铝锂合金激光填丝焊接接头组织性能研究

利用激光填丝焊接方法对5A90铝锂合金薄板焊接头的组织性能进行了研究。结果表明:激光填丝焊接头的主要组织特征为细晶层和焊缝区大范围等轴晶,与激光焊接头类似,而不同之处表现为激光填丝焊接头的显微组织相对细化,柱状晶区范围相对减小。激光填丝焊缝区硬度HV0.2(925.7MPa)略低于激光焊缝区硬度(956.5MPa),但前者硬度分布更加均匀。激光填丝焊接头的抗拉强度稍低于激光焊接头,分别达母材的79.22%和73.03%,但其断后延伸率却显著高于后者,分别达母材的38.65%和20.38%。综上所述,5A90铝锂合金激光填丝焊接头的组织性能略优于激光焊接头,若使激光填丝焊接头的综合力学性能达到使用要求,不仅需要焊后热处理强化,还需要与母材匹配性更好的焊丝。     

不同激光焊方法对5A06铝合金中厚板组织及性能的影响

采用单激光焊和激光填丝焊研究了6 mm厚5A06铝合金中厚板的焊接性,分析了焊缝的形貌、力学性能和显微组织。结果表明：2种激光焊方法的焊缝形貌存在一定差异,激光填丝焊的焊缝鱼鳞纹更加均匀,单激光焊时的飞溅较多,焊缝熔宽更小且有咬边的现象;焊接接头的抗拉强度和显微硬度均低于母材的抗拉强度和显微硬度,激光填丝焊的抗拉强度能达到母材的80%以上,且其抗拉强度、伸长率和显微硬度均值均优于单激光焊的;焊缝区组织、熔合区和热影响区组织均分别为等轴枝晶、柱状晶和纤维状组织,熔合区与热影响区的界限明显,激光填丝焊焊缝区的等轴枝晶晶粒更细,熔合区的柱状晶数量占比更小。     

激光填丝焊接超薄不锈钢工艺研究

对0.2 mm厚的1Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢薄板脉冲激光填丝焊相关的工艺参数对焊缝成形质量的影响进行了研究,分析了焊接接头的组织和力学性能,比较了填丝与非填丝两种情况下获得的焊缝成形质量。结果表明:激光填丝焊相对于非填丝焊有更好的焊缝成形质量;抗拉强度较非填丝焊接接头强度提高了3%,可达到母材抗拉强度的99%;在最佳焊接工艺参数下激光填丝焊接接头的显微组织是由焊缝中心区的等轴晶区和焊缝边缘细小的柱状晶区组成;采用激光填丝焊接超薄不锈钢可为解决非填丝焊焊接接头的凹陷问题提供参考。     

薄板铝合金激光填丝焊组织性能分析

实现了薄板5A06铝合金的激光填丝焊.并采用扫描电镜和能谱分析仪对比分析了激光填丝焊和非填丝焊接头的显微组织及其成分分布,对比分析了这两种接头显微硬度和拉伸性能.结果表明,薄板5A06铝合金的激光填丝焊焊缝的成分主要取决于焊丝成分,由于激光焊冷却速度快,焊缝的成分和组织均匀性均较激光焊未填丝的低.其激光填丝焊接头的抗拉强度和断后伸长率均高于激光焊的接头,可以达到与母材等强,焊缝硬度低于激光焊焊缝.     

镁合金激光、激光填丝及激光——电弧复合焊接接头对比分析

系统对比了镁合金单纯激光、激光填丝和激光-电弧复合焊接接头的微观组织及力学性能.试验结果表明,激光焊缝表面有明显的咬边及凹坑缺陷出现;激光填丝及复合焊缝成形良好、均匀规整.在激光功率和焊接速度相同的情况下,激光填丝焊接头的凝固组织最细小,半熔化区最窄;激光-电弧复合焊接头的凝固组织最粗大,半熔化区最宽.拉伸性能测试表明,激光填丝焊接头抗拉强度和伸长率最高,且抗拉强度优于母材;复合焊和单纯激光焊接头的抗拉强度为母材的95％左右.此外,所有接头均表现为韧-脆混合断裂模式.     

5A90铝锂合金激光填丝焊焊缝金属组织特征分析

采用激光填丝焊进行了5A90铝锂合金薄板的焊接试验,对填丝焊及激光焊接头的表面形貌、横断面、显微组织和硬度进行了研究.并通过透射电镜(TEM)分析了焊缝的析出相.结果表明,激光填丝焊可以改善激光焊焊缝表面的凹陷,有效改善焊缝成形;填丝焊与激光焊焊缝的显微组织差别不大,主要的析出相为δ'相(Li3Al),析出相种类一致,仅尺寸和数量不同;填丝焊与激光焊的接头硬度低于母材,但填丝焊的平均硬度值高于激光焊.     

半导体激光焊接85Cr17与0Cr18Ni9不锈钢的组织与性能

采用半导体激光作为焊接热源,对高碳马氏体不锈钢85Cr17和奥氏体不锈钢0Cr18Ni9进行对接焊试验,分析了焊接接头的显微组织并测试了显微硬度和拉伸强度.结果表明:采用半导体激光焊接工艺可实现85Cr17和0Cr18Ni9的对接焊,获得连续、平整的焊缝;焊缝中心区域主要为等轴晶,近中心区为柱状晶与树枝晶的混合组织.靠近基体侧的焊缝边缘区为柱状晶组织;焊缝区的平均硬度高于两种基材;拉伸试样均断在85Cr17侧热影响区,未焊透时,焊接接头抗拉强度达到0Cr18Ni9母材的88%,焊透时,抗拉强度达到0Cr18Ni9母材的95%以上.     

AZ31镁合金CO2激光填丝焊工艺

采用CO2激光焊接试验系统,对AZ31镁合金的激光填丝焊工艺进行了研究.试验中采用AZ31焊丝作为填充金属,对各种焊接工艺参数的影响进行了较系统地研究,并获得了较好的工艺参数选择范围.焊后对典型的焊接接头的性能进行了研究,结果表明,在适当的填丝速率下,填丝焊工艺形成的焊缝成形更加美观,克服了不填丝焊接情况下焊缝的严重下塌问题.微观组织分析表明,焊接接头区域主要由细小的枝状晶组成,晶粒明显细化.焊接接头的显微硬度和抗拉强度都接近母材,说明获得的焊缝具有较好的力学性能.表明了CO2激光填丝焊工艺是实现AZ31镁合金焊接的有效方法.     

电力设备用铝合金激光填丝焊接工艺研究

对电力设备用铝合金为研究对象,采用ER5356铝合金焊丝进行激光焊接试验,研究激光填丝焊接工艺参数对焊接成形、焊缝质量的影响。结果表明:本研究中铝合金的激光焊接阈值功率为2.5 kW,随着焊接速度增大,焊缝区下塌量和下陷量逐步减少;在靠近母材侧的热影响区为向母材方向生长的柱状晶组织,呈明显的晶粒长大现象;填丝焊接头的最大抗拉强度为210.5 N/mm~2,达到母材强度的60.4%,焊缝中心硬度低于母材的。     

130mm铝合金扫描激光填丝焊接头微区组织和性能

针对船用130 mm 5A06铝合金厚壁结构件的扫描激光填丝焊接头,对其焊缝（weld metal,WM）、热影响区（heat affected zone,HAZ）及母材（base metal,BM）的显微组织进行研究,并通过维氏硬度和微型剪切试验研究了接头各区力学性能差异.结果表明,5A06铝合金单激光焊缝以等轴晶为主,填丝焊焊缝以柱状晶为主,HAZ和BM晶粒比WM粗,母材及热影响区为轧制的纤维状组织;由于焊接热循环作用,接头热影响区硬度略高于母材,抗剪强度二者差别不大,单激光焊缝硬度和抗剪强度略高于填丝层.总体而言,焊缝区强度低塑性好,母材及热影响区强度高塑性低.     

Characteristics of Joint Welded by Laser Welding of Aluminium-Lithium Alloy with Filler Wire

The characteristics of weld shape,microstructure,mechanical properties and defects of 5A90 Al-Li alloy joint by laser welding (LBW) and laser welding with filler wire (LWFW) were studied and analyzed.The results indicated that the microstructure of joint by LWFW was fine-grained layer and the equiaxed grain in most of seams,which were similar to the joint by LBW.Compared with the joint by LBW,the microstructure of joint by LWFW tended to fine,and the range of the columnar crystals zone was prone to decrease.The Microhardness of the joint by LWFW (92.57HV0.2) was lower than that by LBW (95.65HV0.2),but the uniformity was better.The ultimate tensile strength of the joint by LWFW was lower than that by LBW slightly,which reached to 73.03% and 79.22% of the base metal respectively.However,the elongation of the LWFW joint was higher than that of the LBW joint significantly,which reached to 38.65% and 20.38% of the base metal respectively.The microstructure and mechanical properties of 5A90 Al-Li alloy by LWFW were better than that by LBW.The defects of joint were mainly forming defects which were caused by improper parameters and porosity inside the joint,which was caused by uncleaned surface and incomplete penetration.     

1420铝锂合金双光点激光焊接头组织性能

在2mm厚1420铝锂合金双光点激光焊接试验的基础上,研究接头的组织与性能。对比分析单、双光点激光焊接头各区域的组织、显微硬度及室温拉伸力学性能,并观察断口形貌。结果表明:1420铝锂合金双光点激光焊接头组织与单光点激光焊接头组织分布类似,从熔合区至焊缝中心依次是等轴细晶、柱状晶和等轴树枝晶,但较单光点接头细化;双光点激光焊接头各区域硬度低于母材,但高于单光点激光焊接头;双光点激光焊接头焊态抗拉强度较母材下降,但略高于单激光焊接头,可达母材的86%。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of the joint of 6061 aluminum alloy by plasma-MIG hybrid welding

Plasma-MIG (metal inert gas arc welding) hybrid welding of 6061 aluminum alloy with 6 mm thickness using ER5356 welding wire was carried out.The microstructures and mechanical properties of the welded joint were investigated by optical microscopy,X-ray diffraction (XRD),energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS),tensile test,hardness test and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to judge the type of tensile fracture.The results showed that the tensile strength of welded joint was 142 MPa which was 53.6％ of the strength of the base metal.The welding seam zone was characterized by dendritic structure.In the fusion zone,the columnar grains existed at one side of the welding seam.The fibrous organization was found in the base metal,and also in the heat affected zone (HAZ) where the recrystallization occurred.The HAZ was the weakest position of the welded joint due to the coarsening of Mg2Si phase.The type of tensile fracture was ductile fracture.     

5A90铝锂合金T形接头激光填丝焊接头组织性能分析

对2.5 mm厚5A90铝锂合金T形接头激光焊和激光填丝焊接头组织与性能进行了研究.结果表明,与不填丝相比,焊接过程中填充焊丝有效减少角焊缝咬边、下塌等缺陷,明显改善焊缝表面成形,同时增大了接头熔化区面积,提高了激光的吸收率;填丝还使得T形接头两侧角焊缝组织大小趋于相同,但组织相对粗大;接头抗拉强度接近提高20%,拉伸断口呈韧性断裂.     

激光焊接热输入对Ti2AlNb合金组织性能的影响

研究激光焊接热输入对Ti-22Al-27Nb(at%)合金焊缝成形和力学性能的影响,利用OM、SEM、XRD和TEM等手段对焊接接头的显微组织特征进行了分析,并探讨了焊后热处理对焊接接头组织性能的影响。结果表明,连续激光焊接可以获得无缺陷、成形良好的焊接接头。焊缝区域组织主要为柱状的B2相,柱状晶的生长方向垂直于熔合线。焊缝和热影响区的显微硬度要高于母材,焊缝的平均显微硬度最高。随着热输入的增加,焊接接头的室温抗拉强度增加,但是焊接接头的延伸率较低。焊接接头650℃高温强度为母材的71%~75%,塑性则仅为母材塑性的40%左右。经过焊后热处理,焊缝由B2+O相组成。O相增多使得焊缝的室温强度略有提高,且提高了650℃高温拉伸性能,高温抗拉强度最高可达母材的87.5%。     

Characteristics of 5A90 Aluminum-lithium Alloy by YAG-MIG Hybrid Welding

The characteristics of 5A90 Aluminum-Lithium alloy by YAG laser and MIG arc hybrid welding (Hybrid welding) were studied.Compared with the laser beam welding (LBW),the hybrid welding could not only improve the weld appearance significantly,but also have better engineering compatibility.The obvious microstructure characteristics of joint by the hybrid welding are fine-grained layer near fusion-line and the equiaxed grain in most area of welded seam.The subgrains of the equiaxed grains,located in the weld center,tend to coarse from bottom to top of weld joint.The microhardness of welded seam by the hybrid welding (83.57HV0.2) is lower than that by LBW (95.65HV0.2),but the uniformity of the former is better than that of the latter.The ultimate strength and the elongations after fracture of the joint by the hybrid welding are lower than that by LBW.The tensile fracture always occurs in HAZ or weld centerline,and the fractography presents mixture rupture.Therefore,if the combined mechanical properties of joint by the hybrid welding meet the operation requirements,it should be improved by reasonable artificial aging or heat treatment after welding,and it also should develop a better filler wire matched with the base metal.     

Joint performance of CO2 laser beam welding 5083,H321 aluminum alloy

Laser beam welding of aluminum alloys is expected to offer good mechanical properties of welded joints. In this experimental work reported, CO2 laser beam autogenoas welding and wire feed welding are conducted on 4 mm thick 5083- H321 aluminum alloy sheets at different welding variables. The mechanical properties and microstructure characteristics of the welds are evaluated through tensile tests, micro-hardness tests, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. Experimental results indicate that both the tensile strength and hardness of laser beam welds are affected by the constitution of filler material, except the yield strength. The soften region of laser beam welds is not in the heat-affected zone （ HAZ ）. The tensile fracture of laser beam welded specimens takes place in the weld zone and close to the weld boundary because of different filler materials. Some pores are found on the fracture face, including hydrogen porosities and blow holes, but these pores have no influence on the tensile strength of laser beam welds. Tensile strength values of laser beam welds with filler wire are up to 345.57 MPa, 93% of base material values, and yield strengths of laser beam welds are equivalent to those of base metal （264. 50 MPa）.     

电站锅炉用HR3C新型奥氏体耐热钢的激光焊接

超(超)临界电站锅炉用新型铁素体、奥氏体耐热钢对传统焊接技术提出了挑战.激光焊接技术作为一种可靠高效的先进焊接方法,为此类钢的焊接提供了经济可行的解决办法.采用窄间隙激光填丝焊接技术,研究了10 mm厚HR3C新型奥氏体耐热钢管的激光焊接性,并对接头显微组织及高温持久强度进行了分析.试验采用3 500 W Slab CO2激光器,填充焊丝为T-HR3C.结果表明,通过优化激光焊接工艺参数,可以获得X射线探伤和渗透检验合格的焊接接头;焊缝具有明显的沿中心对称形态,以细小的柱状晶为主,混夹着少量细小的等轴晶;热影响区晶粒没有明显长大,焊缝与母材的显微硬度相当,没有明显的软化区;焊态下的激光焊接接头高温持久强度较固溶处理的热丝TIG焊接头有明显提高.     

Effect of filler wire on the joint properties of AZ31 magnesium alloys using CO2 laser welding

Laser welding with filler wire of AZ31 magnesium alloys is investigated using a CO2 laser experimental system. The effect of three different filler wires on the joint properties is researched. The results show that the weld appearance can be effectively improved when using laser welding with filler wire. The microhardness and tensile strength of joints are almost the same us those of the base metal when ER AZ31 or ER AZ61 wire is adopted. However, when the filler wire of ER 5356 aluminum alloy is used, the mechanical properties of flints become worse. For ER AZ31 and ER AZ61 filler wires, the microstructure of weld zone slws small dendrite grains. In comparison, for ER 5356 filler wire, the weld shows a structure of snowy dendrites and many intermetallic compounds and eutectic phases distribute in the dendrites. These intermetallic constituents with low melting point increase the tendency of hot crack and result in fiagile joint properties. Therefore, ER AZ31 and ER AZ61 wire are more suitable filler material than ER 5356 for CO2 laser welding of AZ31 magnesium alloys.