Design of an RFQ for direct plasma injection scheme

A high current radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) is being studied at the Institute of Modern Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences (IMP,CAS) for the direct plasma injection scheme (DPIS).Because of the strong space charge of beams from laser ion source,the beam dynamics design of the RFQ has been carried out with a new code,which can deal with space charge effectively.The design of the RFQ structure is performed with an electromagnetic simulation code and the determination of parameters of the structure has been done to maximize the shunt impedance when the frequency is kept fixed.The influences of dipole mode effect and flatness on beams were also discussed.     

Beam dynamics design and electromagnetic analysis of 3 MeV RFQ for TAC Proton Linac

A beam dynamics design of 352.2 MHz radio-frequency quadrupole(RFQ) of Turkish Accelerator Center(TAC) project which accelerates continuous wave(CW) proton beam with 30 m A current from 50 ke V to3 Me V kinetic energy has been performed in this study. Also, it includes error analysis of the RFQ, in which some fluctuations have been introduced to input beam parameters to see how the output beam parameters are affected, two-dimensional(2-D) and three-dimensional(3-D) electromagnetic structural design of the RFQ to obtain optimum cavity paramaters that agree with the ones of the beam dynamics. The beam dynamics and error analysis of the RFQ have been done by using LIDOS.RFQ. Electromagnetic design parameters have been obtained by using SUPERFISH for 2-D cavity geometry and CST Microwave Studio for 3-D cavity geometry.     

Design of a 200-MHz continuous-wave radio frequency quadrupole accelerator for boron neutron capture therapy

A high-intensity continuous-wave (CW) radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) accelerator is designed for boron neutron capture therapy. The transmission efficiency of...     

高流强RFQ质子加速器研制

在国家“973”计划洁净核能项目的支持下,中国科学院高能物理研究所与中国原子能科学研究院合作,建成了我国首台强流质子加速器。它是1台四翼型结构的射频四极（radio-frequencyqaudrupole,RFQ）加速器,这种先进加速结构可为来自离子源的低能强流束提供周期性强聚焦,并同时在纵向对束流进行聚束和加速。我国建成的这台RFQ加速器束流能量为3.5MeV,脉冲流强达46mA,束流工作比大于7%。本文将介绍这台RFQ加速器的物理设计、研制、调试和出束实验的结果。     

An ECR-RFQ ion beam facility for materials research with highly charged slow ions

An ion beam facility is described which can produce intense beams of very highly charged ions with variable energy in the keV and MeV regime. This facility consists of an electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECR) and a radiofrequency quadrupole accelerating structure (RFQ). It provides a relatively cheap and compact device for material research with highly charged ions at surfaces as well as for deep-lying solid layers.     

分段共振耦合RFQ场调谐方法研究

强流质子加速器需要采用分段共振耦合RFQ作为其低能加速结构,为减少束流损失,RFQ加速器必须达到所要求的场分布。针对共振耦合结构的特殊性,在RFQ传输线模型的理论基础上,在一台RFQ冷模型上进行了场调谐的实验研究,获得了满意的实验结果。同时,也验证了作者用LabView编写的RFQ场调谐程序的正确性。     

Effects of voltage errors caused by gap-voltage and automatic-frequency tuning in an alternating-phase-focused linac

A compact injector for a heavy-ion medical-accelerator complex was developed. It consists of an electron-cyclotron-resonance ion-source (ECRIS) and two linacs, which are a radio-frequency-quadrupole (RFQ) linac and an Interdigital H-mode drift-tube-linac (IH-DTL). Beam acceleration tests of the compact injector were performed, and the designed beam quality was verified by the measured results, as reported earlier. Because the method of alternating-phase-focusing (APF) was used for beam focusing of the IH-DTL, the motion of beam ions would be sensitive to gap-voltage errors, caused during tuning of the gap-voltage distribution and by automatic-frequency tuning in actual operation. To study the effects of voltage errors to beam quality, further measurements were performed during acceleration tests. In this report, the effects of voltage errors for the APF IH-DTL are discussed.     

Beam dynamics,RF measurement,and commissioning of a CW heavy ion IH-DTL

A 53.667 MHz CW(continuous-wave) heavy ion IH-DTL has been designed for the SSC-LINAC injector of HIRFL-CSR(Heavy Ions Research Facility at Lanzhou-Cooling Storage Ring). It accelerates ions with maximum mass-to-charge ratio of 7.0 from 143 to 295 ke V/u. Low-power RF measurement of the IH-DTL1 has been taken to investigate the RF performance and the quality of the electric field distribution on the beam axis.The measured Q_0 value and the shunt impedance are 10,400 and 198 MX/m, respectively. The electric field distributions on and around the beam axis were evaluated and compared with the design value. By a new approach,the dipole field component is also estimated. The beam dynamics simulation using measured field distribution was presented in this paper. Based on the dynamics analysis in both transverse and longitudinal phase space, the field distribution can meet the design requirement. Finally, the RF conditioning and very first beam commissioning on the IH-DTL1 were finished. The beam test results agree well with the simulation results; what's more, the property of the variable output beam energy about the separated functions DTL was verified.     

带有反切割器的JAERI/KEK中能束流传输线的设计(英文)

在JAERI/KEK强流质子加速器工程中,中能束流传输线对于减少束流损失起到十分重要的作用。由于现在DTL加速器要求更低的束流损失,使我们必须进一步减少切割器在瞬态期间的束流损失。为此,设计了带反切割器的中能束流传输线。这条3.5米长的传输线由9个四极透镜、3个聚束器和4个切割器与反切割器组成。它完成两个任务:把来自RFQ加速器的束流匹配注入到DTL的接受度空间内;切割产生束流间隙,以便把束流注入到直线加速器后面的快周期同步环中。由于采用切割器和反切割器,可以获得干净的束流切割,消除瞬态期间的束流损失。给出了详细的束流动力学分析。     

53.667 MHz重离子RFQ的不稳定性研究

采用多粒子跟踪程序BEAMPATH对53.667 MHz RFQ进行模拟计算,基于RFQ腔体冷测、机械测量的结果,在考虑其入口束流不稳定性、电压不平整度、高频系统稳定度、加工误差、安装误差等因素的情况下,对RFQ的出口束流品质和不稳定性进行了系统分析。结果表明,在现有的加工、安装水平下,提高RFQ入口束流稳定度和高频系统稳定度对束流在RFQ中的传输十分必要。     

Symmetric Neutralized Ion Beams for Magnetic Fusion Applications

A symmetric neutralized ion beam (SNIB) is composed of positive and negative ions, and is capable of propagating across a transverse magnetic field due to the polarization of the beam. Such a beam may be of use as an alternative or complement to conventional neutral beam injection (NBI) in magnetic confinement fusion devices. SNIBs of energies from hundreds of keV up to a few MeV can be efficiently produced through a novel application of radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) accelerators. Because the cross-field propagation ability of the SNIB depends mainly on beam density, SNIBs of significantly lower energy than the 1 MeV envisioned for ITER neutral beams can in principle reach the center of a magnetically confined plasma. Some challenges that need to be overcome for this technique to be viable are identified; nevertheless, the approach is attractive when compared to the bulky, high voltage, conventional neutral beam systems. Distributed injection of many beams is possible due to the relative compactness of a SNIB module.     

基于冗余技术的强流质子RFQ控制系统设计

中国科学院近代物理研究所研制了一台用于ADS注入器Ⅱ的强流质子RFQ加速器。相对于常规功率源,用于RFQ腔体的功率源的控制精度要求更高、过程更复杂。控制系统需通过精确的水温控制实现频率调谐,水温的控制和监测精度要求为0.1 ℃。同时,为避免腔体因局部温度过高而损毁,控制系统必须实现实时的温度监测和可靠的联锁保护功能。为此,基于EPICS控制架构设计了RFQ控制系统,对关键控制代码的运行平台采用高性能冗余控制器,开发了具有网络冗余功能的IOC驱动程序,实现了水温联锁保护及高频系统控制。RFQ控制系统经现场测试,通信正常、运行稳定,冗余系统的主备切换时间在ms量级,满足RFQ腔体的控制要求。     

RFQ1L宽带射频功率信号源的研制及调试

介绍了重原子和核结构研究谱仪SHANS中RFQ冷却聚束器RFQ1L上宽带射频功率信号源的研制过程和调试情况。实验结果表明：该功率信号源达到设计要求,频率在40～1000kHz内连续可调,两路输出反相达到要求,电压幅度在RFQ1L现有工作频率下,满足设备的调试要求。     

5 MeV RFQ束流动力学设计模拟及误差研究(英文)

一台出口能量5 MeV质子RFQ将作为中国洁净核能系统ADS(Accelerator Driven System)验证装置的注入器,其工作频率352 MHz,注入能量80 keV,流强50 mA。概述了这台RFQ的设计方法、束流动力学设计模拟及误差研究计算结果。     

RFQ加速器高频测量软件和分析软件开发

强流RFQ加速器要求严格控制束流损失和束流发射度增长,因此必须准确测量和正确分析RFQ加速器的场分布和模式的场分量,并使它们符合设计要求。LebView是一个广泛应用于自动测量和数据处理的计算机软件平台,介绍了在此平台上开发的RFQ自动测量软件和数据分析软件,同时给出这些软件的一些应用实例。     

EicC束团缺失时的束束效应研究

EicC（the highly polarized electronion collider in China）是由中国科学院近代物理研究所提出的极化电子-离子对撞机装置。在电子-质子对撞模式中,EicC的电子环（eRing）内有256个电子束团,质子环（pRing）内有448个质子束团。由于两个环内的束团数不同,当束流中的束团出现缺失时,束团缺失带来的影响会通过束束相互作用传递给多个电子与质子束团,进而可能会使束流不稳定。为研究束团缺失对束流稳定性的影响,本文使用束束相互作用模拟程序AthenaGPU进行了自洽的模拟研究。模拟结果显示,缺失电子束团不会使束流出现相干不稳定,但缺失一定数目的质子束团时会引起偶极或四极不稳定,且使对撞亮度迅速衰减。调节名义工作点后可使束流避开共振区,不再出现偶极或四极不稳定。     

CSRe分子离子研究装置低能传输线物理设计

本文完成了CSRe分子离子研究装置低能传输线的物理设计。采用Poisson/Superfish软件对150 kV倍压型高压加速器的电场分布进行了模拟,结果显示,加速器各区域空间电场强度均远低于击穿电场强度限值。利用Beampath程序对离子源引出的分子离子束在高压加速器中的传输进行了模拟,束流包络显示,加速区电场对分子离子束具有较强的聚焦作用,加速管出口束斑尺寸较小。采用Trace-3D程序设计了高分辨能力的磁分析系统和RFQ加速器的注入匹配段。通过Beampath程序的模拟,分析出了质量数为150的分子离子束,并由三单元四极透镜实现了分析束流与直线加速器RFQ的注入匹配。     

100 MeV回旋加速器的高功率质子束流线研制

为调试100 MeV回旋加速器高功率束流及放射性同位素研制,设计了一条高功率质子束流线及可插拔式高功率束流调试靶。研究了100 MeV回旋加速器引出区色散效应及剥离膜的散射效应,从而优化了光学模拟的初始参数,使得模拟结果更加精确。高功率束流调试靶设计为可插拔式以代替常用固定式调试靶,该靶插入束流管道中时可进行高功率质子束流调试,在拔出时,质子束流可直接轰击束流线终端的靶站以生产放射性同位素。优化了高功率束流调试靶的水冷结构,确保调试靶可承受500 μA以上的质子束流。经调试,该束流线可传输最高流强520 μA的质子束流。     

上海硬X射线自由电子激光装置调试用束流收集桶的设计

在建上海硬X射线自由电子激光装置(Shanghai high repetition rate XFEL and extreme light facility,SHINE)包含一台8 GeV的超导直线加速器,100 PW的激光系统,三条波荡线和10条实验线站。主加速器的第三磁压缩段(BC3段)有一调试用的束流收集桶,BC3段的调试电子流强为0.3 μA、能量为7.7 GeV,束流功率为2.31 kW。本文从材料对7.7 GeV电子的能量吸收方面考虑,对束流收集桶的结构进行了确定。用ANSYS 17.0对束流收集桶的温度场进行了分析,结果证明在有表面空气自然对流换热的情况下,铝芯的最高温度为193.14 ℃,在束流收集桶坑道无外界换气的情况下,束流收集桶需要外围冷却水;用蒙特卡罗程序FLUKA对束流收集桶的活化进行了分析,保守假设束流收集桶连续注束2 000 h。结果证明要保证停机1 h后,束流收集桶周围30 cm处的剩余辐射剂量小于25 μSv/h,束流收集桶外围需要55～85 cm的混凝土屏蔽体;结果显示束流收集桶的剩余辐射剂量在30 min内衰减的非常快,这是由于刚停机时束流收集桶内产生的50%左右的放射性核素半衰期都小于10 min。     

RFQ加速装置同时加速同荷质比正负离子的理论与实验研究

提出用RFQ加速器同时加速同荷质比正负离子的理论,并利用现有的RFQ加速装置进行了实验验证。初步结果表明：采用这一方法可有效提高RFQ加速装置的载束能力。