原位〔TiB_(2(p))+TiC_p〕/Fe复合材料的制备和微结构

热力学分析表明,Fe Ti B C熔体具有反应生成TiB2和TiC的可能性,TiB2和TiC热力学稳定性相当。试验结果表明,利用Fe Ti B C熔体反应可以制备TiB2和TiC颗粒增强铁基复合材料,TiB2颗粒和TiC颗粒均匀分布于α Fe晶粒中,TiB2颗粒比TiC颗粒具有更大的平均尺寸。     

原位[TiB2(p)+TiCp]/Fe复合材料的制备和微结构

热力学分析表明，Fe-Ti-B-C熔体具有反应生成TiB2和TiC的可能性，TiB2和TiC热力学稳定性相当。试验结果表明，利用Fe-Ti-B-C熔体反应可以制备TiB2和TiC颗粒增强铁基复合材料，TiB2颗粒和TiC颗粒均匀分布于α-Fe晶粒中，TiB2颗粒比TiC颗粒具有更大的平均尺寸。     

原位反应制备细颗粒TiB2增强铝基复合材料研究

热力学分析和试验结果证实，KBF4、Ti反应剂以一定的Ti／B原子比混合加入熔体，最终反应生成单一TiB2相，能抑制TiAl3等其它相的产生。在此基础上，分析比较了反应剂混合粉以预制块形式加入、气流载入熔体两工艺条件下的TiB2颗粒分布、大小。结果表明：通过氩气流载入反应混合粉，并快速搅拌熔体，可克服TiB2颗粒在晶界的团聚，细化颗粒，获得颗粒小于0．5um、且较均匀分布的TiB2／Al复合材料。     

TiB_2粒子的原位生成及对铝合金组织与性能的影响

通过对向电解加钛铝熔体加入Al-B中间合金制备含TiB2颗粒的Al合金的研究,分析了这种原位反应法制备工艺的可行性。试验结果表明,熔体中的自由钛、硼原子能自发反应生成稳定的TiB2粒子,且TiB2颗粒细小、弥散的分布在熔体中。随TiB2颗粒含量的增加,TiB2颗粒在合金中的分布更加均匀,铝合金的布氏硬度也随之大幅度提高。     

激光焊接颗粒增强铝基复合材料中TiB2颗粒的演变行为（英文）

研究大功率激光器焊接TiB2颗粒增强铝基复合材料时TiB2粒子的演变行为。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)及能谱(EDS)分析焊缝内粒子的物相、热力学过程及形貌特征;同时对TiB2和铝基体的界面反应进行讨论。结果表明:当TiB2团簇尺寸大于激光光斑直径时,焊缝中部的TiB2粒子会熔融在一起,较大尺寸的TiB2会发生断裂;当与铝熔体接触后,熔化后的TiB2粒子会与Al发生反应生成Al3Ti和AlB12,并且焊缝中部的界面反应比焊缝边缘的剧烈。     

双束熔体原位复合法制备Cu-TiB2合金的热力学与动力学

介绍双束熔体原位复合法制备Cu—TiB2弥散强化铜合金的原理，并对其反应热力学和动力学进行研究。计算结果表明：Cu—B和Cu—Ti合金熔体碰撞时最容易形成TiB2相；TiB粒子的形核数量随反应扩散深度的降低和母合金溶质元素浓度的增加而增加；形核数量的增加有利于获得纳米级的TiB2粒子，但增加母合金溶质元素浓度容易出现粒子团聚长大现象。据此分析了如何设计反应器形状以及反应条件的选择。     

铝熔体中原位反应生成TiB2颗粒的机制

借助X射线衍射（XRD）和扫描电镜（SEM）分析了铝熔体中原位反应生成TIB2颗粒的机制结果表明：（1）形成Al3Ti放出的热量是引发后续TiB2反应的原因之一;（2）在铝熔体中原位反应生成TiB2颗粒时存在扩散机制和溶解-析出机制;（3）理论计算和实验结果都表明预制块中的Al含量显著影响TiB2颗粒的生成机制,当Al的摩尔分数大于43．5％时,反应过程中TiB2颗粒按扩散机制生成,颗粒近似呈球形当Al的摩尔分数小于43．5％时,部分TiB2颗粒按溶解-析出机制生成,颗粒呈方形或多边形在方形和多边形TiB2颗粒上观察到了明显的生长台阶     

双熔体混合-快速凝固原位生成TiB2/Cu复合材料的研究

利用双熔体混合-快速凝固的原位反应技术制备了Cu-纳米TiB2复合材料。用XRD、TEM等手段对TiB2/Cu复合材料进行结构分析。研究表明,铜基体中分布着尺寸约40 nm的TiB2颗粒,对Cu基体有良好的增强作用,同时对双熔体混合反应生成TiB2的热力学进行了讨论。     

TiB2/Al复合材料熔体的粘滞性

通过对TiB:颗粒增强铝基复合材料熔体粘度的系统测量和分析,研究了TiB2颗粒增强铝基复合材料熔体的粘度随温度变化的规律和熔体结构的变化.结果表明TiB2颗粒增强铝基复合材料熔体的粘度随温度的变化呈明显的不连续性,根据粘度的变化可以将熔体状态分为高温区、中温区和低温区,各温区间存在粘度突变温度点.在低温区和中温区之间可能存在着由TiB2引起的熔体结构的变化.     

制备Al-Ti-B中间合金熔体反应机理的研究

研究了纯钛颗粒法制备Al—Ti—B中间合金的反应机制，探讨了3种加料方式下熔体反应的热力学机理。试验表明：在充分反应的情况下，3种加料方式制备Al—Ti—B中间合金的相结构相同；在先加KBF。的情况下，熔体中将出现AlB2相，不过在有溶解钛的条件下，经充分反应其将会最终转换为TiB2相；混合加料形成第二相（TiAl3，TiB2）最为直接。     

Influence of metal ions on the formation of artificial zinc rusts

The artificial rust particles were prepared from ZnCl₂ solutions dissolving Al(III), Fe(III), Fe(II), Ni(II), Co(II) and Mg(II) at different atomic ratios from 0 to 0.3 in metal/Zn. With increasing metal/Zn the crystal phases of the products turned following as ZnO → a mixture of ZnO and Zn₅(OH)₈Cl₂ · H₂O (ZHC) → ZHC. Al(III) most facilitated the formation of ZHC but Mg(II) and Fe(III) produced no ZHC. The morphology of the formed particles varied following as agglomerate → fine → rod → sheet → irregular with the increase of metal/Zn. The sheet and irregularly shaped particles were identified as ZHC and the other particles as ZnO.     

NiAl－Fe金属间化合物合金的正电子寿命谱

测量了塑性金属间化合物合金Ｎｉ（５０）Ａｌ（３０）Ｆｅ（２０），Ｎｉ（５０）Ａｌ（２０）Ｆｅ（３０）和Ｎｉ（６０）Ａｌ（２０）Ｆｅ（２０）单晶和多晶的正电子寿命谱．基于正电子寿命谱的特征参数引入了正电子双区域捕获模型，并讨论了这些合金微观结构与力学性能之间的关系．     

NiAl—Fe金属间化合物合金的正电子寿命谱

测量了塑性金属间化合物合金Ｎｉ５０Ａｌ３０Ｆｅ２０，Ｎｉ５０Ａｌ２０Ｆｅ３０，Ｎｉ６０Ａｌ２０Ｆｅ２０单晶和多晶的正电子寿命谱。基于正电子寿命谱的特征参数引入了正电子双区域捕获模型，并讨论了这些合金微观结构与力学性能之间的关系。     

Effect of dislocation density on the low temperature aging behavior of an ultra low carbon bake hardening steel

Strain aging was studied in an ultra low carbon (ULC) steel with a total carbon content of 20 ppm (wt.%) in order to identify the process stages and mechanism of bake hardening in this type of steel. The effects of dislocation density, varied by means of uniaxial tensile prestraining (1–10%) on the aging kinetics were investigated within an aging temperature range of 50–170°C. The aging was evaluated by means of strength measurements and the determination of interstitial carbon content after aging using a piezoelectric composite oscillator operating at 40 kHz. The interaction between interstitial carbon and dislocations was examined through amplitude dependent internal friction measurements. The influence of dislocation density on the aging behavior have been discussed with reference to the kinetics and mechanism of the aging process.     

Effect of solution heat treatment on galvanic coupling between intermetallics and matrix in AA7075-T6

Susceptibility to localised corrosion is strongly affected by heat treatments performed on Al-Zn-Cu-Mg alloys. In order to study how galvanic coupling between intermetallics and matrix is affected by solution heat treatment, AA7075-T6 and solution heat treated AA7075 have been characterised by means of scanning electron microscopy and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy. Solution heat treatment strongly increased the Volta potential difference between the intermetallics and the surrounding matrix showing a strong increase in galvanic coupling. This is explained by Zn and Mg enrichment of the matrix caused by dissolution of strengthening particles during solution heat treatment.     

Characterizing corrosion behavior under atmospheric conditions using electrochemical techniques

AC and DC electrochemical experiments were performed as a function of humidity and contaminant concentration in an effort to identify the range of atmospheric environments where corrosion processes could be detected and possibly quantified. AC measurements exhibited two time constants at 25% relative humidity (RH), possibly indicating the ability to resolve both electrolyte resistance and interfacial impedance. Galvanic current measurements were sensitive to the presence of Cl_2(g) at 30% RH and electrochemical transients were detected at both 30% and 50% RH levels, also indicating sensitivity to interfacial processes. Higher humidity levels allowed better quantification due to decreasing electrolyte and interfacial impedances.     

Electrochemical behaviour of amorphous and nanoquasicrystalline Zr-Pd and Zr-Pt alloys in different environments

The corrosion behaviour of melt spun amorphous and nanoquasicrystalline Zr₇₀Pd₃₀ and Zr₈₀Pt₂₀ alloy ribbons has been investigated using potentiodynamic polarization study in NaCl, H₂SO₄ and NaOH solutions at different concentrations. The amorphous and nanoquasicrystalline alloys show better corrosion resistance than Zr in all the solutions studied. Both the alloys are susceptible to chloride attack and pitting has been observed. Complete passivation has been observed in H₂SO₄, while gradual break down of passivating layer occurs in NaOH. In general, nanoquasicrystalline state in both the alloys shows better corrosion resistance than amorphous state in all the solutions studied.     

A study on the deactivation of an IrO2–Ta2O5 coated titanium anode

The deactivation of an IrO₂–Ta₂O₅ coated titanium anode was studied during an accelerated life test at 2 A cm⁻² in 1 mol dm⁻³ H₂SO₄ solution using CV, EIS, SEM and EDX. The changes of voltammetric charge, double layer capacitance, oxide film resistance and charge transfer resistance of oxygen evolution with time during the electrolysis were monitored. The morphology and surface composition of the oxide anode before and after electrolysis test were analysed. A comprehensive process of deactivation of the oxide anode was proposed based on the test results and analysis.     

Corrosion behaviour of powder metallurgical and cast Al-Zn-Mg base alloys

The behaviour of Al-Zn-Mg base alloys produced by powder metallurgy and casting has been studied using potentiodynamic polarisation in 0.3% and 3% NaCl solutions. The influence of alloy production route on microstructure has been examined by scanning electron microscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy and secondary ion mass spectrometry. An improvement in performance of powder metallurgy (PM) materials, compared with the cast alloy, was evident in solutions of low chloride concentration; less striking differences were revealed in high chloride concentration. Both powder metallurgy and cast alloys show two main types of precipitates, which were identified as Zn-Mg and Zr-Sc base intermetallic phases. The microstructure of the PM alloys is refined compared with the cast material, which assists understanding of the corrosion performance. The corrosion process commences with dissolution of the Zn-Mg base phases, with the relatively coarse phases present in the cast alloy showing ready development of corrosion.     

Characteristics and lacquer adhesion on dip and CDC chromium passivated tinplate

Chromium passivation and lacquering are typically used to improve the corrosion resistance of tinplate in packed food. In this work, the nature of the chromium passivation layer formed during dip or CDC passivation treatments, as a function of operational parameters, and its influence on lacquer adhesion, was investigated using electrochemical polarisation, XPS, Auger and lacquer peel-off tests. It was found that dip passivated tinplate provide the best lacquer adhesion, and that the adhesion on CDC treated tinplate could be improved by buffering or lowering the pH of the chromium (VI) solution.