一种物流配送车辆路径智能优化算法研究

针对遗传算法局部搜索能力不足,运行效率较低的缺点,论文提出将最速下降法与遗传算法相结合构成混合遗传算法.通过对物流配送车辆路径的特点分析,建立了物流配送车辆路径优化问题数学模型,利用改进的混合遗传算法对模型进行求解.仿真实验结果表明,混合遗传算法求解物流配送路径优化问题,可以较好地克服遗传算法局部搜索能力方面的不足和最速下降法在全局搜索能力方面的不足,得到质量较高的解.     

交互式遗传算法的改进方法及应用

针对交互式遗传算法中收敛速度慢和容易陷入局部收敛的缺点,提出遗传算法算子的一些改进策略,即利用定位部分优良基因方法,使这些基因较好地遗传到下一代。改进的算法能有效减少无效的交叉操作,收敛速度、全局搜索能力和局部搜索能力比交互式遗传算法均得到了较大的提高。将改进的算法应用于服装设计中,实验结果证明了改进后的算法在平均收敛代数和收敛到最优解的概率都优于遗传算法。     

基于一种改进的遗传算法的空间聚类分析

空间数据挖掘是数据挖掘的一个研究分支。空间聚类分析是空间数据挖掘的一个重要的研究领域。传统的K-均值方法用于聚类具有收敛速度快、算法实现简单等特点,但容易陷入局部最优,并对初始解敏感。遗传算法是一种全局搜索算法,但是收敛速度较慢。提出一种改进的遗传算法进行聚类,该算法通过全局搜索与局部搜索相结合,取得较好效果。实验表明:文中提出的算法在聚类分析中搜索到全局最优解(或近似全局最优解)的能力要优于经典的K-均值聚类算法,且局部收敛速度和全局收敛性能较好。     

基于一种改进的遗传算法的空间聚类分析

空间数据挖掘是数据挖掘的一个研究分支。空间聚类分析是空间数据挖掘的一个重要的研究领域。传统的K-均值方法用于聚类具有收敛速度快、算法实现简单等特点，但容易陷入局部最优，并对初始解敏感。遗传算法是一种全局搜索算法，但是收敛速度较慢。提出一种改进的遗传算法进行聚类，该算法通过全局搜索与局部搜索相结合，取得较好效果。实验表明：文中提出的算法在聚类分析中搜索到全局最优解（或近似全局最优解）的能力要优于经典的K-均值聚类算法，且局部收敛速度和全局收敛性能较好。     

基于改进遗传算法的配电网主馈线分段开关配置

本文以分段开关接入配电网主馈线后系统的可靠性成本和效益为目标建立相应的数学模型。针对遗传算法收敛速度慢、易早熟等缺点,采用基于自适应模拟退火改进的遗传算法进行分段优化,引入自适应机制优化交叉和变异算子,同时引入模拟退火算法。将遗传算法的全局搜索能力强与模拟退火算法局部搜索能力强的特点结合起来,提高算法局部寻优能力,更快接近全局最优解,在保证解的质量的同时提高了收敛的速度。     

一种改进的遗传聚类算法

给出了一种改进的基于遗传算法的聚类方法。传统的K-means算法局部搜索能力强,但是对初始化比较敏感,容易陷入局部最优值。基本的基于遗传算法的聚类算法是一种全局优化算法,但是其局部搜索能力较差,收敛速度慢。针对这两个方法所存在的问题,提出了一种改进的聚类算法。该方法结合了两个方法的优点,引入了K-means操作,再用遗传算法进行优化,并且在该方法中改进了遗传算法中的交叉算子,大大提高了基于遗传算法的聚类算法的局部搜索能力和收敛速度。     

基于改进遗传算法的模糊神经网络控制器的设计

为了充分利用遗传算法的全局搜索能力和BP算法的局部搜索能力,提出了1种基于改进遗传算法的模糊神经网络控制器的设计,并通过对二阶系统模型的仿真,证明基于改进遗传算法的模糊神经网络控制器比常规的模糊神经网络控制器具有更好的控制性,具有更大的实用性。     

基于混沌“微变异”自适应遗传算法

遗传算法可以较好地解决复杂的组合优化问题,但也存在两方面不足:一是搜索效率比其他优化算法低;二是容易过早收敛,陷入局部最优.对此,提出一种混沌“微变异”遗传算法.利用混沌优化算法具有随机性和遍历性的特点,解决遗传算法容易陷入局部最优解的早熟问题,使得新算法同时具有较强的局部搜索能力和完成全局寻找最优解的能力.同时,对遗传算法的选择算子增加了混沌扰动,对交叉算子和变异算子进行自适应调整,对适应度函数进行改进,使遗传算法整体性能得到提高.最后,通过经典函数验证表明,混沌“微变异”遗传算法比一般的混沌遗传算法和经典遗传算法的进化速度更快,搜索精度更高.     

基于混合策略改进的鲸鱼优化算法

针对原始鲸鱼优化算法（WOA）收敛速度慢、全局搜索能力弱、求解精度低且易陷入局部最优等问题,提出一种混合策略来改进的鲸鱼优化算法（LGWOA）。首先将莱维飞行引入鲸鱼全局搜索的公式中,通过莱维飞行加大全局搜索步长,扩大搜索空间、提高全局搜索能力;其次,在鲸鱼螺旋上升阶段,加入一个自适应权重参数来提高算法的局部搜索能力和求解精度;最后结合遗传算法的交叉变异思想平衡算法的全局搜索和局部搜索能力,维持种群的多样性,规避陷入局部最优。通过对12个基准测试函数从2个角度进行实验对比分析,结果表明,基于混合策略改进的鲸鱼优化算法在收敛速度和求解精度上均有明显提升。     

一种基于改进BA算法的K-means聚类

摘要：针对传统BA（蝙蝠）算法易被局部极值吸引、发生过早收敛等问题,将莱维飞行搜索策略引入传统BA算法对蝙蝠的位置和速度更新方式进行改进,从而提高算法的全局搜索能力;通过引入非线性惯性权重平衡算法的全局和局部搜索能力并提高算法搜索精度;结合Limit阈值的思想避免算法过快陷入局部极值。通过对6个标准测试函数的实验表明,改进后的BA算法不仅在全局搜索能力上有所提高,而且具有较好的搜索精度。最后将改进后的BA算法同K-means聚类算法进行结合,提出了一种基于改进BA算法的K-means聚类算法,实验结果表明,改进的算法提高了聚类准确率及算法鲁棒性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.