case deadlock is detected by the system. Two different clouds (public cloud and virtual private cloud) apart from fog layer and free space fog are used to manage deadlock effectively. Selection among them is being done by assigning priorities to the requests and providing resources accordingly from fog and cloud. Therefore, QoS as well as reliability to users can be provided using proposed framework. Cloudsim is used to evaluate resource utilization using Resource Pool Manager (RPM). The results show the effectiveness of proposed technique.     

Self-Management Framework for Mobile Autonomous Systems

The advent of mobile and ubiquitous systems has enabled the development of autonomous systems such as wireless-sensors for environmental data collection and teams of collaborating Unmanned Autonomous Vehicles (UAVs) used in missions unsuitable for humans. However, with these range of new application-domains comes a new challenge—enabling self-management in mobile autonomous systems. Autonomous systems have to be able to manage themselves individually as well as form self-managing teams which are able to adapt to failures, protect themselves from attacks and optimise performance. This paper proposes a novel distributed policy-based framework that enables autonomous systems of varying scale to perform self-management individually and as a team. The framework allows missions to be specified in terms of roles in an adaptable and reusable way, enables dynamic and secure team formation with a utility-based approach for optimal role assignment, caters for communication link maintenance amongst team-members and recovery from failure. Adaptive management is achieved by employing a policy-based architecture to enable dynamic modification of the management strategy relating to resources, role behaviour, communications and team management, without interrupting the basic software within the system. Evaluation of the framework shows that it is scalable with respect to the number of roles, and consequently the number of autonomous systems involved in the mission. It is also optimal with respect to role assignments, and robust to intermittent communication link and permanent team-member failures.     

柔性制造系统中死锁避免的充要条件第二部分：资源的动态分配规则

本文根据在第一部分中推导出来的描述资源竞争的着色ＲＯＰＮ给出在柔性制造系统中无死锁运行的充分必要条件，从而得出相应的控制规律。它是一种资源动态分配的策略，它决定当一个资源空闲时，是否可以分配给一个任务，可以的话先分配给谁，以保证系统无死锁，并使得资源利用率最大。     

Evolving controllers for autonomous robot search teams

Deploying autonomous robot teams instead of humans in hazardous search and rescue missions could provide immeasurable benefits. In such operations, rescue workers often face environments where information about the physical conditions is impossible to obtain, which not only hampers the efficiency and effectiveness of the effort, but also places the rescuers in life-threatening situations. These types of risk promote the potential for using robot search teams in place of humans. This article presents the design and implementation of controllers to provide robots with appropriate behavior. The effective utilization of genetic algorithms to evolve controllers for teams of homogeneous autonomous robots for area coverage in search and rescue missions is described, along with a presentation of a robotic simulation program which was designed and developed. The main objective of this study was to contribute to efforts which attempt to implement real-world robotic solutions for search and rescue missions.     

Cooperative research in underwater robot mission-level programming methodologies

Programming autonomous vehicles to accomplish complex missions is a complicated task for which the development of control architectures is of prime importance. The goal of this paper is to describe the accomplishments of both French and American teams within a cooperative research program focused on the development of high-level control of semi-autonomous underwater vehicles. In particular, two different mission-programming methodologies are examined in the context of the requirements of a generic, reactive and complex underwater mission. The French team uses a combination of the ESTEREL synchronous programming language and the PIRRAT real-time control library to implement a methodology derived from the ORCCAD programming system. The approach taken by the American team builds a trilevel hybrid architecture using the CONTROLSHELL real-time software development environment. The details of each methodology are highlighted through the presentation of the high-level programs designed by each team using their approach to control an underwater robot to perform a multiphased underwater mission. The utility of both programming methodologies was verified through the successful completion of those missions in experimental demonstrations by the French VORTEX and American OTTER autonomous underwater vehicles.     

An algorithm for cooperative task allocation in scalable,constrained multiple robot systems

The current trends in the robotics field have led to the development of large-scale multiple robot systems, and they are deployed for complex missions. The robots in the system can communicate and interact with each other for resource sharing and task processing. Many of such systems fail despite the availability of necessary resources. The major reason for this is their poor coordination mechanism. Task planning, which involves task decomposition and task allocation, is paramount in the design of coordination and cooperation strategies of multiple robot systems. Task allocation mechanism allocates the task in a mission to the robots by maximizing the overall expected performance, and thereby reducing the total allocation cost for the team. In this paper, we formulate a heuristic search-based task allocation algorithm for the task processing in heterogeneous multiple robot system, by maximizing the efficiency in terms of both communication and processing cost. We assume a set of decomposed tasks of a mission, which needs to be allocated to the robots. The near-optimal allocation schemes are found using the proposed peer structure algorithm for the given problem, where the number of the tasks is more than the robots present in the system. The cost function is the summation of static overhead cost of robots, assignment cost, and the communication cost between the dependent tasks, if they are assigned to different robots. Experiments are performed to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm by comparing it with the existing methods in terms of computational time and quality of solution. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm performs the best under different problem scales. This proves that the algorithm can be scaled for larger system and it can work for dynamic multiple robot system.     

一种多机器人协作控制方法

提出了一种基于Petri网模型的多个移动机器人协作控制方法.该方法主要包括两个模块:高层控制模块(HLCM)和低层控制模块(LLCM).HLCM负责任务分配和再规划,LLCM实现单个机器人的控制逻辑.利用可达树对Petri网模型中的死锁进行检测,并给出了消除死锁的方法.仿真实验证明了该方法的有效性.􀁱     

浅谈操作系统中的死锁问题

如何进行合理的资源分配,使操作系统的主要任务之一。本文将着重讨论操作系统在处理资源分配过程中的死锁问题,并给出适当的解决方法。