基于预充氢拉伸法的焊接接头氢致裂纹敏感性评价

提出了焊接接头预充氢拉伸法评价焊接接头氢致裂纹敏感性的新方法,以30CrMnSiNi2钢TIG焊接接头为研究对象,对此方法进行了试验验证. 结果表明,预充氢后的拉伸试样断裂位置由未充氢时的母材区转变为HAZ粗晶区,预充氢电流对屈服强度影响不大,随预充氢电流密度增加抗拉强度下降,断后伸长率和断面收缩率减小. 同时,随着预充氢电流的增加,断裂方式由准解理断裂和韧窝断裂组成的混合型断裂逐渐向穿晶准解理断裂和沿晶准解理混合断裂过渡. 预充氢拉伸试验结果表明该方法能够方便地确定焊接接头临氢环境时的薄弱环节,有效评价焊接接头氢致裂纹敏感性.     

平针搅拌头调修对铝合金焊接接头组织与性能的影响

通过拉伸、弯曲和硬度等试验以及金相显微组织分析,系统研究平针搅拌头不同调修次数下的6082-T6铝合金焊接接头组织与性能。试验结果表明:所有拉伸试件的断裂位置均位于热影响区,抗拉强度满足试验要求;弯曲性能较好;焊接接头有较为明显的软化现象;焊接接头各个区域的显微组织随调修次数的增加均无明显变化。     

不同环境下X65管线钢摩擦塞焊搭接焊接头组织和力学性能分析

为了研究摩擦塞焊搭接接头的金相组织和力学性能,分别在空气中和水下对圆锥形搭接试样进行试验. 结果表明,在空气中焊接时,没有焊接缺陷的产生;在水下焊接时,低的焊接工艺参数导致接头产生未填充和未连接两种焊接缺陷. 接头中焊缝和热影响区组织为上贝氏体,母材为细小的铁素体和珠光体组织. 接头的硬度分布为母材最低,热影响区次之,焊缝最高,水下搭接接头的硬度一般高于空气中接头的硬度. 在空气中焊接时,只有塞孔底部的拉伸试样断裂在结合线处;而在水下焊接时,靠近塞孔底部的两个拉伸试样在结合线处发生断裂.     

LNG储罐9％Ni钢GMAW-P自动立焊接头组织与性能研究

9％Ni钢LNG大型储罐立缝的自动化焊接,是亟需解决的行业难题.本文使用GMAW-P自动焊技术对LNG储罐立缝进行施焊.为保证焊接接头的焊接质量和可靠性,通过微观组织观察、拉伸弯曲试验、冲击试验、硬度检测等研究手段对焊接接头的显微组织和力学性能进行研究.结果表明:9％Ni钢自动立焊接头焊缝成形良好,组织过渡均匀.接头整体拉伸试验在热影响区产生塑性断裂,焊缝金属拉伸性能优异,接头弯曲试验无裂纹产生,-196℃冲击试验低温韧性良好,各项力学性能符合工艺评定标准要求,为LNG大型储罐9％Ni钢自动立焊高效焊接技术的应用与推广提供一定的理论依据.     

高镁铝合金搅拌摩擦交叉焊接头微观组织与力学性能

为满足大型铝合金船舶壁板的制造需求,对新一代高镁铝合金进行了搅拌摩擦交叉焊接试验. 结果表明,交叉焊接头成形良好,搅拌区晶粒尺寸最小,热力影响区晶粒形态没有明显方向性,与单道搅拌摩擦焊相比,交叉焊接头搅拌区晶粒组织更细. 显微硬度测试结果表明,交叉焊接头显微硬度变化范围较小,前进侧接头软化明显;拉伸试验测试结果表明,交叉焊接头抗拉强度为340 MPa,为母材强度的87%,对比搅拌摩擦焊接头抗拉强度358 MPa略微降低,在热影响区断裂,断裂方式为45°韧性断裂;疲劳裂纹萌生于焊缝底部,在最大应力150 MPa下循环超2 × 106次未断裂,疲劳性能良好,瞬断区断裂方式为韧性断裂.     

焊接工艺对5A66铝合金接头组织与性能的影响

分别采用钨极惰性气体保护焊(TIG焊)和冷金属过渡焊(CMT)焊接5A66铝合金。为研究焊接方法对接头的影响,使用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、显微硬度测试仪和万能试验机对焊接接头进行了测试。试验结果表明,CMT接头强度达到母材的93%,高于TIG焊接头强度7%;CMT接头断裂在热影响区位置,TIG焊接头断裂在焊缝位置。另外,CMT热输入小,热影响区软化程度低,力学性能与母材相差不大。在试验条件下CMT焊工艺焊接接头的性能优于TIG焊接头。     

焊接接头拉伸试验影响因素分析

统计了几年来所做钢材的拉伸试验,从试样断裂部位、焊接接头构成、焊接方法和焊接工艺几个方面进行分析,找出了焊接机理和显微组织对钢材焊接接头拉伸试验结果的影响。其有利于采取针对性措施,改善焊接接头组织和性能,从而提高产品的焊接质量。     

淬火状态下45钢线性摩擦焊接头的组织变化及性能特点

对淬火状态下的45钢进行了线性摩擦焊接试验,分析了焊接接头的组织变化特点,并对接头的拉伸性能和显微硬度进行了测试.结果表明,接头分为明显的焊缝区、热-结构影响区和热影响区三个区.与母材的马氏体组织相比,接头发生了明显的组织转变,并表现出一定的显微硬度分布.接头的拉伸性能优于母材.     

TC4-DT钛合金电子束焊接接头的拉伸性能

用电子束焊接50 mm厚TC4-DT钛合金板,对母材、焊缝金属和焊接接头的拉伸性能进行测试,获得了母材和焊缝金属的基本拉伸性能数据,分析了电子束焊接接头显微组织对拉伸性能的影响.结果表明,电子束焊接使TC4-DT钛合金焊缝金属强度增加,塑性和韧性降低,应变硬化能力增强.焊接接头拉伸试验的断裂位置均在离焊缝边缘较远的母材上,母材为整个接头的薄弱环节.母材和焊缝金属拉伸断口均表现出延性韧窝断裂特征.与母材金属相比,焊缝金属拉伸性能的变化与电子束焊接过程中冷却速度快、在焊缝区形成了粗大β柱状晶及针状马氏体有关.     

2219-O铝合金的搅拌摩擦焊接

对2219-O铝合金进行了搅拌摩擦焊接,采用光学显微镜分析了接头的微观组织,采用拉伸试验方法评价了接头的力学性能.微观分析表明,在热机循环的共同作用下,焊核区(WNZ)发生了动态再结晶,形成了细小的等轴晶粒,并且沉淀相的数量较其它各区有所增加;热机影响区(TMAZ)晶粒被拉长、弯曲,发生了动态回复和部分再结晶,晶粒内部开始有新的晶粒生成;热影响区(HAZ)的晶粒发生粗化.力学性能测试结果表明,当转速为800r/min,焊接速度为200～400 mm/min时,接头与母材等强度,断裂发生在母材区;当焊接速度大于400mm/min时,接头的抗拉强度很低,断裂发生在缺陷处.     

Q550高强钢焊接接头强韧性匹配

在不预热条件下采用不同合金成分焊丝焊接Q550高强钢,试验研究焊丝中合金对焊缝组织、接头抗拉强度及冲击韧性的影响.结果表明,使用MK.G60-1焊丝可获得以针状铁素体为主的焊缝组织.焊缝中沿晶界分布的先共析铁素体在承受拉应力时易萌生裂纹,提高焊缝中针状铁素体含量可以提高接头抗拉强度和韧性.采用MK.G60-1焊丝接头抗拉强度接近母材的抗拉强度,断裂发生在熔合区.接头热影响区的冲击吸收功最高,而熔合区的抗拉强度和韧性最低.焊缝冲击断口纤维区均以穿晶断裂为主,断口韧窝产生的机理是微孔聚集型,针状铁素体区对应的韧窝较大,先共析铁素体对应的韧窝较小.     

Lap joining of titanium alloy using laser welding and resistance seam welding combined process

Titanium alloy lap joints were performed by combined laser welding and resistance seam welding process. The welding characteristics of this combined process were investigated compared with that of laser welding. The experimental results indicate that the combined process welded joint has larger weld width at the lap surface. The joint tensile shear force of combined process is 2.5 times that of laser welding. There are some pores around the lap surface in laser welded joint, and most pores can be eliminated by resistance seam welding process. Metallographic examinations of combined process welded joint reveal that the microstructure in heat-affected zone (HAZ) and weld zone has the acicular martensite morphology, which causes that the microhardness in HAZ and weld zone increases compared with the base metal, and the microhardness in weld zone is highest.     

高铌X80管道不同强度匹配环焊接头性能及应变演化

为探究管道环焊缝断裂失效机理,测试了两种不同强度匹配的高铌X80环焊缝接头的组织和性能,并借助数字图像相关法(digital image correlation,DIC)观测了焊接接头在拉伸载荷下的应变行为.结果表明,低强匹配和高强匹配的高铌X80管道环焊接头均具有较好的冲击韧性,二者的夏比冲击吸收能量平均值相当,热影...     

AZ71镁合金TIG焊焊接接头微观组织与力学性能

采用钨极氩弧焊接方法对2.2mm厚镁合金AZ71薄板进行焊接加工。焊后对接头进行拉伸试验和硬度测试,结果表明:采用90A的电流焊接时,接头抗拉性能最好(281.23MPa),达到母材的89.58%。断裂发生在焊缝区,焊接接头断口呈准解理断口,接近解理断口;母材断裂为延性断裂,断口呈韧窝断口;焊缝区显微硬度最高,其次是母材,热影响区硬度最低。     

Weld cracking and joint strength of 2219 by MIG welding

Weldability of Al–Cu series alloy 2219 with MIG process was investigated in comparison with that of Al–Cu-Mg series alloy 2024. On weld cracking sensitivity, 2219 is superior to 2024 and as for the combination with filler metal, the decrease in Mg content in weld metal causes crack resistance to increase. And a liquation cracking in heat-affected zone was easily initiated in the case of Mg contents more than 1.6 mass% and Cu/Mg (ratio in mass%) less than 1.8 in weld metal. Welded joints were mostly fractured in weld metal even with reinforcement during tensile testing, so the intensification of weld metal is directly connected to the improvement in joint strength and fractured mode. The results of the investigation of correlation between the strength and chemical composition in weld metal revealed that the joint strength increased with an increase in magnesium and manganese but encouraged the weld cracking simultaneously. However, the author has also found that silicon was available for decreasing weld crack and the possibility of consistency with joint strength and crack resistance by control of these contents of Mg, Mn, and Si.     

PM-TZM钼合金电子束焊接特性

为研究PM-TZM钼合金电子束焊接特性,对其进行了电子束焊接试验,分别对接头显微组织及力学性能进行了分析. 结果表明,PM-TZM钼合金电子束焊缝呈“钉状”几何特征,熔合线附近有链状气孔出现. 焊缝区由粗大的等轴晶及柱状晶组成,热影响区晶粒相比于母材明显长大. 接头各区域硬度值不同,焊缝区硬度与母材相当,硬度最低值出现在两侧热影响区.PM-TZM合金电子束焊接接头有较大的性能损失. 接头室温最高抗拉强度378 MPa,为母材抗拉强度的47%,1 000℃抗拉强度168 MPa. 接头拉伸断裂均发生于焊缝区,呈典型的脆性解理断裂特征.     

Fracture toughness of structural aluminium alloy thick plate joints by friction stir welding

Abstract

The fracture toughness in a friction stir welded joint of thick plates of structural aluminium alloy type A5083-O is investigated. A joint between two 25 mm thick plates is fabricated by one sided, one pass friction stir welding. The Charpy impact energy and critical crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) in the friction stir weld are much higher than those in the base metal or heat affected zone, whereas mechanical properties such as stress–strain curve and Vickers hardness are not conspicuously different. The effects of the microstructure on crack initiation and propagation are studied in order to clarify the difference in fracture toughness between the stir zone and base metal. The analyses of the fracture resistance curves and the diameters of dimples in the fracture surface after both tensile and bending tests show that the fine grained microstructure in the stir zone helps to increase ductile crack initiation and propagation resistance. It is found that the high fracture toughness value in the stir zone is affected by the fine grained microstructure in friction stir welds.     

汽车用镁/钢异种金属冷金属过渡点焊工艺特性

采用冷金属过渡的方法对AZ31B变形镁合金和镀锌钢板进行搭接点焊试验,运用正交试验法优化工艺参数,同时利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和万能拉伸试验机对焊接接头的微观组织和力学性能进行研究.结果表明,运用冷金属过渡方法能够获得成形美观和性能良好的焊接接头;工艺参数显著性顺序为镀锌钢板孔径大小、送丝速度、点焊时间;接头为典型的点熔钎焊接头,由钎焊结合区和熔焊结合区组成;接头的抗拉剪载荷可达3.12 kN,远大于相同尺寸下镁镁点焊试样的抗拉剪载荷,接头的断裂方式为剪切型断裂和撕裂型断裂.     

传动轴管与万向节叉焊接接头断裂分析

汽车传动轴在轴管与万向节叉焊接接头处断裂,通过化学成分分析,焊接接头断口及金相组织观察、硬度分析,确定了焊接接头断裂的模式及产生的原因。结果表明:传动轴管与万向节叉焊接接头为疲劳断裂,疲劳起源于V型焊缝底部万向节叉一侧焊接接头熔合线附近的应力集中部位;万向节叉一侧焊接热影响区的脆性马氏体对疲劳裂纹的萌生和扩展有较大的促进作用;针对焊接接头失效的原因改进了焊接工艺,严控轴管成分,取得了较好的效果。     

An experimental study of the fracture properties of oil pipeline girth welds

The application of fracture mechanics to the "Fitness For Purpose" assessment of the fracture properties of pipeline girth welds is generally essential for the safe operation of oil pipeline systems. Based on the analysis of the fracture toughness requirements of the oil pipeline girth weld, a systematic study has been conducted on the fracture behavior of the API 5L X65 steel pipelin egirth weld made by two welding materials. The critical COD values of the pipe line girth weld under the different temperatures are tested. In the paper other influential factors on fracture behavior are also discussed, such as the welding materials, the welding positions (flat welding, vertical welding, overhead welding), the welded joint area (weld, heat-affected zone, fusion line and base metal) and the experiment temperature. The result shows that the welding material, the welded joint area and the experiment temperature have considerable influence on the fracture behavior of pipeline girth welds. It is also concluded that t he effect of the welding position is related to the welding process. The study provides a scientific basis for the welding of oil pipelines.