单能电子诱发DNA损伤的理论计算

利用径迹结构的方法模拟了单能电子从入射DNA水溶液到最终产生DNA损伤的早期物理和化学变化过程。着重研究了直接能量沉积导致碱基损伤的判断方法、DNA损伤穷举分类的定义及计算机实现方法,以及确定自由基产生位置的随机抽样方法。结果表明：物理、化学径迹与DNA的反应主要以NB（nobreak）的形式存在,而在链断裂中,主要也以易修复的单链断裂(SSB)为主;在为数不多的双链断裂（DSB）中,复杂DSB占到相当数量的份额。验证了DNA是辐射作用主要“靶”的假定。     

Relationship between cellular radio-sensitivity and naked DNA damage in mammalian cells exposed to heavy ions

The relationship between deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage and the cell death induced by ~(12)C ions irradiation was examined in four kinds of cells, Melanoma B16, cervical squamous carcinoma HeLa, Chinese hamster V79 and hepatoma SMMC-7721. Cell survival was determined by a colonogenic assay, and the sensitivity was described by D_(50)(the dose of radiation necessary to reduce the survival to 50%). For all cell lines, D_(50) ranged from 0.74 Gy to 3.85 Gy, among them B16 was the most radiosensitive to ~(12)C ions, and V79 and HeLa cells had almost the same radio-sensitivity, SMMC-7721 was the last. The induction of deproteinized DNA double-strand breaks induced by ~(12)C ions were measured by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and the initial yield of the deproteinized DNA dsbs per unit dose was expressed as the DNA double break level (L). A linear dose-response curve was seen for initial DNA dsbs for all cell lines (slopes range from 0.40-0.98 (DSBs/100Mbp/Gy)). V79 was the steepest, B16 was the last.There was an inverse relationship between the initial DNA dsb and D_(50) if the B16 cell line was not considered, but there was no relativity even excludes the B16 cell line. The present results indicate that there is no relationship between cellular sensitivity and initial DNA dsb, even exclude the effects of chromatin structure.     

羧甲基-β-1,3-葡聚糖对人B淋巴母细胞的辐射防护作用

利用X射线辐照经羧甲基-β-1,3-葡聚糖预处理的人B淋巴母细胞(Human B lymphoblasts,HMy2.CIR),探究羧甲基-β-1,3-葡聚糖对辐射损伤的防护作用。采用CCK-8法检测细胞存活率,并筛选出最佳给药浓度和孵育时间(0.1μg/mL,72 h);流式细胞仪检测羧甲基-β-1,3-葡聚糖对辐照后HMy2.CIR细胞凋亡的影响;微核实验检测羧甲基-β-1,3-葡聚糖对辐照后HMy2.CIR细胞微核形成的影响;彗星实验检测对DNA损伤程度和修复的影响。结果表明,羧甲基-β-1,3-葡聚糖对HMy2.CIR无细胞毒性并具有增殖促进作用;羧甲基-β-1,3-葡聚糖能够抑制辐射造成的凋亡率和微核率的增加,降低DNA损伤程度,加快损伤DNA的修复。羧甲基-β-1,3-葡聚糖对HMy2.CIR细胞辐射损伤有防护作用,其机制可能与抑制辐射诱导的细胞凋亡和DNA损伤有关。     

Study on DNA Damage Induced by Neon Beam Irradiation in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

Yeast strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae was irradiated with different doses of 85 MeV/u 20Ne10+ to investigate DNA damage induced by heavy ion beam in eukaryotic microorganism. The survival rate, DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) and DNA polymorphic were tested after irradiation. The results showed that there were substantial differences in DNA between the control and irradiated samples. At the dose of 40 Gy, the yeast cell survival rate approached 50%, DNA double-strand breaks were barely detectable, and significant DNA polymorphism was observed. The alcohol dehydrogenase II gene was amplified and sequenced. It was observed that base changes in the mutant were mainly transversions of T→G and T→C. It can be concluded that heavy ion beam irradiation can lead to change in single gene and may be an effective way to induce mutation.     

碱性单细胞凝胶电泳预测肿瘤细胞内在放射敏感性研究

应用克隆形成法和碱性单细胞凝胶电泳技术检测辐射诱导的人红白血病细胞株K562、人结肠腺癌细胞株LS-T-117和鼠胶质瘤细胞株C6的初始DNA单链断裂数及单链断裂后的修复与细胞内在放射敏感性之间的关系。结果表明,3种细胞系的放射敏感性依次为K562>LS-T-117>C6;3种细胞系的DNA迁移距离都随着照射剂量的增加而增大,呈良好的剂量-效应关系。在相同剂量下,辐射诱导的DNA单链的初始断裂数目也依次为K562>LS-T-117>C6;3种细胞系经10Gy X射线照射并在PBS中培养不同时间后DNA迁移距离都有较大幅度的下降,但下降幅度依次为C6>LS-T-117>K562,在相同剂量下辐射诱导的DNA单链断裂后的修复能力也依次为C6>LS-T-117> K562。结果显示,辐射诱导的DNA单链断裂及修复与细胞内在放射敏感性有很好的相关性,可用于人体肿瘤细胞内在放射敏感性的预测。     

Assessment of DNA damage of Lewis lung carcinoma cells irradiated by carbon ions and X-rays using alkaline comet assay

DNA damage and cell reproductive death determined by alkaline comet and clonogenic survival assays were examined in Lewis lung carcinoma cells after exposure to 89.63 MeV/u carbon ion and 6 MV X-ray irradiations, respectively. Based on the survival data, Lewis lung carcinoma cells were verified to be more radiosensitive to the carbon ion beam than to the X-ray irradiation. The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) value, which was up to 1.77 at 10% survival level, showed that the DNA damage induced by the high-LET carbon ion beam was more remarkable than that induced by the low-LET X-ray irradiation. The dose response curves of “Tail DNA (%)” (TD) and “Olive tail moment” (OTM) for the carbon ion irradiation showed saturation beyond about 8 Gy. This behavior was not found in the X-ray curves. Additionally, the carbon ion beam produced a lower survival fraction at 2 Gy (SF2) value and a higher initial Olive tail moment 2 Gy (OTM2) than those for the X-ray irradiation. These results suggest that carbon ion beams having high-LET values produced more severe cell reproductive death and DNA damage in Lewis lung carcinoma cells in comparison with X-rays and comet assay might be an effective predictive test even combining with clonogenic assay to assess cellular radiosensitivity.     

当归红芪超滤物对重离子12C6+辐射肝癌细胞DNA损伤修复的影响

将人肝癌H22细胞分成4组,分别为对照组、药物组(100 mg/L)、辐射组(2 Gy)及联合组(100 mg/L药物 + 2 Gy照射),采用CCK-8法、单细胞凝胶电泳、γ-H2AX免疫荧光原位杂交技术以及Western Blotting印迹法,研究当归红芪超滤物(Radix Angelicae Sinensis and Radix Hedysari, RAS-RH)对重离子¹²C⁶⁺辐射引起人肝癌H22细胞DNA损伤修复的影响和其可能的机制。结果表明,在0～72 h和给药剂量为5～200 mg/L范围内,RAS-RH对人肝癌H22细胞的增殖抑制作用具有时间和剂量依赖性,其20%抑制浓度IC₂₀为(117.6±2.15)mg/L;单细胞凝胶电泳显示联合组头部DNA含量低于辐射组,而尾部DNA含量、尾距TM、Olive尾距OTM均高于辐射组;γ-H2AX免疫荧光原位杂交技术发现RAS-RH不增加重离子¹²C⁶⁺辐射引起的DNA损伤,但在2—12 h,DNA双链断裂的γ-H2AX foci修复作用被RAS-RH抑制,DNA损伤持续存在;Western Blotting显示RAS-RH通过下调Ku70/80及Rad51的蛋白表达,抑制γ-H2AX的聚集。以上结果说明RAS-RH对人肝癌H22细胞的辐射增敏作用可能是下调DNA损伤修复相关因子Ku70/80及Rad51的表达。     

电离辐射致DNA双链断裂研究方法及统计模型

DNA既是生命物质中信息的载体,也是辐射生物效应最主要的靶分子.电离辐射通过射线的直接作用和间接作用引起DNA分子的多类型损伤,其中DNA双链断裂(Double-strand breaks,DSB)是辐射引起的各种生物效应中最重要的原初损伤之一,成为辐射生物学研究的重点.目前DSB研究的主要方法包括拉曼光谱技术、原子力显微镜、单细胞凝胶电泳、脉冲场凝胶电泳、γH2AX分析技术、早熟染色体凝集等,研究DSB的统计模型包括随机断裂模型、Moment法、Tsallis熵模型、平均分子量法,在此均得到总结,最后探讨了DSB辐照热点的研究前景.     

Electron track analysis for damage formation in bio-cells

The track structure of electrons generated in bio-tissues exposed to X-rays (or other radiation particles) is essential to cell damage. This paper reports on Monte Carlo track simulations of electrons to determine the degree of concentration of ionization and excitation events as the aggregation index (AI). AI is expected to correlate with the number of lesions in a cell nucleus, such as double-strand breaks (DSBs), which may lead to lethality of cells. The simulation results show that AI as a function of electron energy has a peak in low energy (sub-keV) regions and the induction of the lesions may be attributed to the ionization and excitation clusters generated in the tissues. The track pattern, associated with the primary track and secondary branch tracks, is also illustrated by counting the number of the branching points given by the ionization.     

Comparison of DNA double—strand breaks induced by ^16O^8＋ in deproteinized DNA and intact cells

The yield of DNA double-strand breaks(DSBs) is sure to be influenced by the environment around DNA molecule.Inverse pulsed-field gel electrophoresis(PIGE)has been applied to compared the sensitivity of B16 cells and their DNA in DSBs induced by 75MeV/u 16O^8 beam.Results show that the percentages of DNA released from the plug(PR)in both kinds of the samples increase with the dose and approach a similar quasi-threshold of about 81%.A simple new equation was presented to calculated the break level of DNA molecules.Within a certain dose,the relationship between the break level and the dose is linear.THe yield of DSBs in deproteinized DNA was 1.11DSBs/100Mbp/Gy,while that in intact cells was 0.60DSBs/100Mbp/Gy.it is testified that deproteinized DNA is more sensitive to oxygen ions irradiation than intact cells.     

125I籽源持续低剂量率照射诱导人肺癌细胞的旁效应

观察125I籽源持续低剂量率照射诱导人肺癌细胞损伤的旁效应.选择对高剂量率外照射敏感性不同的A549人肺腺癌细胞和NCI-H446人小细胞肺癌细胞,采用125I籽源离体照射细胞模式,将直接受照细胞与未受照细胞共培养24h,应用CB微核法和γH2AX荧光免疫分析法,检测2Gy和4Gy125I籽源持续低剂量率照射诱导人肺癌细胞的微核形成和DNA双链断裂水平.结果表明,125I籽源照射能显著诱导A549和NCI-H446细胞的微核形成率和γH2AX位点形成率增加的旁效应,显示增强对肿瘤细胞的杀伤作用.旁效应强弱与累积照射剂量、肿瘤细胞的辐射敏感性相关:对高剂量率外照射敏感的NCI-H446细胞对低剂量率照射及其旁效应的敏感性高于A549细胞,但与直接辐射效应相比,125I籽源照射诱导A549细胞旁效应高于NCI-H446细胞,这两种细胞的辐射旁效应均随累积照射剂量增加而降低,提示介导旁效应的信号因子水平可能随细胞损伤程度的增加而下降.     

Study of calf thymus DNA irradiated in vitro with MeV fluorine ions

A study of the fragments of DNA irradiated with MeV ions is important for the understanding of the DNA damage mechanism and the subsequent biological effects （induced by heavy ions）. In this experiment, the products of calf thymus DNA （CT DNA） irradiated with MeV fluorine ions were analyzed using agarose gel electrophoresis, modified time-of-flight mass spectrometer （MALDI-TOF）, and high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The results showed that the molecular mass of the fragments were concentrated around 831 bp with agarose gel electrophoresis, there was no observable product in the range of 1,000- 30,000 （m/q） using MALDI-TOF, and small biomolecules were separated from the products. The results of this study indicated that the strand breaks of calf thymus DNA induced by MeV fluorine ions were nortrandom.     

应用单细胞微凝胶电泳技术检测成纤维细胞的放射敏感性

应用单细胞微凝胶电泳（SCGE）技术以及噻唑蓝（MTT）比色法检测辐射诱发的成纤维细胞系AT5BIVA和GM637的初始DNA双链断裂数及断裂拍的修复与细胞放射敏感性之间的关系。结果表明,AT5BIVA细胞系的放射敏感性显著高于GM637。两种细胞系的初始DNA双链断裂数均随剂量的增加而增加,呈显著的剂量效应关系,在给定的剂量点,辐射诱发的AT5BIVA细胞系的初始DNA双链断裂数显著高于GM637。AT5BIVA纱对辐射诱发的DNA双链断裂的修复能力小于GM637。结果提示,辐射诱发的初始DNA双链断裂数及断裂后的修复与细胞的放射敏感性均有一定的相关性,作为细胞放射敏感性预测指标具有很大的应用潜势。     

Surface Etching and DNA Damage Induced by Low-Energy Ion Irradiation in Yeast

Bio-effects of survival and etching damage on cell surface and DNA strand breaks were investigated in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae after exposure by nitrogen ion with an en- ergy below 40 keV. The result showed that 16% of trehalose provided definite protection for cells against vacuum stress compared with glycerol. In contrast to vacuum control, significant morpho- logical damage and DNA strand breaks were observed, in yeast cells bombarded with low-energy nitrogen, by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase- mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) immunofluorescence assays. Moreover, PI (propidium iodide)fluorescent staining indicated that cell integrity could be destroyed by ion irradiation. Cell damage eventually affected cell viability and free radicals were involved in cell damage as shown by DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) rescue experiment. Our primary experiments demonstrated that yeast cells can be used as an optional experimental model to study the biological effects of low energy ions and be applied to further investigate the mechanism(s) underlying the bio-effectsof eukaryotic cells.     

Effects of low-dose heavy ion irradiation on male germ cell adaptation and genetics

1 Introduction Ionizing irradiation has been widely reported to damage organism by attacking proteins, nucleic acid and lipids in cells.[1,2] However, irradiation hormesis after low dose irradiation has been becoming the focus of research in radiobiology in recent years.[3,4] Many studies have shown that low dose ionizing irradiation can produce stimulating effects on the immune sys-tems and induce adaptative response to harmful ef-fects of subsequent high-dose radiation exposure.[3,5-7] Furth…     

A multi-parameter system for acquisition, monitoring, and analysis of scanning ion microprobe data

The multi-parameter data-acquisition system for the Eindhoven scanning ion microprobe set-up is described. The front-end part of the system is based on an M68030 in VME and handles real-time data acquisition, experiment control and data transport. It is linked to a DEC ALPHA-AXP workstation for data storage, on-line data monitoring and data analysis and off-line data analysis. The system can be used to apply simultaneously the micro-PIXE, NBS and NFS techniques to determine elemental concentration distributions on biomedical samples, but can also be used for coincident ion scattering experiments and time or dose dependent studies of e.g. ion-beam induced radiation damage.     

枯草芽孢杆菌耐辐射菌株对紫外线的耐受性及其机理初探

为探讨枯草芽孢杆菌对紫外线的耐受性,以枯草芽孢杆菌耐辐射菌株及其来源菌株枯草芽孢杆菌黑色变种为研究材料,以不同剂量紫外线辐照处理。采用平板计数法比较两种菌株的存活率,通过脉冲场凝胶电泳分析两种菌的DNA双链断裂（Double strand breaks,DSBs）o发现,对数期耐辐射菌株对紫外线的耐受性明显大于原菌株,耐辐射菌株DSBs水平小于对应的原菌样品。耐辐射菌株对紫外线的耐受性较强,其DNA双链断裂程度与辐照剂量及辐照样品密切相关。     

小鼠乳癌细胞辐射敏感突变株SX-9DNA双链断裂及其重接修复研究

本研究采用一种新的细胞DNA双链断裂检测方法——脉冲电场电泳法,检测了两株来源相同而辐射敏感性不同的细胞SR-1和SX-9的X线照射所致DNA双链断裂的产生和修复。结果表明两株细胞的DNA双链断裂产生没有差别,而辐射敏感细胞SX-9的DNA双链断裂重接修复能力明显低于SR-1细胞,本文对此结果与细胞辐射敏感性的关系进行了讨论。     

Radiosensitivity of hepatoma cell lines and human normal liver cell lines exposed in vitro to carbon ions and argon ions at the HIRFL

Human hepatoma (SMMC-7721) and normal liver (L02) cells were irradiated with γ-rays, ¹²C⁶⁺ and ³⁶Ar¹⁸⁺ ion beams at the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL). By using the Calyculin-A induced premature chromosome condensation technique, chromatid-type breaks and isochromatid-type breaks were scored separately. Tumor cells irradiated with heavy ions produced a majority of isochromatid break, while chromatid breaks were dominant when cells were exposed to γ-rays. The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) for irradiation-induced chromatid breaks were 3.6 for L02 and 3.5 for SMMC-7721 cell lines at the LET peak of 96 keVμm⁻¹¹²C⁶⁺ ions, and 2.9 for both of the two cell lines of 512 keVμm⁻¹³⁶Ar¹⁸⁺ ions. It suggested that the RBE of isochromatid-type breaks was pretty high when high-LET radiations were induced. Thus we concluded that the high production of isochromatid-type breaks, induced by the densely ionizing track structure, could be regarded as a signature of high-LET radiation exposure.     

碳离子束与X射线对女性恶性肿瘤患者外周血淋巴细胞亚群的影响

分析女性乳腺癌及宫颈癌患者外周血在接受不同剂量碳离子束与X射线辐射前后淋巴细胞亚群数值的变化。抽取5例宫颈癌、5例女性乳腺癌患者的外周静脉血,经照射后(设未接受辐射组、1、2 GyE碳离子束组、及1、2 Gy的X射线组)进行淋巴细胞亚群检测。采用独立样本t检验,分别对两组离体血样本进行CD3~+、CD8~+、CD4~+、NK细胞、B细胞、CD4~+/CD8~+两两组间对比,分析数值变化情况。结果显示:两组离体血在接受不同射线、不同剂量照射后,淋巴细胞亚群检测结果差异无显著性的意义(p0.05);接受高线性传能密度(Linear energy transfer,LET)碳离子照射时,乳腺癌组中CD4~+值随剂量增加而升高,宫颈癌组数值则表现出相反的趋势;接受6 MV-X射线照射时,宫颈癌组中NK细胞数值随剂量增加而下降,而乳腺癌组则相反;接受碳离子束照射时,两病种受到1 GyE照射后NK细胞数值均较未照射组数值升高,2 GyE则均较未照射组数值下降。结果提示:女性生殖系统最常见两种恶性肿瘤离体外周血对高LET碳离子和低LET的6 MV-X射线照射表现出了不同的免疫应答反应。