不同组配P91钢焊接接头断裂性能的试验研究

采用JR阻力曲线试验方法，研究了强度组配对P91钢焊接接头不同区域断裂性能的影响规律，并分析了不同组配P91钢焊接接头的硬度分布。结果表明，焊接热循环对其热影响区的性能没有明显的影响；低组配焊接接头焊缝区的断裂阻力要高于高组配焊接接头焊缝区的断裂阻力，即强度低组配有利于提高P91钢焊缝的抗断性能；对于熔合线区域，试验结果体现出类似的规律，即随组配比的降低，熔合线区域的抗断性能升高；而无论何种强度组配的P91钢焊接接头。其焊缝金属的抗断性能均优于熔合线区域。     

一种钛基钎料钎焊TiAl合金接头的高温力学性能分析

采用自主研发的一种Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni-Co-Mo非晶钎料对TiAl合金进行钎焊连接，钎焊温度为1 000 ℃，时间为5 min，对所得的钎焊接头进行了高温抗剪强度和抗拉强度研究，并与母材强度进行了对比. 结果表明，钎焊接头在700 ℃高温下可长期服役，但剪切试验温度高于700 ℃后由于氧化物的生成和钎焊中心区显微组织发生变化导致剪切性能急剧下降，钎焊接头跟母材在不同拉伸试验温度下的抗拉强度随试验温度上升呈下降趋势，两者差距先减小后增大，分别在不高于600和800 ℃条件下仍能保持室温性能的80%以上.     

Shear strength of CMT brazed lap joints between aluminum and zinc-coated steel

Higher shear strength and fusion line failure were measured in CMT brazed lap joint of aluminum alloy 6061 and zinc coated steels with high strength (DP600) or thick plate (1.2 mm). Lower shear strength and interface failure were observed only if aluminum was brazed with low strength (270 MPa) and thin steel sheet (0.7 mm). A numerical model was developed for the prediction of shear strength and failure modes of the CMT lap joints. The maximum principle stress and deformation energy at the interface layer of the CMT joints were adopted as failure criteria for interface failure prediction. The equivalent plastic strain in the weld metal, HAZ and base metal of aluminum side of the CMT brazed joints was used as a criterion for failure prediction occurred on the fusion line. The shear strength of CMT joints and the two failure modes can be accurately estimated by the developed numerical model.     

Study on static and fatigue strength of structural adhesive-bonded joints of steel sheets for automotive application

The static and fatigue strength of crush durable structural adhesive-bonded lap joints of steel sheets for automobiles was evaluated by tensile shear tests. The steel sheets used in this study were uncoated and galvannealed (GA) with tensile strength ranging from 270 MPa-grade to 980 MPa-grade and the thickness ranging from 0.7 to 1.8 mm. Also, the effects of the adhesive types were evaluated. The results are as follows: In the static tensile shear tests, when the steel sheets deformed during the tensile test, the tensile shear strength increased with the increase in the base metal properties, such as the yield strength and thickness; however, when the base metal properties were sufficiently high not to undergo plastic deformation, the tensile shear strength exhibited a constant value. On the other hand, the effect of base metal properties on the fatigue joint strength was relatively small. The static joint strength of the GA steel joints was slightly lower than that of the uncoated steel sheets; however, the fatigue strength of the GA steel joints was higher than that of the uncoated steel sheets. The coating failure of the GA was affected by the type of adhesive, base metal properties and type of test. Choosing the proper adhesive can reduce the failure of the GA coating, and the high strength steel showed fewer coating failures than the mild steel.     

3003铝合金中温钎焊接头力学性能与显微组织

采用不同Al元素含量的中温Zn-Al钎料钎焊3003铝合金,研究了钎焊接头的力学性能及显微组织.结果表明,使用改进的CsF-AlF3钎剂,Zn-Al钎料在3003铝合金上具有良好的铺展性能.随着Al元素含量的增加,钎料在3003铝合金上的铺展性能明显改善,当Al元素含量为15%(质量分数)时铺展面积达到最大.且钎焊接头...     

为较高强度的结构钢选择焊接材料须考虑的两个因素

研究了焊缝金属相对宽度和焊缝金属强度对接头性能的影响。结果表明：随低强焊缝金属相对宽度变小,接头抗拉强度增大;焊缝金属相对宽度不大时,焊缝与母材实际等强的接头具有最优抗脆断性能,按实际等强原则选择焊接材料可提高焊接结构的可靠性,焊缝低强组配较超强组配合理。焊缝过分超强或过分低强均使接头抗脆断性能恶化。     

环焊接头强度对高应变海洋管道轴向承载能力的影响

基于应变设计的油气输送管道,环焊接头的强度对管道轴向变形能力起着至关重要的作用。以OD559×31.8 mm L485高应变海洋管道环缝为研究对象,采用有限元方法和数字图像相关法(DIC)拉伸试验及宽板拉伸试验,研究了GMAW环焊接头不同区域的强度变化对管道轴向承载能力的影响。结果表明,随焊缝金属强度的升高,管道轴向极限载荷和轴向平均应变增大,失效位置由焊缝向热影响区和母材转移;根焊金属占比小,热影响区很窄,高强匹配时根焊金属和热影响区强度对管道轴向极限载荷和轴向平均应变影响较小;在轴向载荷下,低强匹配环焊接头的母材、热影响区和焊缝的轴向应力和轴向应变分布极不均匀。受母材的拘束作用和焊缝金属自身的形变强化,低强匹配焊接接头的抗拉强度高于全焊缝金属,但变形和屈服主要集中在焊缝区域,容易导致管道环焊缝断裂失效。     

热处理对TC17(α+β)/TC17(β)线性摩擦焊接头组织及力学性能的影响

针对热处理前后TC17(α+β)/TC17(β)钛合金线性摩擦焊接头组织和性能进行了对比分析. 结果表明,焊态时焊缝区组织发生动态回复和再结晶,两侧的热力影响区组织均被不同程度地拉长,热处理后焊缝中的亚稳相分解析出弥散的α和β相,TC17(α+β)侧热力影响区的初生α相有所长大. 焊态接头焊缝区显微硬度比母材低,接头的抗拉强度和屈服强度略低于母材,分别达到母材的91.9%,96.2%,接头拉伸性能试件断裂位置均在焊缝区;经过热处理,母材显微硬度未发生明显变化,焊缝区显微硬度显著提高,接头抗拉强度和屈服强度达到与母材相当,与焊态相比分别提高11.9%,8.2%,接头拉伸性能试件断于母材区.     

3003铝合金ZnAl钎料的火焰钎焊(英文)

采用Al含量为2%~22%(质量分数)的ZnAl钎料,配合改进型CsF-AlF3钎剂,研究ZnAl钎料在3003铝合金板材上的铺展性能及钎焊接头的力学性能与显微组织。结果表明,当Al含量低于8%时,3003铝合金的火焰钎焊接头成形良好,且抗拉强度较高。钎缝显微组织为Al基固溶体及Zn基固溶体。由于固溶强化作用,钎缝的显微硬度比母材的高。钎缝界面由三部分组成,母材、扩散区和界面区,但影响接头强度的主要因素为钎缝内固溶体的分布情况,而不是扩散区的宽度。     

一种针对低匹配焊接接头的"等承载"设计方法

为提高高强钢低匹配接头承载能力,提出了低匹配接头与母材具有相等的静载承载能力和疲劳抗力的"等承载能力"(ELCC)概念.从安全性角度出发,焊接结构必须同时具有足够的强度和应力松弛能力,而强度失配接头的断裂模式类型能够同时反映接头的强度、塑性变形能力以及焊缝与母材之间塑性变形的非均匀程度.母材先于焊缝发生塑性变形的全面屈...     

Study on gas metal arc welding procedure of stainless steel

Summary

This paper describes an investigation of the creep rupture properties of welded joints produced from W-containing 9Cr-Mo-W steel. The creep rupture properties of the HAZ are also studied using simulated HAZ specimens subjected to PWHT (post-weld heat treatment). The effect of W on the creep rupture strength of the welded joints is examined.

Creep rupture tests of GTA (TIG) welded joints are conducted. The longest creep rupture time is around 20 000 hours. In the creep rupture tests, the welded joints rupture in the base metal at higher applied stresses, rupturing in the low-ductility fine-grained HAZ adjacent to the base metal at lower applied stresses.

When the welded joints rupture in the base metal, their creep rupture strength is as high as that of the base metal. When the welded joints rupture in the HAZ, however, their creep rupture strength is lower than that of the base metal. The cracking which occurs in the HAZ is TYPE IV cracking which tends to affect the welded joints of ferritic heat-resistant steel. TYPE IV cracking is the type which occurs in the fine-grained HAZ at a lower stress than the creep rupture strength of the base metal without being associated with any heavy deformation.

In the creep rupture tests, the simulated HAZ specimens heated to a temperature around Ac1 and Ac3 give a lower creep rupture strength than that of the base metal. The simulated HAZ specimens heated to the Ac3 temperature give the lowest creep rupture strength.

A comparison of the creep rupture strengths of welded joints produced from 9Cr-Mo-W steel and 9Cr-1 Mo-Nb-V (mod. 9Cr-Mo) steel suggests that W improves the creep rupture strength of both welded joints and base metal.     

异种铝合金摩擦塞补焊工艺与组织性能

采用顶锻式摩擦塞补焊方法,以2219-T6铝合金为塞棒材料,分别对8 mm厚2024-T3和7075-T6两种铝合金FSW接头进行了摩擦塞补焊试验研究,深入探讨了不同焊接压力下塞补焊接头的微观组织、显微硬度、力学性能及断口形貌特征. 结果表明,塞棒和母材或FSW焊缝是由等轴晶进行过渡,获得了紧密结合的接头,热力影响区和热影响区晶粒发生长大. 整个塞补焊接头塞棒区软化最严重,硬度在85 ~ 95 HV之间. 2024铝合金塞补焊接头抗拉强度和断后伸长率分别达到了母材的70%和65%以上,7075铝合金塞补焊接头抗拉强度和断后伸长率分别达到了母材的62%和48%以上. 塞补焊接头断裂模式为韧性特征.     

大厚度TC21钛合金电子束焊接试验

对56mm厚TC21钛合金进行了电子束对接试验,对接头显微组织和力学性能进行了研究.结果表明,接头焊缝区组织形态以柱状β晶粒为基体,针状的马氏体弥散其中;热影响区从焊缝到母材分为三个区域,依次为等轴再结晶β晶粒区、片状和针状а相形成的魏氏组织区以及片状α相聚集长大的区域;熔合区内柱状晶与等轴晶联生.接头强度达到母材水平,断裂发生在母材内,接头厚度方向性能一致.接头塑性损失较大,只达到母材的50%左右.接头焊缝区硬度最高,其次是热影响区的等轴晶区和魏氏组织区,而热影响区内片状α相聚集长大的区域硬度值最低.

Abstract：

Electron beam welding of TC21 56 mm titanium alloy was carried out. The microstructure and the mechanical properties of welded joints were analyzed and tested. The results showed that the weld zone consisted of the columnar β gains, and in which the transgranular acicular α' martensite were dispersedly distributed. HAZ can be divided into three parts from base metal to weld zone, which are the equiaxed recrystallized β grain zone, Widmanstaten structure zone formed by lamellar and aeicular α phases and lamellar a phase coarsening zone. Fusion zone consists of the adnate columnar and equiaxed grains. Tensile strength of joints reaches to that of base metal and the failure appears in the base metal. The mechanical properties are uniform along the vertical direction. Plasticity in the welded joint is greatly decreased and only up to 50% of that of the base metal. The microhardness in weld zone is the highest, and that of the equiaxed grain zone and Widmanstaten structure zone in HAZ is higher, and the microhardness in columnar a phase coarsening zone is the lowest.     

高温钛合金Ti55/Ti60真空电子束焊接

对 Ti55 与 Ti60 合金薄板进行了电子束焊接,研究了电子束焊接工艺参数对接头组织及力学性能的影响.结果表明,焊缝区形成大量针片状的α' 马氏体,焊缝中心为粗大的柱状晶.焊接工艺参数对焊缝组织和接头抗拉强度有一定影响,接头室温抗拉强度高于母材,600℃时接头抗拉强度与 Ti60 母材相当,抗弯强度达到母材的 80% 左右,冲击韧度能够达到母材的 90% 以上,断裂发生在热影响区处,为韧性断裂.

Abstract：

Ti55 and Ti60 titanium alloy sheets were welded by electron beam, and the influences of parameters on microstmcture and mechanical properties of welding joints were studied. The results show that weld zone is characterized by acicular α' martensite plate,and weld center is formed by coarse columnar crystals. Welding parameters can affect microstructure and tensile strength to a certain extent. At room temperature, the tensile strength of joint is higher than that of base metal. At a higher temperature of 600 ℃, tensile strength of joint is about equal to that of Ti60, and bending strength can be up to 80% of that of base metal, even impact toughness also can be larger than 90% of base metal. Failure occurs in heat-affected zone, and the fracture mode shows toughness characteristic.     

激光焊接热输入对Ti2AlNb合金组织性能的影响

研究激光焊接热输入对Ti-22Al-27Nb(at%)合金焊缝成形和力学性能的影响,利用OM、SEM、XRD和TEM等手段对焊接接头的显微组织特征进行了分析,并探讨了焊后热处理对焊接接头组织性能的影响。结果表明,连续激光焊接可以获得无缺陷、成形良好的焊接接头。焊缝区域组织主要为柱状的B2相,柱状晶的生长方向垂直于熔合线。焊缝和热影响区的显微硬度要高于母材,焊缝的平均显微硬度最高。随着热输入的增加,焊接接头的室温抗拉强度增加,但是焊接接头的延伸率较低。焊接接头650℃高温强度为母材的71%~75%,塑性则仅为母材塑性的40%左右。经过焊后热处理,焊缝由B2+O相组成。O相增多使得焊缝的室温强度略有提高,且提高了650℃高温拉伸性能,高温抗拉强度最高可达母材的87.5%。     

活性剂对激光-电弧复合焊接的影响

提出了激光-电弧复合活性焊接法,以提高小功率激光-电弧复合焊接的熔深.在待焊不锈钢表面涂覆一层活性剂,然后进行激光-电弧复合焊接.研究了工艺参数对焊缝成形性的影响,并对焊接接头的组织性能进行了分析.结果表明,涂覆活性剂后可以使复合焊接的熔深增加,并且可以细化复合焊焊缝组织.复合焊接头与复合活性焊接头的显微硬度变化规律一致.复合活性焊接头的抗拉强度较高,达到母材抗拉强度的92%.复合活性焊接头的腐蚀速率低于复合焊接头的腐蚀速率,具有良好的耐蚀性能.     

镁锂合金搅拌摩擦焊接工艺特性分析

针对退火态的MBLS10-200镁锂合金,分析了搅拌工具、焊接工艺参数对焊缝成形、接头组织特征及力学性能的影响,并对接头的塑性损失机理及提升技术进行分析.结果表明,在焊缝成形良好的工艺参数范围内（转速800~1 600 r/min、焊接速度200~500 mm/min）,接头大多断在母材,强度与母材相当,而断后伸长率则有显著的降低,仅为母材的8%~57%.焊核及热力影响区与母材性能的差异使接头在受拉时产生各区域变形不协调是导致断后伸长率下降的根本原因.采用退火处理可以在接头强度不下降的同时,有效提升接头断后伸长率,可达到母材的96%.     

热输入对超高强钢DP1000激光焊接接头微观组织和断裂机制的影响

利用光学显微镜（OM）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察超高强双相钢DP1000激光焊接接头微观组织的变化,通过显微硬度的测试、拉伸试验研究其不同热输入下焊接接头的力学性能.结果表明,随着热输入的增加,由回火区和两相区组成的软化区的组织发生了明显的变化,软化区内平均硬度值减小,其宽度尺寸增加,导致拉伸试样的断裂位置发生变化.当热输入不高于52 J/mm,焊接试样的抗拉强度是母材的97.75%,软化区宽度最大约为506 μm,断裂发生在母材上;当热输入达到72 J/mm,软化区宽度约为621 μm,断裂发生在软化区内.     

超声电弧对6061铝合金MIG焊接头组织和性能的影响

为了改善铝合金MIG焊的接头质量,利用外接超声激励装置在MIG焊接电弧中激发出超声,并研究了超声激励频率对6061铝合金对接焊缝的成形、气孔分布、显微组织及力学性能的影响规律. 结果表明,超声电弧可以有效的细化焊缝组织、减少焊缝气孔量,提升接头的强度. 与常规MIG焊接相比,在引入超声电弧后,焊缝的熔宽增加,焊缝中胞状树枝晶组织被细化,等轴晶区域占比增加,在激励频率为30 kHz时组织细化效果最好;随着激励频率的增加,焊缝中的气孔量逐渐降低,焊接接头的抗拉强度提高,当激励频率为50 kHz时,抗拉强度最高,达到235 MPa,为母材强度的73.4%,对应拉伸断口中韧窝的形态更加等轴化、分布更加均匀.     

22MnB5超高强钢焊接组织与性能

采用钨极氩弧焊方法,实现了22MnB5超高强钢淬火前后同种材料之间的连接,进行了焊接接头拉伸试验和热影响区内显微组织及硬度分布试验,并对焊接前后材料的抗腐蚀性能进行了试验分析.结果表明,淬火处理后22MnB5组织结构从铁素体+珠光体组织转变为马氏体组织,显微硬度与抗拉强度大幅度提高,原始及淬火后材料的焊接接头具有良好的力学性能和组织形貌,焊后焊接接头抗拉强度和硬度略低于原始母材,经淬火处理后的材料焊后抗拉强度达到1179.59 MPa,略低于淬火材料但比原始母材高很多,淬火热处理材料的腐蚀速率略有上升,而焊接后将大幅度增加腐蚀速率,通过比较淬火焊缝钢腐蚀速率最大.