RE-Ba-Sb复合变质对4004铝合金组织与性能的影响

4004铝合金具有良好的可焊性。然而,由于其Si含量较高,在凝固过程中会形成粗大的Si相而降低该合金的塑性,从而降低箔材的成品率。为了提高该合金的塑性和成品率,采用RE?Ba?Sb对4004铝合金进行复合变质处理。作为对比,对该合金亦采用不同含量稀土进行变质处理。对于单一稀土变质处理,当稀土加入量为0.2%时,材料的组织和性能达到最佳,此时材料的的抗拉强度为194 MPa,伸长率为5%。对于RE?Ba?Sb复合变质处理,变质剂的最佳加入量采用正交设计的方法而进行优化。结果表明,RE的加入量影响最大,其次是Ba的加入量,Sb的加入量影响最小。三种元素的最佳加入量分别为RE 0.01%,Ba 0.3%,Sb 0.05%,此时材料的抗拉强度为224 MPa,伸长率为6%。且复合变质中RE的加入量约为单一RE变质加入量的1/20。     

铸造AlSi7Cu2Mg合金的变质处理研究

研究了不同的Sr含量对AlSi7Cu2Mg合金变质效果的影响。利用正交实验分析的方法,确定了主要影响因素。实验结果表明:Sr加入量、铝液温度和静置时间对于提高AlSi7Cu2Mg合金变质效果的影响程度大小的顺序是Sr加入量静置时间铝液温度,确定了AlSi7Cu2Mg合金的最佳的变质工艺,即Sr的加入量0.04wt%,静置时间60min,加入时铝液温度730℃。     

A356.2铝合金熔炼过程中锶烧损的研究

对A356.2铝合金锭、熔炼炉中熔体、浇包中熔体以及低压铸造机保温炉中熔体的锶含量进行了对比分析,研究了锶元素在A356.2铝合金熔炼过程中的烧损情况。结果表明,A356.2铝合金中锶在熔炼过程中烧损程度较大,在低压铸造机保温炉中的烧损比熔炼过程中的锶烧损要少,为达到工艺要求可在精炼除气前添加铝-锶合金来调整锶含量。     

熔铸法制备Al-Ti-B中间合金的研究

采用纯钛颗粒熔铸Al-Ti-B中间合金.通过正交试验及单项试验,探讨加料时Al熔体过热温度,加料次序,反应时间,静置时间,浇注温度等工艺参数对合金中第二相的形态大小及分布的影响.结果表明:熔体过热温度为主要因素,其他参数为一般因素;通过优化获得一组最佳工艺参数;混合加料有利于提高B的吸收率;熔体过热温度及浇注温度的不同将较大程度的影响Al-Ti-B中间合金中TiAl3及TiB2的形态大小及分布.     

5005铝合金与1Cr18Ni9Ti的真空钎焊分析

采用Al-Si-Mg钎料成功实现了5005铝合金与1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢的真空钎焊,借助扫描电镜、能谱分析仪和X射线衍射仪对焊后接头界面组织进行分析,同时对接头抗剪强度进行测试.结果表明,焊后接头界面结构从1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢侧到5005铝合金侧的界面组织依次为FeAl,FeAl₃,Fe_mAl_n+αAl.随着钎焊温度的升高或保温时间的延长,接头抗剪强度均呈现先升高后降低的变化趋势.当钎焊温度为580℃,保温时间为15 min时,接头抗剪强度达到最大值49 MPa.接头断裂形式受钎焊温度的影响,当钎焊温度较低时,接头断裂于铝合金侧氧化膜层及Fe_mAl_n+αAl反应层;温度升高至580℃时,接头断裂于Fe_mAl_n+αAl反应层中,接头抗剪强度最高.     

Processing Effects on Grain Refinement of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Treated with a Commercial Al-10Sr Master Alloy

The effects of Sr amount and melt holding time on the grain refinement of AZ31 magnesium alloy treated with a commercial Al-10Sr master alloy are investigated. The effects of solutionizing, rolling, and remelting of commercial Al-10Sr master alloy on the grain refinement of AZ31 magnesium alloy are also investigated. An increase in Sr amount from 0.01 to 0.1 wt.% or melt holding time from 20 to 80 min causes the grain size of AZ31 alloy treated with the commercial Al-10Sr master alloy to gradually decrease. In addition, the solutionizing, rolling, or remelting of commercial Al-10Sr master alloy can improve the refinement efficiency of the master alloy to AZ31 alloy, and the improvement resulting from the remelting is best obvious, followed by rolling and solutionizing, respectively.     

Al-5Ti-1B合金线对纯铝的晶粒细化作用

采用电磁搅拌连续铸挤Al-5Ti-1B合金线对纯铝进行细化试验,研究了熔体静置时间、合金线添加量以及添加温度对晶粒细化效果的影响。结果表明,熔体静置时间为5min时,合金线的细化效果较好,静置时间在120min之内,细化效果未出现明显衰退现象;随着合金线添加量的增加,细化后纯铝的晶粒尺寸逐渐减小;细化温度为700～730℃时,Al-5Ti-1B合金线具有较好的细化效果,温度为690℃时,晶粒局部粗大,温度为740℃时,细化后纯铝晶粒尺寸较大。     

纳米AlN颗粒增强铝基复合材料的制备与力学性能研究

用原位合成法制备了纳米颗粒增强铝基复合材料， 研究了复合材料微观组织、室温拉伸强度、塑性，并与基体合金进行比较，发现N2（g）的加入一方面可明显细化Al-7％Si晶粒，另一方面可生成约80纳米AlN增强相，对基体合金有明显的强韧化效果。     

Sr对碳质孕育Mg-3%Al合金熔体中Fe致晶核毒化与衰退的抑制作用

利用碳和Sr对Mg-3%Al(质量分数)合金进行复合孕育处理,引入杂质Fe并调整孕育保温时间,研究杂质Fe对孕育细化效果和晶核结构特性的影响。结果表明:碳和Sr复合孕育可有效细化Mg-3%Al合金,杂质Fe添加及添加顺序对孕育效果影响较小,长时间保温后晶粒尺寸略有增大。延长保温时间至80 min,晶粒尺寸最大从560μm一直稳定在100~130μm之间,其细化率保持稳定,变化幅度不大。Sr存在可有效抑制Fe对碳质孕育细化效果的粗化和加速孕育衰退的不利影响。晶核结构观测表明孕育合金中主要存在Al4C3颗粒和Al-Fe相表面包覆Al4C3相的双相颗粒,两者均可以作为α-Mg晶粒的有效形核核心。Sr易于朝颗粒表面偏聚和富集,从而降低颗粒表面能和相间的界面能,促进双相结构颗粒的生成,并可抑制晶核组分和结构变化,提高晶核结构稳定性,从而有效抑制晶核毒化和孕育衰退。     

热处理工艺对纳米γ-Al2O3粉体的尺寸和形貌的影响

以异丙醇铝为原料采用溶胶凝胶技术制备水合氧化铝前驱体,经热处理制得纳米氧化铝粉体.采用正交实验设计研究了热处理工艺条件对纳米氧化铝粉体的尺寸和形貌的影响规律.结果表明,热处理工艺参数对Al2O3粒子颗粒特性的影响由强到弱的次序为:煅烧温度、水合氧化铝在300℃分解温度点的保温时间、在煅烧温度点的保温时间;通过控制其热处理工艺参数,可获得一定尺寸范围的大小均匀,分散性好的球形γ-Al2O3粉体;制备尺寸为8 nm的球形γ-Al2O3粉体的最佳的热处理工艺参数为:煅烧温度900℃,在煅烧温度点保温4 h,在300℃温度点不保温.     

Semi-solid processing of hypereutectic A390 alloys using novel rheoforming process

The feasibility of semi solid processing of hypereutectic A390 alloys using a novel rheoforming process was investigated. A combination of the swirl enthalpy equilibration device (SEED) process, isothermal holding using insulation and addition of solid alloy during swirling was introduced as a novel method to improve the processability of semi solid slurry. The effects of isothermal holding and the addition of solid alloy on the temperature gradient between the centre and the wall and on the formation of α(Al) particles were examined. In additional tests, phosphorus and strontium were added to the molten metal to refine the primary and eutectic silicon structure to facilitate semi solid processing. The results show that the combination of the SEED process with two additional processing steps can produce semi-solid A390 alloys that can be rheoprocessed. The microstructure reveals an adequate amount of non-dendritic α(Al) globules surrounded by liquid, which greatly improves the processability of semi-solid slurry.     

4004铝合金扁铸锭气孔缺陷问题的解决

分析了4004合金扁铸锭的气孔缺陷形成机理及产生的原因,并通过采取延长精炼时间、增加变质前的静置、采用三转子除气装置、提高铸造温度等措施,减少了熔体中的气体。通过对采取措施前后的铸锭表面质量进行对比,证明上述措施是有效的。     

微量Sr、Sn对Mg-Zn-Ca-Mn合金力学和腐蚀性能的影响

目的研究Sr、Sn元素对快速凝固制备的Mg ZnCaMn合金室温力学性能和生物腐蚀性能的影响规律。方法采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、差热分析仪、万能力学实验机、静态浸泡、电化学测试等实验手段,分别研究添加Sr/Sn元素对MgZnCaMn合金结构、微观组织变化、热学性能、室温强度、塑性变形及体外降解行为的影响。结果添加Sr元素后,MgZnCaMn合金中的非晶相数量增加,尤其是Mg64.7Zn30Ca4Mn0.8Sr0.5合金浸泡析氢量显著降低,自腐蚀电流密度为1.61×10~(-4)A/cm~2,平均腐蚀速率为0.35 mm/a,抗压强度为621MPa,塑性压缩应变为0.8%。添加Sn元素后,MgZnCaMn合金中的非晶相近乎完全消失,合金组织中主要为雪花状的Mg2Sn相及MnZn13相,合金的析氢量无显著变化,其与Mg65.2Zn30Ca4Mn0.8合金的自腐蚀电流密度皆在10~(-4)数量级,其抗压强度为412 MPa,压缩塑性应变为1.6%。结论添加Sr元素可以提高MgZnCaMn合金的非晶形成能力,增加非晶相体积分数,同时提升了合金的强度和腐蚀性能。添加Sn元素则降低了MgZnCaMn合金的非晶形成能力,合金主要由延性相构成,其室温塑性得到明显改善,与初始合金相比,耐蚀性略有降低,但仍然优于常规的生物医用镁合金(如高纯镁、Mg-Zn-Ca等),具有较好的耐蚀性。     

铸态2219铝合金热压缩变形组织演变规律

为解决2219铝合金微观组织粗大、第二相分布不均的问题,开展了对铸态2219铝合金热压缩变形组织演变规律的研究。研究结果表明,经热压缩变形后,铸态2219铝合金组织中粗大的晶粒及连续网状分布的残余结晶相被打碎,经热处理后形成了均匀的再结晶组织。随着变形温度的升高,晶粒组织粗化,但Al2Cu相的分布更细小、均匀;随着变形量的增大,晶粒组织逐渐细化,晶粒大小分布也更均匀,且Al2Cu相也随变形量的增加破碎得更充分,分布更细小、均匀。在大直径铸锭锻造开坯过程中,为了获得Al2Cu相细化分布的组织,变形温度应控制在420℃以上,单次变形量不应低于50%。延长锻后保温时间不会显著影响材料的显微组织,因此,在锻造开坯过程中,为了保证合理的变形温度区间,可以采用回炉加热多火次锻造的方式。     

Microstructure modification by La<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> and its effect on wear resistance properties of as-cast ZL107 alloy

Modification of ZL107 aluminum alloy has been successfully achieved by using La₂O₃. The different casting parameters, including casting temperature as well as holding time and modifier content, were carried out to investigate the modification effects. The results show that the best modifier content is 1.0 wt.%, and the casting temperature has little effect. In addition, the wear behavior of modified and unmodified ZL107 has been compared. The wear resistance of as-cast ZL107 aluminum alloy can be significantly improved after modification.     

Bonding of Al2O3 ceramic and Nb using transient liquid phase brazing

The brazing of Al2O3 to Nb was achieved by the method of transient liquid phase (TLP) bonding. Ti foil and Ni-5V alloy foil were used as interlayers for the bonding. The base materials were brazed at 1423-1573 K for 1-120 min. The results show that the shear strength of the joint first increases and then decreases with increasing holding time and brazing temperature. The joint interface microstructure and elements distribution were investigated. It can be concluded that a composite structure, in which the base metals are solid solution Nb(V) and Nb(Ti) reinforced by Ni3Ti, is formed when the brazing temperature is 1473 K and holding time 15 min, and a satisfactory joint strength can be achieved. The interaction of Ti foil and Ni-5V foil leads to the formation of liquid eutectic phase with low melting point, at the same time the combination of Ti come from the interlayer with O atoms from Al2O3 results in the bonding of Al2O3 and Nb.     

不同工艺生产4004铝合金扁铸锭质量对比

针对4004铝合金板材边部裂口的现象,从铸造质量、铣面质量、铸锭质量全分析、板材质量等方面对比了三种不同的生产工艺生产的4004铝合金扁铸锭的异同点。由试验结果可以看出铸造前的变质处理是必要的,投料时使用工业硅块和Al-Si中间合金对铸锭质量影响不大。     

RE对铝合金表面氧化膜保护效果的影响

采用减压凝固试验法，研究了RE对A356铝合金熔体氢含量的影响规律。通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜等分析了RE对A356铝合金表面氧化膜成分及形貌的影响。结果表明，A356合金中加入一定量的RE后，熔体氢含量显著降低。加入RE后，表面氧化膜出现大量RE氧化物和铝氧化物形成的LaAl11O18的复合氧化物，这种复合氧化物使铝合金表面氧化膜更加致密。扫描电镜分析表明，不加RE的氧化膜表面凹凸不平，有明显开裂后愈合的痕迹，而添加RE后，表面比较平整，致密度显著增加，几乎没有看到开裂的现象，这大大减少了新鲜的铝液暴薅在空气中的几率，降低了熔体中的氢含量。     

利用DSC和Miedema模型研究锂变质处理A356合金的共晶变质(英文)

通过SEM和DSC研究添加锂对A356合金的共晶变质效果的影响。SEM显微组织观察表明:当锂的添加量为0.3%(质量分数)时,A356合金的共晶组织形貌由条片状转变为纤维状的变质效果很明显,与之对应的显微硬度也较高;变质效果会随着冷却速率的加快而增强,随着保温时间的延长而衰退。DSC结果表明:共晶凝固温度随着锂添加量的增加而降低,并且在铸铁铸型中,共晶温度降低了2.9°C。用Miedema模型计算A356合金中锂与硅及锂与铝的混合焓,结果表明锂的变质机制为阻止晶粒长大的变质理论。     

Impact strength and structural refinement of A380 aluminum alloy produced through gas-induced semi-solid process and Sr addition

Semi-solid processing of A380 aluminum alloy was performed by gas induced semi-solid (GISS) process. The effects of argon inert gas flow rate, starting temperature and duration of gas purging as key GISS parameters and also modification with Sr on the structural refinements, hardness and impact strength of GISS alloys were investigated. Microstructural evolution shows that there is an important effect of the pouring temperature and Sr addition on the morphology and size of primary α(A1) in the alloy to change from coarse dendritic to fine globular structure. The best sample which has fine grains of 51.18 μm in average size and a high level of globularity of 0.89 is achieved from a GISS processing of Sr modified alloy in which the gas purging started at 610 °C. The impact strength of the GISS optimized samples ((4.67±0.18) J/cm²) shows an increase of about 40% with respect to the as-cast sample due to the globular structure and fibrous Si morphology. Moreover, the hardness of the optimized GISS sample ((89.34±2.85) HB) increases to (93.84±3.14) HB by modification with the Sr and GISS process. The fracture surface of Sr modified alloy is also dominated by complex topography showing typical ductile fracture features.