压射速度和浇注温度对Al-10%Si合金组织与硬度的影响

基于液态压铸技术,研究了压射速度和浇注温度对亚共晶Al-10%Si(质量分数)合金组织与硬度的影响规律.结果表明:随着压射速度的增加,试样的硬度总的趋势是减小的,而试样的晶粒尺寸先减小而后增大:浇注温度对试样的晶粒尺寸和硬度值有明显影响,较高的浇注温度有利于获得晶粒尺寸细小,硬度值高的试样:当压铸工艺参数(增压压力16MPa、模具温度150℃、压射速度2.5m/s、浇注温度720℃)适宜时,Al-10%Si合金试样的硬度可达到57.9HBS,晶粒尺寸只有13.54μm.     

汽车用新型高温合金的铸造工艺优化

采用不同工艺参数进行了汽车增压器涡轮用新型高温合金K4002-Sr试样的铸造试验,并进行了高温耐磨损性能、高温抗氧化性能和显微组织的测试、比较和分析。结果表明:随浇注温度从1320℃升高到1400℃、模具预热温度从700℃升高到1200℃,试样的平均晶粒尺寸先减小后增大,高温耐磨损性能和高温抗氧化性能均先提升后下降。与1320℃浇注温度相比,1360℃浇注的试样磨损体积、单位面积质量增加值和平均晶粒尺寸分别减小59.3%、64.4%和43%;与700℃模具预热温度相比,模具预热温度为1100℃时试样的磨损体积、单位面积质量增加值和平均晶粒尺寸分别减小52.2%、59.6%和40.4%。     

ZL104铝合金连杆半固态挤压铸造工艺实验研究

研究了传统液态挤压铸造与半固态挤压铸造成形ZL104铝合金连杆的充填状态、微观组织及力学性能。结果表明:传统液态挤压铸造成形连杆充填饱满,但其抗拉强度及伸长率低于半固态挤压铸造成形连杆。对于半固态挤压铸造成形,浇注温度高于565℃时,铸件充填性能良好;平均晶粒尺寸及形状因子随浇注温度的升高而逐渐增大;连杆抗拉强度及伸长率先增加后减小。挤压压力高于25MPa时,铸件均充填饱满;挤压压力升高,平均晶粒尺寸不断减小且形状因子不断增大,连杆机械性能不断提高。模具预热温度升高,平均晶粒尺寸和形状因子不断增大,连杆机械性能逐渐提高。但当模具预热温度超过300℃时,平均晶粒尺寸进一步增大而其形状因子减小,导致连杆的机械性能下降。     

浇注温度和压射速度对Al-30Si压铸组织和力学性能的影响

研究液态压铸过程中浇注温度和压射速度对Al-30Si压铸组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明,随着浇注温度的升高,Al-30Si压铸组织中的初生硅尺寸在不断减小.温度从780℃升高到820℃时,初生硅的尺寸出现了大幅度的减小,温度再升高则变化不明显;同时,抗拉强度随温度的变化也表现出同样的趋势.而压射速度对Al-30Si液态压铸组织的影响要比浇注温度的影响小得多.初生硅的尺寸随压射速度的增加有减小的趋势,但减小的幅度不大.当压射速度为8m/s时,压铸组织出现了明显的气孔、缩孔等缺陷.随着压射速度的增加,其抗拉强度呈现出了先增大后减小的趋势,最大值217N/mm2出现在压射速度为4m/s时.     

汽车散热器用新型铝合金的铸造工艺及组织性能研究

采用不同的浇注温度和浇注时间进行了汽车散热器用A356-CeMn新型铝合金试样的铸造,并进行了显微组织、散热性能和力学性能的测试与分析。结果表明:随浇注温度的升高和浇注时间的延长,试样的显微组织逐渐改善,晶粒细化、均匀,热导率和抗拉强度先增大后减小,散热性能和力学性能先提升后略有下降。和690℃浇注温度的性能相比,720℃铸造时的热导率增大12 W/(m·K),抗拉强度增大22 MPa;和6 s浇注时间的性能相比,浇注时间10 s时的热导率增大11 W/(m·K),抗拉强度增大17 MPa。     

离心铸造工艺参数对汽车气阀性能的影响

采用不同的离心铸造工艺参数对Ti Al基合金汽车气阀进行了铸造,并在500℃进行了力学性能和耐磨损性能的测试与分析。结果表明:与1600℃浇注的试样相比, 1645℃浇注的试样抗拉强度和屈服强度分别增大了16%和21%,磨损体积减小了40%;与200℃模具预热温度相比,模具预热温度为240℃时试样的抗拉强度和屈服强度分别增大了15%和21%,磨损体积减小了26%;与旋转速度1000 r/min相比,当旋转速度为2500 r/min时离心铸造试样的抗拉强度和屈服强度分别增大了14%和22%,磨损体积减小了37%。随浇注温度从1600℃上升至1660℃,或模具预热温度从200℃上升至260℃,或旋转速度从1000 r/min增加至3000 r/min,力学性能和耐磨损性能均先提高后下降。Ti Al基合金汽车气阀的浇注温度、模具预热温度和旋转速度分别优选为1645℃、240℃和2500 r/min。     

浇注温度对7075铝合金组织和力学性能的影响研究

主要研究了7075铝合金铸轧过程中不同浇注温度对铝合金的微观结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明:浇注温度对7075铝合金试样的晶粒尺寸、分布有重要影响。7075铝合金的抗拉强度和屈服强度随着浇注温度升高先增加后降低,当浇注温度为710℃时,试样的抗拉强度达到最大的206 MPa;伸长率随着浇注温度的升高而不断增加,当浇注温度为720℃时达到最高的2.8%。试样的显微硬度在浇注温度为700℃时最高。     

压铸工艺对汽车用镁合金组织与性能影响

采用不同浇注温度和型腔真空压力进行了AM50Ce汽车镁合金的真空压铸试验,并进行了显微组织和力学性能的测试与分析。结果表明:在650～730℃浇注温度和1～30 kPa型腔真空压力,随浇注温度升高,型腔真空压力减小合金的强度先提高后下降。与650℃浇注相比,型腔真空压力8 KPa690℃浇注时合金抗拉强度增大89MPa(从174到263MPa),平均晶粒尺寸减小16μm(从22到6μm);690℃浇注时,与30 kPa型腔真空压力相比,采用8kPa型腔真空压力时合金抗拉强度增大71MPa(从192到263 MPa),平均晶粒尺寸减小14μm(从20到6μm)。合金的浇注温度和型腔真空压力分别优选为690℃、8 kPa。     

汽车用Al-7Si-0.5V-0.3In铸造铝合金的性能研究

采用不同的浇注温度对汽车用Al-7Si-0.5V-0.3In铝合金进行了铸造试验,并进行了强度和耐磨损性能的测试、比较与分析。结果表明:随浇注温度的升高,试样的抗拉强度先增大后减小,磨损体积先减小后增大。与710℃浇注温度相比,760℃浇注温度下试样的抗拉强度增大了12.81%,磨损体积减小了25.46%。Al-7Si-0.5V-0.3In铝合金铸造试样的浇注温度优选为760℃。     

锻压态AZ81镁合金的组织与性能

为改善和提高AZ81镁合金的组织和力学性能,采用不同的始锻温度对AZ81镁合金进行了锻压试验,并进行了组织和力学性能的测试与分析。结果表明:随始锻温度从400℃升高至480℃,试样的平均晶粒尺寸和断后伸长率先减小后增大,而抗拉强度和屈服强度先增大后减小,试样的显微组织和力学性能均先改善后变差。与400℃时锻造相比,始锻温度为440℃时锻造的AZ81镁合金的平均晶粒尺寸减小了9.4μm,晶粒细化,组织得到了极大地改善;抗拉强度和屈服强度分别增大了63和71 MPa,断后伸长率减小了3.9%。因此,AZ81镁合金的始锻温度优选为440℃。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。