涡轮流量计变粘度流量计算与校准方法研究

为探索涡轮流量计在变粘度工况下的流量计算和校准方法,研究中利用变温航空润滑油流量标准装置对10支涡轮流量计在多个粘度点下进行校准试验,对各粘度下流量计仪表系数进行数据分析。以涡轮流量计理论模型为基础,提出以双指数衰减函数对仪表系数进行拟合计算的方法,各流量计拟合曲线的r2值都优于0.99,且各粘度点流量测量结果误差都小于1%。研究中进一步提出通过关键点雷诺数确定流量选点的校准方法,关键点拟合结果与全数据拟合结果两者差别基本都小于±0.33%。建议对变粘度工况涡轮流量计流量计算和校准方法进行深入试验研究,进一步验证上述方法可行性。     

基于曲面拟合的圆柱齿轮流量计变温修正方法研究

为研究以变温液压油为工作介质的圆柱齿轮流量计仪表系数修正方法,利用体积管蓝油流量标准装置对圆柱齿轮流量计在多个温度点下进行了校准试验,通过二元二次函数对校准结果进行了曲面拟合计算。经拟合计算,各温度点和流量点齿轮流量计仪表系数与校准结果误差小于0.3%,证明该拟合方法简单有效。     

齿轮流量计变温变压修正方法研究

为研究液压系统内齿轮流量计在工况条件下仪表系数的变化情况,利用变温变压流量标准装置对齿轮流量计在多个温度、压力、流量点下进行了校准实验。通过解耦曲线拟合和二元曲面拟合,对校准数据进行拟合计算,拟合误差小于0.5%,证明了修正方法的有效性。     

涡轮流量计校准结果数据处理与分析

涡轮流量计是一种典型的速度式流量计,与显示仪表组合实现对流体的测量和记录,在航空液压油、润滑油流量测量中被广泛使用,本文就高粘度介质涡轮流量计校准结果如何处理以及处理结果对实际使用的影响进行分析。     

圆柱齿轮流量计变压修正方法研究

为研究液压油介质的圆柱齿轮流量计在变压工况下仪表系数修正方法,利用变压体积管流量标准装置对齿轮流量计在多个压力点下进行了校准试验,通过解耦曲线拟合和二元曲面拟合两种方法对校准结果进行了拟合计算。经两种方法拟合计算,各工况下齿轮流量计仪表系数与校准结果误差均小于0. 4%,证明两种拟合修正方法的有效性。     

基于线性回归的涡轮标准装置不确定度研究

涡轮流量计作为非定点使用天然气流量标准装置的主标准器,常采用线性内插法对其不确定度进行评定,小流量时仪表系数的显著变化会造成较大的不确定度。为了更准确地预测不同流量点下的仪表系数,本文提出了基于涡轮流量计测量原理的线性回归方法,对8台并联安装的涡轮标准装置的实流校准结果进行了线性回归处理,并进行了测量不确定度评定,结果证实基于线性回归方法的涡轮标准装置不确定度评定方法正确。     

基于变压器油标准表涡轮流量计的黏度影响分析

从变压器油的特性出发,研究了黏度及仪表系数随温度的变化,并采用静态质量法油流量标准装置对涡轮流量计作为标准表进行了检定,从而进一步研究黏度对涡轮流量计仪表系数的影响,为涡轮流量计的仪表系数修正提供了参考。     

涡轮流量计动态响应特性校准技术研究

涡轮流量计传统上只进行稳态校准，即只校准其（稳态）仪表系数，本文阐述了校准涡轮流量计动态响应特性的理论和实施方法。     

柱塞式计量缸在燃油涡轮流量计校准中的应用

研究了双柱塞计量缸的流量计校准装置,通过系统控制与计算实现计量缸计量流量与被校流量计测量流量的在线对比,以满足宽量程和高精度的校准要求.分析了该装置的结构特点和设计方法,通过仿真分析对其性能进行初步评估.研究了校准计量柱塞行程和移动速度对涡轮流量计仪表系数的影响,给出了建议的校准实验条件.结果表明,采用该校准装置可满足宽量程液体流量计校准,流量计量稳定性在0.2‰内.     

新型涡轮流量计计量性能试验研究

在一个体积管标准装置上对一种新型涡轮流量计的计量性能进行了试验研究。和传统涡轮流量计不同,该新型涡轮流量计的叶轮采用3叶片长螺旋形结构,且没有轴,轴承直接套在叶轮罩上。试验结果表明,通过叶轮结构上的改进,流量计的抗流动干扰能力明显增强,不过由于该流量计的叶轮较大,小流量时流量计仪表系数受到流体黏性阻力和轴承摩擦阻力影响要比大流量时的影响大,因此,在量程范围内依据检定规程计算得到流量计的最大示值误差为0. 2069,但重复性非常好,为0. 077%。利用分段插值方法对流量计的仪表系数进行修正后重新进行试验,试验结果表明该修正方法取得较好的效果,流量计的相对示值误差在±0. 3%内。     

Isotherms and thermodynamics for the sorption of heavy metal ions onto functionalized sporopollenin

Auto-ignition of lubricating oil working in a compressor for an air conditioner is studied experimentally. The adopted lubricating oil is an unknown mixture with multi-components and known to have flash point temperature of 170 °C. First, its auto-ignition temperature is measured 365 °C at atmospheric pressure. The lubricating oil works under high-pressure condition up to 30 atm and it is heated and cooled down repeatedly. Accordingly, auto-ignition temperatures or flammable limits of lubricating oil are required at high pressures with respect to fire safety. Because there is not a standard test method for the purpose, a new ignition-test method is proposed in this study and thereby, auto-ignition temperatures are measured over the pressure range below 30 atm. The measured temperatures range from 215 °C to 255 °C and they strongly depend on pressure of gas mixture consisting of oil vapor, nitrogen, and oxygen. They are close to flash point temperature and the lubricating oil can be hazardous when it works for high-pressure operating condition and abundant air flows into a compressor.     

滑履与导板间隙和供油流量对6000HP压裂泵润滑冷却状态影响研究

目前,仅依靠人工经验调节压裂泵滑履与导板间隙和确定润滑油供油流量,缺乏科学依据和理论指导,导致滑履和导板磨损、烧瓦时有发生,严重缩短了压裂泵使用寿命,影响压裂作业生产安全。为此,针对6000HP压裂泵,研究了润滑油作用下压裂泵滑履与导板间的摩擦生热、散热机理,推导了滑履与导板间隙和供油流量对压裂泵润滑冷却状态的影响规律,并在压裂泵试验平台上进行了验证试验。结果表明：随着滑履与导板间隙减小,润滑油温度变化愈加明显,当滑履与导板间隙小于0.2 mm时,润滑油温度会达到360 K,超过所选润滑油的许用工作温度;供油流量的增大会使润滑油温度降低,但当供油流量超过2 L/min时,供油流量对润滑油温度的影响并不显著。研究结果可为合理制定压裂泵滑履与导板间隙、润滑油供油流量提供理论依据和设计参考。     

Effect of lubricating oil on cooling heat transfer of supercritical carbon dioxide

In this research, the cooling heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop of supercritical CO₂ with PAG-type lubricating oil entrained were experimentally investigated. The inner diameter of the test tubes ranged from 1 to 6 mm. The experiments were conducted at lubricating oil concentrations from 0 to 5%, pressures from 8 to 10 MPa, mass fluxes from 200 to 1200 kg m⁻² s⁻¹, and heat fluxes from 12 to 24 kW m⁻².In comparison to the oil-free condition, when lubricating oil entrainment occurred, the heat transfer coefficient decreased and the pressure drop increased. The maximum reduction in the heat transfer coefficients—about 75%—occurred in the vicinity of the pseudocritical temperature. The influence of oil was significant for a small tube diameter and a large oil concentration. From visual observation, it was confirmed that this degradation in the heat transfer was due to the formation of an oil-rich layer along the inner wall of the test tube. However, when the oil concentration exceeded 3%, no further degradation in the heat transfer coefficient could be confirmed, which implies that the oil flowing along with CO₂ in the bulk region does not influence the heat transfer coefficient and the pressure drops significantly. For a large tube at a lower mass flux, no significant degradation in the heat transfer coefficient was observed until the oil concentration reached 1%. This is due to the transition of the flow pattern from an annular-dispersed flow to a wavy flow for a large tube, with CO₂ flowing on the upper side and the oil-rich layer on the lower side of the test section.     

背景影响下涡轮叶片温度测量及修正技术研究

在采用辐射温度计测量航空发动机涡轮叶片温度时,为了减小背景辐射对测温结果造成的影响,基于Planck定律建立包含背景辐射影响的测温方程,借助有效发射率计算得到被测目标的真实温度.通过设计背景辐射影响模拟试验,利用两个高温辐射源分别加热选定样品和模拟高温背景,采用扫描式涡轮叶片温度场测量装置对选定样品进行温度测量.结果发现,当目标设定为800℃、背景设定为1000℃时,目标在背景影响修正前后的最大温差为27.2℃,温差相对修正前温度的比例最大为3.82%,而修正后的目标温度明显更加接近无背景影响温度,从而验证了该修正计算方法的可行性和可靠性,对发动机研制过程中的温度监测工作具有重要应用价值.     

并联涡旋式压缩机油位平衡方式试验研究

对涡旋式压缩机内部结构及并联压缩机回油机制进行分析,以压降为指标对压缩机内部润滑油回路的流动进行理论研究,并针对油平衡管、吸气平衡管、系统润滑油充注量等对系统回油效果的影响进行试验研究。结果表明:当只安装油平衡管时,除1#或3#压缩机单独运转工况,其他运行工况下压缩机油池内油位均满足设定要求;添加吸气平衡管的同时降低系统润滑油充注量,大部分工况下压缩机油池内油位不满足设定要求;减小油平衡管管径能够增加润滑油在油池间迁移的流动阻力,在大部分工况下压缩机油池内油位满足设定要求。     

基于雷诺准则的测温偏差压力工况修正方法

提出了一种温度传感器测温偏差校准结果的压力工况修正方法,并以某裸露式温度传感器为例,进行了测温偏差的压力工况修正。根据雷诺准则,通过改变马赫数的方式来替代压力的改变,对测温偏差的计算修正结果进行了验证。结果表明,计算修正结果与试验数据比较接近,所提出的压力工况修正方法,可以为常压条件下该型温度传感器的测温偏差校准结果提供修正的依据,同时也为其它类型温度传感器的压力工况修正提供了参考。     

螺杆式制冷机组运行初始阶段油温控制分析及改进

对螺杆式制冷机组运行初始阶段的油温控制特点进行分析,发现开机时过低的冷冻油温度会使其溶解制冷剂的能力增强,从而使冷冻油黏度和润滑能力降低,加速螺杆式压缩机运动部件的机械磨损。而目前使用热力膨胀阀的油冷却系统会使供油温度不断大幅波动,并超出使用范围。采用带有加热器的油气分离器,并通过PLC控制器利用PID调节方式对电子膨胀阀开度进行自动调节,从而控制冷冻油温度,可使上述问题得到解决。     

Influence of oil on evaporator heat transfer (results for R 12 and Shell Clavus 68)

Experiments are described which investigated the influence of lubricating oil on the heat transfer and the refrigerant flow in refrigeration evaporators. The particular refrigerant was R 12, and the oil used was Shell Clavus 68. Efforts were made to model actual operation as closely as possible. It was found that the oil had a significant effect on the refrigerant flow and pressure drop. Measurements made on the heat transfer coefficient indicated that the oil had different effects depending on the fluid flow regime. For annular — wavy regimes, there was no apparent effect, while for annular and film flows, the presence of oil significantly reduced the heat transfer coefficient.The dependence of heat transfer coefficient on refrigerant quality was also investigated and was found to be a maximum when the quality lay between 0.6 and 0.8. This regime corresponds to fully developed annular flow.     

Influence of oil on evaporator heat transfer (results for R 12 and Shell Clavus 68)Influence de l'huile sur le transfert de chaleur dans l'évaporateur

Experiments are described which investigated the influence of lubricating oil on the heat transfer and the refrigerant flow in refrigeration evaporators. The particular refrigerant was R 12, and the oil used was Shell Clavus 68. Efforts were made to model actual operation as closely as possible. It was found that the oil had a significant effect on the refrigerant flow and pressure drop. Measurements made on the heat transfer coefficient indicated that the oil had different effects depending on the fluid flow regime. For annular — wavy regimes, there was no apparent effect, while for annular and film flows, the presence of oil significantly reduced the heat transfer coefficient.The dependence of heat transfer coefficient on refrigerant quality was also investigated and was found to be a maximum when the quality lay between 0.6 and 0.8. This regime corresponds to fully developed annular flow.     

多孔PEEK自润滑材料的制备与摩擦磨损性能

采用模压-滤取和高温真空熔渍工艺制备了多孔聚醚醚酮(PEEK)发汗式自润滑材料,并分别考察了成型压力、造孔剂含量和润滑油脂种类对PEEK多孔自润滑材料的摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明,压力为100MPa,NaCl的质量分数为30%,采用通用锂基脂时,所得多孔PEEK自润滑材料的磨损率最低,200N下磨损率为2.73×10-16m3/(N.m),与纯PEEK干摩擦相比耐磨性提高了1245倍,其耐磨性较经典的炭纤维增强PEEK复合材料还提高了32倍。研究表明,多孔结构能够储存润滑油,在摩擦过程中能通过发汗作用在对偶面上形成稳定连续的油膜而起到良好的润滑作用,从而大幅降低复合材料的摩擦系数和磨损率。