基于超声搅拌的铝合金焊缝晶粒细化方法

理解不同超声作用下的熔池晶粒结晶特点对超声辅助TIG焊接工艺的优化具有重要意义. 以铝锂合金为研究对象,改变超声作用阶段及施加形式,分析焊缝晶粒分布特征. 结果表明,电弧熄灭后超声作用下,焊缝边缘为断裂的柱状晶,焊缝中心为等轴晶;熄弧前及熄弧后均有超声作用时,焊缝内部全部为等轴晶. 持续超声形式和瞬态超声形式对熔池晶粒结晶具有不同的作用,持续超声主要促进熔池内晶粒的异质形核而促使等轴晶形成,瞬态超声主要通过破碎枝晶细化晶粒. 超声细化铝锂合金TIG焊缝晶粒机制与超声作用阶段及形式具有直接联系.     

铝合金晶粒细化剂的研究进展

晶粒细化剂是铝合金生产中常用的添加剂之一,能显著提高铝合金的力学性能和机械加工性能,对铝合金的生产具有十分重要的意义。本文阐述了铝合金晶粒细化剂的发展历史和研究现状,并简单介绍了晶粒细化剂的细化机理和目前工业生产中常用的晶粒细化剂。     

铝和铝合金的晶粒细化

1 晶粒细化剂(中间合金)的生产和试验工业用晶粒细化剂通常是含有不同量的其他元素(主要是硼)的Al-Ti基合金。因此,研究二元Al-Ti平衡相图是很必要的,示于图1。Momdolfo评述了该合金系的相平衡,这里仅概述一些要点。相图中存在四方晶结构     

铝合金晶粒细化剂的比较

铝合金晶粒细化剂在国内外铝熔铸中的得到广泛应用，简介了几种常见的铝合金晶粒细化剂及其生产方法和优缺点。     

铝合金晶粒细化方法的研究现状及最新动向

综述了铝合金晶粒细化的各种方法与应用现状，分析了各种细化方法的细化机理。并对新型中间合金细化剂如Al-Ti-B-RE、Al-Ti-C-RE等的细化效果进行讨论，最后阐述了一种新的晶粒细化方法一细晶铝锭及其对铝合金的细化效果、细化机理及应用。     

变形铝合金晶粒细化的进展

综述了变形铝合金晶粒细化方法、细化机理和使用现状,提出了工业用变形铝合金晶粒的高效细化策略,并对晶粒细化的未来发展提出了展望。     

铝合金晶粒细化剂行为的研究

本文用萃取法富集合金中第二相测定出铝合金中加入了添加剂—钛剂后极微量的Ti、B,并用X射线衍射检查出TiB_2相。用扫描电镜观察到了TiB_2颗粒,能谱仪定点测定了成分,从而证明了含钛添加剂的作用是其中的TiB_2颗粒为异质晶核而细化晶粒的。     

铝合金晶粒细化剂的试验方法（1）

介绍了铝合金晶粒细化剂性能的各种试验方法：铝合金晶粒细化剂标准试验ＴＰ－１法;ＫＢＩ环模试验法;雷诺高尔夫Ｔ模试验法;德国铝联合公司ＶＡＷ法和美国铝业公司Ａｌ－ｃｏａ冷指试验法。     

7050铝合金晶粒细化的研究

在普通连铸以及电磁连铸下制备了加入和不加细化剂Al-Ti-B的7050铝合金,研究了Al-Ti-B以及电磁场对合金晶粒细化的影响,结果显示加入0.2%的Al-Ti-B与磁场的引入均可有效的细化晶粒.此外,细化剂在磁场作用下依然可以发挥效用,在磁场与细化剂的共同作用下的晶粒细化效果比二者单独作用下的都要好,铸锭边部与中心晶粒尺寸分别达到70 μm和53 μm.     

Effect of ultrasonic stirring on temperature distribution and grain refinement in Al- 1.65%Si alloy melt

A series of experiments were conducted for Al-1.65%Si （mass fraction） alloy melt to study the formation of grain refining structure with ultrasonic stirring. The cooling curves of ingots with ultrasonic were measured and compared with those without ultrasonic. At the same time, the effect of the time of ultrasonic stirring on solidification structure of ingots was investigated. The influence of ultrasonic on the grain-refining efficiency of ingots was analyzed. In order to well understand the melts behavior under ultrasonic, by using ammonium chloride solution, the simulation experiment was carried out and the temperature distribution in ingot with or without ultrasonic was compared. The results indicate that the ultrasonic reduces the temperature inhomogeneity of melt, i.e. the ultrasonic helps to homogenize the melt temperature. The effect of stirring and heat generation in ingot start to occur with increasing the time of ultrasonic stirring.     

Effect of pouring temperature on semi-solid slurry of A356 Al alloy prepared by weak electromagnetic stirring

The semi-solid slurry of A356 Al alloy was manufactured by low superheat pouring and weak electromagnetic stirring. The effects of pouring temperature on the slurry manufactured by weak electromagnetic stirring were researched. The results indicate that it is feasible to manufacture the slurry with particle-like primary phases by low superheat pouring and weak electromagnetic stirring, and there is an important effect of the pouring temperature （superheat temperature） on the morphology and the size of primary α -Al in A356 Al alloy. By the action of suitable weak electromagnetic stirring, increasing pouring temperature to put low superheat pouring in practice is capable of obtaining semi-solid slurry of A356 Al alloy with particle-like primary phase. Compared with the samples made only by low superheat pouring without stirring, raising pouting temperature by 15-35℃ above the liquidus temperature under condition of weak electromagnetic stirring can ensure the same grain size and morphology of the primary phase.     

短时电磁搅拌和细化剂对7A04铝合金大体积半固态浆料组织的影响

研究了短时电磁搅拌、细化剂及二者复合作用对7A04铝合金大体积半固态浆料组织及其径向均匀性的影响。结果表明:短时电磁搅拌和添加晶粒细化元素Zr,Sc均可使7A04铝合金半固态浆料组织的初生α-Al晶粒细化和圆整,并提高组织均匀性;短时电磁搅拌和细化剂复合作用的7A04铝合金半固态浆料具有最佳的组织,在631℃下,其晶粒直径和圆整度分别为36μm和0.68,在直径180 mm的制浆室中浆料组织尺寸的变异系数C_V仅为0.8%;随着温度降低,7A04铝合金半固态浆料组织的尺寸变大,均匀性变差,但圆整度的变化不大。     

A new development of Al-Ti-C grain refining master alloys

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Grain refinement and improved properties through electromagnetic stirring in AI alloy MIG welds

This paper described the effects of external excitatory parameters of current and frequency on the microstructure and mechanical properties of weld metal in M1G welding with longitudinal electromagnetic field. With a high speed video camera capturing the images of arc shape, the mechanism of arc rotation and how the periodic contraction and expansion of arc affected the movement of molten pool were investigated. The technique resulted in fine equiaxed grains in weld metal and optimum parameters of electromagnetic stirring were suggested based on the extent of refinement. Fine-grained weld metal exhibited better yield strength and significant improvement in elongation.     

Coupled macro-micro modeling for prediction of grain structure of Al alloy

A 3D stochastic modeling was presented to simulate the dendritic grains during solidification process of aluminum alloy. Shape functions were proposed in 2D and 3D to describe equiaxed dendritic shape. A growth model was presented to describe the growth of a nucleated grain and the capturing of the neighboring cells. On growing,each grain continues to capture the nearest neighboring cells to form the final grain shape. If a neighboring cell has been captured by other grains, the growth along this direction stops, which can reflect the grains impingement phenomenon occurring in solidification process. 2D and 3D calculations were performed to simulate the evolution of equiaxed dendritic grains. In order to verify the modeling results, step-shaped sample castings were cast in sand mold. The microstructure in various positions of the sample was observed. In addition the quantitative metallographic analysis also has been done to evaluate the grain size. Experimental and numerical results agree well.     

热轧变形对AZ40Mg合金晶粒细化与力学性能的影响(英文)

以热挤压材为坯料,经多道次热轧制备AZ40Mg合金板材。研究热轧变形对合金组织、力学性能与断裂行为的影响。结果表明:随着热轧道次的增加,通过动态再结晶,材料的组织均匀性得到逐步改善,晶粒尺寸持续细化。相应地,热轧板材的力学性能与挤压态坯料相比得到显著改善。经过5道次以上热轧制备的AZ40Mg合金板材,其平均晶粒尺寸细化到10μm以下,轧向及横向的室温拉伸屈服强度与伸长率均可分别达到175MPa和20%以上。     

Mechanism of grain refining in AZ91 Mg welds by arc oscillation

Grain refining can improve the solidification-cracking resistance and mechanical properties of welds. Mg alloys are increasingly used for vehicle weight reduction, AZ91 Mg being the most widely used Mg casting alloy. The present study was conducted to study grain refining in gas–tungsten arc welding of AZ91 Mg, focusing on identifying the mechanism of grain refining. Significant grain refining was obtained by transverse arc oscillation. Dendrite fragmentation was identified as the grain refining mechanism, instead of heterogeneous nucleation or grain detachment. This was done by using an overlap welding procedure in which the weld made with transverse arc oscillation (test weld) overlapped with another weld made previously without arc oscillation (preweld). It was found that repeated prewelding followed by welding with transverse arc oscillation resulted in very fine grains.     

Grain refining technique of AM60B alloy by Al-Ti-B master alloy

The effects of grain refining parameters on grain size of AM60B magnesium alloy have been investigated using an Al-5Ti-1B master alloy as refiner; and an appropriate refining technique has been developed. The results indicate that the Al-Ti-B master alloy is an effective grain refiner for AM60B alloy and the grain size can be decreased from 348 μm to 76 μm. Raising the addition temperature or the pouring temperature is beneficial for grain refinement; while for the addition amount and holding time, there is an optimal value. The appropriate grain refining technique is that 0.3% Al-Ti-B master alloy is added at 780oC and then the melt is held for 30 min before pouring. The above phenomena can be explained by the refining mechanisms that have been proposed from the related studies on Al and Mg alloys and theoretical analysis.     

Ti6Al4V合金显微组织对超声声速的影响

通过对Ti6Al4V合金棒材在β相区、α+β两相区热处理后的显微组织观察和纵向超声声速值测量、分析,研究了合金显微组织对超声声速的影响。结果表明,Ti6Al4V合金在相变点以上加热,随着冷速的降低,次生α析出长大为粗大片层状,声速值也随之提高;在相变点以下加热,组织中的初生α相含量对超声声速值的影响不明显,次生相的形貌对超声波声速起决定作用,其中规则片层次生α 相的析出有利于超声声速值的提高。