离心压缩机三元叶轮形状优化设计

在三维参数化建模的基础上,对某离心三元叶轮进口叶片的前缘进行了形状优化设计,在叶轮质量和变形满足要求的条件下,得到了叶轮进口叶片前缘的最优结构尺寸参数.降低了叶轮最大应力并改善了应力分布状态,为离心压缩机三元叶轮设计提供了重要的依据.     

叶片前缘载荷分布对大流量系数离心压缩机叶轮性能的影响

本文主要针对大流量系数模型级的叶轮叶片载荷分布进行研究,通过改变叶片前缘载荷(叶片0~20%无量纲中弧线长)分布来设计不同形式叶轮,并进行了数值模拟分析,通过对流场的分析和性能曲线的对比,研究叶片前缘载荷对叶轮性能的影响,研究发现不同的载荷分布形式使得压缩机的性能曲线也有不同程度的左右偏移,叶轮内部流场也有较大差别,分析结果可为大流量系数模型级叶轮结构的优化设计与性能提高提供理论依据,同时为大流量系数压缩机的开发提供参考。     

几何参数对离心叶轮强度和气动性能影响的研究

使用有限元计算软件和内部流场计算软件对所设计的几个具有不同几何尺寸的离心压气机叶轮的强度和气动性能进行了计算。结果表明反弯叶片可降低叶轮出口处叶片根部附近的应力,但会造成叶片根部前缘区域应力集中,且反弯叶轮的气动性能和原型叶轮差别不大。前倾叶片能在很大程度上降低叶轮出口处叶片根部应力,前倾角越大出口叶根处应力减小越多;随前倾角增大,叶轮气动性能恶化程度加剧;叶轮的背盘形状对叶轮的应力影响较大,尤其是出口处的背盘厚度对出口处叶片根部区域的应力起主因作用。研究得出叶片几何及背盘形状因素对叶轮应力分布的影响规律,另外还得到了叶片几何形状对气动性能的影响规律,这些工作为叶轮的多学科优化设计提供良好的基础。     

离心式压缩机叶轮的有限元和实验应力分析

前言叶轮是离子式压缩机的重要元件,一般的闭式叶轮是由轮盘、轮盖和叶片组成,其制造工艺可以用铆接、铣铆或焊接来完成,结构形状比较复杂(见图1)。再由于近年来离心式压缩机趋向高压、高转速发展,其线速度可达300米/秒以上,强度要求充分可靠。造成叶轮破坏的原因,可能是基本强度不     

叶片数和安装角对氦气压缩机性能影响研究

使用ANSYS软件对主氦风机的叶轮进行模型建立和数值模拟,分别对叶轮的叶片出口安装角为27.5°～37.5°和叶片数为15～19的氦气压缩机进行建模和仿真计算,分析叶轮叶片出口安装角和叶片数对氦气压缩机内部流场和效率的影响。结果表明:随着叶片出口安装角的增大,叶轮的出口压力增加,但压缩机的多变效率下降;随着叶轮叶片数的增加,叶轮出口压力增加,在70%设计流量工况下,减少叶轮叶片数会导致压缩机多变效率下降;当流量大于设计流量时,增加叶片数则导致压缩机多变效率下降。     

离心压缩机级的数值试验及分析

在自行开发的离心压缩机建模参数化软件平台上，对含分流叶片的离心压缩机级进行了数值试验，给出了级的总性能曲线和叶轮出口流场分布等结果。结果表明：离心叶轮分流叶片的位置、叶片出口的形状、扩压器宽度，以及蜗壳型式等方面的不同选择都会对压缩机的性能造成明显的影响。     

高温热泵离心叶轮变叶片数时流场特性分析

离心式压缩机作为高温热泵系统中的关键部件其运行效率、工况范围和安全性能都直接影响着整个机组的性能,而离心式压缩机叶轮叶片的数目是影响离心式压缩机效率的关键参数.目前离心式压缩机叶片数目的确定主要根据经验公式,同一叶轮取不同数目的叶片对叶轮内部流场的影响缺乏定量的分析.对高温热泵离心机取不同叶片数目时的单通道流场进行了数值模拟,分析变叶片数时叶轮内部吸力面分离区和分离点变化特性、二次流损失变化规律,优化叶轮叶片数目,为合理设计离心式压缩机叶轮叶片数提供理论依据.     

离心泵内叶轮叶片前缘倒角对汽蚀的影响

采用标准k-epsilon模型,对多级离心泵内首级叶轮流场进行数值模拟,研究叶轮叶片前缘倒角对汽蚀的影响。通过改变前缘倒角半径的大小,比较各个不同前缘吸力面一侧压降的变化。结果表明在吸力面一侧具有倒角的非对称型前缘减小压降的能力要优于半圆型前缘,且倒角半径大小影响液体压力下降,所以倒角半径需控制在一定范围之内。又通过与变半径非对称型前缘的比较可知,在一定范围内的变半径倒角对液体压降的控制优于不变半径的非对称倒角,同时改变叶轮叶片前缘形状也有助于减小吸力面液体漩涡出现。     

时序效应对离心压缩机叶片非定常气动负荷影响

针对国内某大型企业不同机组离心压缩机叶轮叶片进行非定常流动数值分析,通过求解三维瞬态N-S方程组,得到流场分布和叶片表面的静压载荷信息。利用数值实验方法获得离心压缩机不同时序位置叶轮叶片表面动载荷的变化,并通过傅里叶变换得到叶轮叶片表面动载荷的分布特性,进而分析不同时序位置叶轮叶片表面气动负荷的差异。数值计算表明,时序效应对离心压缩机流道内流动以及叶轮叶片的非定常气动负荷存在不可忽略的影响,且合适的时序位置具有改进压缩机级性能的潜能。动载荷是压缩机叶轮叶片结构发生疲劳破坏的诱因,且不同机组离心压缩机中的时序效应对气动载荷的影响具有一致性。     

不同形式高速离心叶轮内部流动的数值模拟

为分析叶轮结构对于叶轮内部流动的影响,对8叶片的闭式和半开式两种形式低比转速高速离心复合叶轮进行研究.采用S-A湍流模型和雷诺时均N-S方程,对叶轮内部的流动进行三维紊流数值计算和分析,并对离心泵进行试验研究.数值计算结果表明,两种形式叶轮内部都存在回流,其中半开式叶轮内部的回流区域较少,液流在间隙里的相对流动大致为圆周方向;叶轮内部的静压力都是由叶片进口到出口逐渐升高,等静压曲线几乎是沿圆周方向,半开式叶轮叶片顶部的静压力低于相应位置根部的静压力,闭式叶轮出口的压力系数高于半开式叶轮.试验结果表明,半开式叶轮离心泵的效率较高,说明叶轮内部的回流是影响离心泵性能的重要因素.     

叶片开缝对离心压缩机叶轮内部流场影响的数值研究

通过数值实验,以某个NASA半开式叶轮数据为例,对半开式无间隙叶轮、半开式有间隙叶轮、闭式叶轮和闭式开缝叶轮进行了详细的流场分析和对比,并与该半开式叶轮的实验结果进行分析比较,结果符合良好,证明计算结果可靠。     

叶片进口边位置对双吸离心泵性能的影响分析

针对一种国内生产的双吸泵,利用CFD软件对其内部流场进行数值模拟,依据一元理论对叶轮的水力设计进行检查。在不改变原叶轮设计的基础上分别将叶片进口边三次后移构造出三种叶型A1、A2、A3。数值计算结果表明:在任意工况下叶轮A2的效率比A1、A3的效率都高,且在最优工况下叶轮A2的最高效率比原叶轮的效率高5.8%,高效区也明显变宽。研究表明,在推荐值1～1.3以外时,叶片间有效进出口面积的比值并非越小,泵的性能越好;叶片进口边的位置对泵的性能有很大的影响,适当改变进口边位置可以有效地改善叶轮进口的流动状态。     

Influence of blade thickness on transient flow characteristics of centrifugal slurry pump with semi-open impeller

As the critical component, the impellers of the slurry pumps usually have blades of a large thickness. The increasing excretion coefficient of the blades affects the flow in the impeller resulting in a relatively higher hydraulic loss, which is rarely reported. In order to investigate the influence of blade thickness on the transient flow characteristics of a centrifugal slurry pump with a semi-open impeller, transient numerical simulations were carried out on six impellers, of which the meridional blade thickness from the leading edge to trailing edge varied from 5-10 mm, 5-15 mm, 5-20 mm, 10-10 mm, 10-15 mm, and 10-20 mm, respectively. Then, two of the six impellers, namely cases 4 and 6, were manufactured and experimentally tested for hydraulic performance to verify the simulation results. Results of these tests agreed reasonably well with those of the numerical simulation. The results demonstrate that when blade thickness increases, pressure fluctuations at the outlet of the impeller become severe. Moreover, the standard deviation of the relative velocity in the middle portion of the suction sides of the blades decreases and that at the outlet of the impeller increases. Thus, the amplitude of the impeller head pulsation for each case increases. Meanwhile, the distribution of the time-averaged relative flow angle becomes less uniform and decreases at the outlet of the impeller. Hence, as the impeller blade thickness increases, the pump head drops rapidly and the maximum efficiency point is offset to a lower flow rate condition. As the thickness of blade trailing edge increases by 10 mm, the head of the pump drops by approximately 5 m, which is approximately 10 % of the original pump head. Futhermore, it is for the first time that the time-averaged relative flow angle is being considered for the analysis of transient flow in centrifugal pump. The presented work could be a useful guideline in engineering practice when designing a centrifugal slurry pump with thick impeller blades.

     

叶片梯度角对压气机叶轮固有频率的影响规律

增压器叶轮固有频率分布对其可靠性寿命起至关重要的作用.为获取压气机叶轮几何尺寸对叶轮固有频率的影响规律,提出了与叶片厚度和叶片悬臂长度相关的叶片梯度角概念,采用Con-cepts NREC软件进行叶轮系列化设计,结合ANSYS有限元分析软件进行叶轮固有频率及强度模拟计算,并通过叶轮模态测试系统进行了8个代表性尺寸的铣削...     

Visualization of relative flow patterns in centrifugal blood pump

This paper presents computational and flow visualization results on a centrifugal blood pump. 4 impeller designs were tested at a rotational speed of 2000 rpm using blood analog as working fluid. All impellers have seven blades but of different geometry (Impellers A3, A4, B2 and R7). Flow visualization within the impeller passages was conducted using an image de-rotation system. A pair of large scale vortices was found within the blades of impeller R7 while a single vortex was found in most of the passages of backward facing impellers (Impellers A3, A4 and B2). To establish the effects of blade geometry on blood cells, CFD was used to simulate the blade to blade flow to provide an estimate of the maximum shear stress. The results showed that though most of the stresses within the blade passages are below a threshold level of 150 N/m² for extensive erythrocyte damage to occur, there are some regions near to the leading edge of the pressure side where the shear stresses are above threshold level.     

Impeller inlet geometry effect on performance improvement for centrifugal pumps

This research treats the effect of impeller inlet geometry on performance improvement for a boiler feed pump, who is a centrifugal pump having specific speed of 183 m·m³min⁻¹·min⁻¹ and close type impeller with exit diameter of 450 mm. The hydraulic performance and cavitation performance of the pump have been tested experimentally. In order to improve the pump, five impellers have been considered by extending the blade leading edge or applying much larger blade angle at impeller inlet compared with the original impeller. The 3-D turbulent flow inside those pumps has been analyzed basing on RNG k-ɛ turbulence model and VOF cavitation model. It is noted that the numerical results are fairly good compared with the experiments. Based on the experimental test and numerical simulation, the following conclusions can be drawn: (1) Impeller inlet geometry has important influence on performance improvement in the case of centrifugal pump. Favorite effects on performance improvement have been achieved by both extending the blade leading edge and applying much larger blade angle at impeller inlet; (2) It is suspected that the extended leading edge have favorite effect for improving hydraulic performance, and the much larger blade angle at impeller inlet have favorite effect for improving cavitation performance for the test pump; (3) Uniform flow upstream of impeller inlet is helpful for improving cavitation performance of the pump. This paper was presented at the 9^th Asian International Conference on Fluid Machinery (AICFM9), Jeju, Korea, October 16–19, 2007.     

Effect of meridional shape on performance of axial-flow fan

In this study, the effect of impeller meridional shape on the performance of axial-flow fan is investigated by CFD method. Three axialflow fan impellers with different meridional shapes are designed. The blade angle, blade stacking condition and other structure factors of the impellers are all remained consistent. The performance curves of the three impellers are calculated and compared. In almost all the interested flowrate range, the impeller W3 with an inverted-isosceles-trapezoid meridional shape and the longer blade camber achieves both the higher pressure rise and the higher efficiency than the other two impellers. A two-stage axial-flow fan designed on basis of W3 is manufactured and tested. Test results show good agreement with the calculated performance curves. Further, analyses of the CFD results are conducted to reveal the reasons for the different performance. A newly-defined Local Euler head (LEH) is introduced to represent the distribution of the major Euler work in the axial-flow fan. And the LEH distributions in the three impellers are obtained. W3 achieves the highest LEH at blade Trailing edge (TE), because it could perform the most Euler work to the fluid with the longest blade camber. Then losses in the impellers are analyzed by means of the entropy generation. Among the losses in impeller, the tip leakage loss and endwall friction loss are dominated at design flowrate. The generation condition of the tip leakage loss shows significant differences among the three impellers. And the whole power loss in impeller of W3 is slightly higher than those of the other two models. However, the power loss difference among the three impellers is negligible. And due to the highest shaft power, the efficiency loss of W3 is the lowest of all.     

Robust design optimization method for centrifugal impellers under surface roughness uncertainties due to blade fouling

Blade fouling has been proved to be a great threat to compressor performance in operating stage. The current researches on fouling-induced performance degradations of centrifugal compressors are based mainly on simplified roughness models without taking into account the realistic factors such as spatial non-uniformity and randomness of the fouling-induced surface roughness. Moreover, little attention has been paid to the robust design optimization of centrifugal compressor impellers with considerations of blade fouling. In this paper, a multi-objective robust design optimization method is developed for centrifugal impellers under surface roughness uncertainties due to blade fouling. A three-dimensional surface roughness map is proposed to describe the nonuniformity and randomness of realistic fouling accumulations on blades. To lower computational cost in robust design optimization, the support vector regression (SVR) metamodel is combined with the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) method to conduct the uncertainty analysis of fouled impeller performance. The analyzed results show that the critical fouled region associated with impeller performance degradations lies at the leading edge of blade tip. The SVR metamodel has been proved to be an efficient and accurate means in the detection of impeller performance variations caused by roughness uncertainties. After design optimization, the robust optimal design is found to be more efficient and less sensitive to fouling uncertainties while maintaining good impeller performance in the clean condition. This research proposes a systematic design optimization method for centrifugal compressors with considerations of blade fouling, providing a practical guidance to the design of advanced centrifugal compressors.