激光辅助搅拌摩擦焊

激光辅助搅拌摩擦焊(LAFSW)是一种新型的搅拌摩擦焊技术。原搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)的焊接热量由工件和搅拌头之间摩擦产生,该过程需要相对较大的动力,因此,便用搅拌摩擦焊技术的设备都是体积庞大,价格昂贵的。而LAFSW在搅拌头搅拌时利用激光能量加热工件,且激光可加热无传导性的材料如塑料、陶瓷等,因而,LAFSW可获得较低的搅拌头磨损、较高的焊接速度、较广的应用范围,采用LAFSW技术的设备体积小、价格低。激光辅助搅拌摩擦焊     

超声辅助搅拌摩擦焊流场分析

超声辅助搅拌摩擦焊是在搅拌摩擦焊过程中增加超声振动,利用超声波效应改善焊缝组织性能的一种新型金属固态焊接技术。本文基于计算流体力学和弹塑性力学理论,建立了1.8 mm厚2024铝合金超声辅助搅拌摩擦焊流场分析模型。对流场分析发现,超声波的导入能够提高材料塑性流动,同时也扩大塑性流动区域;而焊速的提高,导致前进侧将成为焊缝的薄弱环节。     

搅拌摩擦焊热源数值模型

针对搅拌摩擦焊特点,基于粘着摩擦原理,在综合分析前进边和返回边不同位置摩擦功率的基础上,建立了搅拌摩擦焊热源数值模型.温度场试验与模拟结果表明,该模型能综合反映前进边与返回边热循环曲线的差异及其原因,具有较高的计算精度.     

铝合金搅拌摩擦焊热源模型建模专家系统

在铝合金搅拌摩擦焊三维体积热源模型建模过程中,轴肩、搅拌针侧面以及搅拌针底面摩擦产热的热流密度加载范围存在不确定性,需校核确定,增加了建模难度与工作量.针对该问题,建立三维搅拌摩擦焊热源模型,并确定其不确定热源模型参数,研究了这些参数变化对模拟焊缝温度的影响规律.在此基础上,基于参数变化影响规律建立了搅拌摩擦焊热源模型...     

厚板铝/镁合金红外热源辅助搅拌摩擦焊力学性能与组织分析

分别采用常规搅拌摩擦焊和红外热源辅助搅拌摩擦焊,进行了AZ31B-H24镁合金与6061-T6铝合金的厚板异质搅拌摩擦焊,并进行了显微组织、物相组成和力学性能的测试与分析。结果表明,红外热源辅助搅拌摩擦焊细化了接头的组织,显著改善了合金的力学性能,使抗拉强度增加25.4%,屈服强度增加20.3%,伸长率增加2.4%;采用红外热源辅助FSW获得的上述异质接头的抗拉强度达到AZ31B-H24镁合金母材的90.3%,达到6061-T6铝合金母材的85.3%。     

异种材料及复合热源搅拌摩擦焊

在对接和搭接方式中,异种材料搅拌摩擦焊相较于同种材料分别具有一些额外的焊接参数,并且对搅拌头材料也有更苛刻的使用要求。总结近年来异种材料搅拌摩擦焊的研究现状,介绍异种材料搅拌摩擦焊过程中脆性金属间化合物的生成及其对焊接接头的力学性能产生的影响。从金属流动机理和数值模拟方面,研究金属间化合物的生成和成长规律,给出针对金属间化合物可能的解决方法。针对高熔点焊材,介绍复合热源搅拌摩擦焊技术、常用的辅助热源以及复合热源搅拌摩擦焊在异种材料搅拌摩擦焊方面的优点和研究的不足之处。     

高速列车铝合金车身双热源搅拌摩擦焊仿真

高速列车采用超长铝合金型材作为车身新材料。搅拌摩擦焊以固相连接原理成为高铁车身制造新工艺。针对单热源模型不足,考虑搅拌轴肩转动摩擦生热和搅拌头塑变剪切生热,建立搅拌摩擦焊双热源有限元模型。基于传统熔焊方式,实现满足搅拌焊特征的双面挤压型材接头变形设计。通过ANSYS二次开发,完成该工艺移动瞬态热交换数值仿真,获得焊接全程三维温度场分布,仿真结果与试验数据吻合良好。结果表明,该仿真模型可行．仿真结果合理,为高铁车身国产化制造工艺吸收和工艺优化提供参考。     

2219-T6激光同轴辅助搅拌摩擦焊性能与组织分析

对2219-T6铝合金激光同轴辅助搅拌摩擦焊接头的宏观形貌、力学性能及显微组织进行了研究.结果表明,激光辅助热源的加入有助于消除金属塑性流动不充分引起的隧道缺陷,提升接头性能,但激光功率过大会加剧焊缝软化而使性能下降.激光辅助热源使焊核区扩大,且焊核区中θ相（Al₂Cu）增大,但对热力影响区的显微组织无明显影响.通过固溶+人工时效方法的焊后热处理以显著提升接头强度（从母材强度的76%提升100%）.加入激光的焊核区及热力影响区在热处理后晶粒尺寸相比不加入激光有所减小,且激光功率越大,对应的晶粒尺寸越小.     

热量自适应搅拌摩擦焊热源模型

当前采用的温度场热源数值模型在准确表征焊接过程材料性能和产热机制与温度变化关系上存在困难.依据摩擦学原理,以材料屈服强度ReL为产热基本参数建立新型热源模型,产热量随温度、材料性能改变,实现搅拌摩擦焊产热自适应过程,更准确地描述了搅拌摩擦焊过程物理现象的本质.温度场试验与模拟结果的比较表明,该热量自适应热源模型具有较高的计算精度.     

搅拌摩擦焊工艺及其应用

搅拌摩擦焊（Ｆｒｉｃｔｉｏｎ Ｓｔｉｒ Ｗｅｌｄｉｎｇ简称ＦＳＷ）是英国焊接研究所９０年代初发明的一种用于低熔点合金板材焊接的固态连接方法,用该方法可以焊接通常熔焊方法难于焊接的铝合金、钛合金等材料,不会在接头内形成气孔、裂纹、变形等缺陷。介绍了搅拌摩擦焊的基本原理、工艺特点、研究现状及其可以的应用领域,指出了其在我国的前景。     

Modeling friction stir welding process of aluminum alloys

The friction stir welding (FSW) process of aluminum alloys has been modeled using a two-dimensional Eulerian formulation. Velocity field and temperature distribution are strongly coupled and solved together using a standard finite element scheme. A scalar state variable for hardening is also integrated using a streamline integration method along streamlines. A viscoplastic constitutive equation to consider plastic flow and strength variations was implemented for the process modeling. Precipitates inside AA6061 alloys are sensitive to elevated temperatures and affect strength evolution with temperature. The overall effects of the precipitate variations with temperature on strength were reflected using temperature-dependent material parameters. The material parameters of constitutive equations were obtained from isothermal compression tests of various temperatures and strain rates. The effects of FSW process conditions on heating and hardening were investigated mainly near the tool pin. The microhardness distribution of the weld zone was compared with the prediction of strength. In addition, crystallographic texture evolutions were also predicted and compared with the experimental results.     

2519铝合金角接结构的搅拌摩擦焊

利用自行研制的搅拌摩擦焊机采用一种搅拌摩擦焊外侧角接的新方法对厚度为22 mm的2519铝合金进行了角接焊接试验,并对焊缝的微观组织、硬度等进行了分析.分析了搅拌针断裂原因及得出其断裂方式为剪切断裂.结果表明,搅拌摩擦焊外侧角接焊接的方法能够有效地进行角接焊接;合理的焊接工艺和搅拌针形状是焊接的关键;旋转频率在30～4...     

6061-T6铝合金微搅拌摩擦焊工艺

以0.8 mm厚6061铝合金微搅拌摩擦焊对接过程为研究对象,采用专用搅拌工具,通过温度场模拟进行工艺参数预选,研究了无倾角微搅拌摩擦焊的工艺参数对接头力学性能的影响,确定了与所设计微搅拌工具相匹配的工艺参数窗口;并采用光学显微镜、SEM扫描电镜对接头的微观组织、断口的形貌进行观察. 结果表明,在焊接速度为300 mm/min、转速14 000 ~ 24 000 r/min时,可以获得力学性能优越的焊接接头,抗拉强度均可达母材的70%以上;微搅拌摩擦焊缝微观组织的热影响区与传统搅拌摩擦焊相比,仅部分晶粒发生长大,仍有部分晶粒与基体保持一致无明显变化.     

Exploring material flow in friction stir welding using stacked structure of 2024 and 6061 aluminum alloys

An experimental technique based on stacked structures was developed to observe the material flow behavior of the friction stir welding （FSW） process. Analysis of section views along different directions revealed important new details of the material flow in FSW process. In this work, a general flow model of FSW was constructed based on the analysis of different static section views of stacked structure weld. The formation of onion rings was found to be a geometric effect due to layered deposition attd the extrusion occurred at the interface between flow arm （FA） and stirring zone （SZ）.     

Comparison of 2A12 aluminium alloy joint by ultrasonic assisted friction stir welding and friction stir welding

Ultrasonic assisted friction stir welding （UAFSW） is a recent modification of conventional friction stir welding, which adds ultrasonic energy directly into the friction stir welding area by the pin. In this study, 2A12 aluminum alloy was welded by this process and conventional, respectively. The tensile tests, microstructure and fracture surface of FSW joint and UAFSW joint were analyzed. The research results show that the surface forming texture of ultrasonic assisted friction stir welding joint, compared with conventional, is finer and more uniform, showing metallic matte color. The grains are much finer in weld nugget zone, thermo-mechanically affected zone and heat-affected zone; S-phase particles size is much smaller and distribution is more homogeneous in the matrix. The tensile strength of UAFSW joint is 94. 13% of base metal, and the elongation is 11.77%. The tensile strength of FSW joint is 83.15% of base metal, and the elongation is 8.81%. The tests results reveal that ultrasonic vibration can improve the tensile strength and the elongation of welded joints.     

Themo-mechanical and microstructural modeling of friction stir welding of 6111-T4 aluminum alloys

Plastic deformation and thermal history as well as microstructure evolution of friction stir welded 6111-T4 aluminum alloys were numerically simulated. Material and heat flow during friction stir welding were calculated considering the momentum balance equation and energy balance equation under the steady state condition. Based on the calculated temperature history, the coupled nucleation, growth, and coarsening of precipitates were simulated using microstructural modeling, as proposed by Myhr et al. [7,8]. Finally, the distribution of precipitates was used to calculate the mechanical properties of the weld zone, particularly the yield stress, based on the dislocation theory. The results compared well with the measurements, suggesting that the method can be applicable to predict yield stress.     

镁铝异种合金搅拌摩擦焊综述

铝镁合金搅拌摩擦焊中峰值温度超过Al12Mg17和Al3Mg2形成的共晶温度,两种金属间化合物的形成不可避免。通过将镁合金置于前进侧、搅拌针偏向镁合金,采用液氮或水下搅拌摩擦焊,加入中间层过渡金属等方法可降低搅拌摩擦焊过程中的热输入,有效减少焊核区金属间化合物的数量。采用锥形螺纹搅拌针对接、配合直径约为3.5倍板厚的内凹型轴肩可提供适当的热输入,促进材料塑性流动,增加两种材料相互交融的程度,提高接头抗拉强度;超声辅助搅拌摩擦焊技术可破坏脆性界面层进而提高接头强度。     

镁锂合金搅拌摩擦焊接工艺特性分析

针对退火态的MBLS10-200镁锂合金,分析了搅拌工具、焊接工艺参数对焊缝成形、接头组织特征及力学性能的影响,并对接头的塑性损失机理及提升技术进行分析.结果表明,在焊缝成形良好的工艺参数范围内（转速800~1 600 r/min、焊接速度200~500 mm/min）,接头大多断在母材,强度与母材相当,而断后伸长率则有显著的降低,仅为母材的8%~57%.焊核及热力影响区与母材性能的差异使接头在受拉时产生各区域变形不协调是导致断后伸长率下降的根本原因.采用退火处理可以在接头强度不下降的同时,有效提升接头断后伸长率,可达到母材的96%.