福建省不同水期地表水水质变化规律及成因分析

该文统计分析福建省2007-2017年水质监测成果资料,结果表明:福建省地表水水质年际间变化较明显,变化规律一般随年地表水资源量变化而变化;全省各主要河流汛期水质明显好于非汛期水质;不同水期,水质影响因素不是单一性的,而是综合性的。     

富裕县地表水水量水质评价

在分析富裕县地表水资源量基础上,比较分析了嫩江、乌裕尔河丰枯水年径流量年内分配情况,总结了变化规律,依据水质分析资料,进行了地表水水质评价。     

郏县地表水水质现状评价

郏县地处河南省中西部,位于平顶山市北部。为全面了解郏县地表水水质的时空变化规律,分析水污染程度、污染物种类和数量,文章从郏县地表水水质现状分析,根据阿列金分类法划分水化学类型,运用肯达尔检验判断郏县地表水水质变化趋势,并采用单因子法对水功能区水质进行评价,较全面的分析了颊县地表水水资源质量状况。     

河北省地表水水质水量变化规律分析

自1996年以来,河北省一直尝试着进行水质水量结合评价工作,为各级管理者和用水户提供不同水质的水量及其分布情况。利用《水质简报》分析数据,对河北省山丘区地表水水质水量变化规律进行详细分析,结果表明河北省山丘区动态水量水质良好。     

大沽河青岛段地表水水质变化分析

采用2000年～2005年大沽河青岛段地表水水质监测资料，对大沽河青岛段地表水功能区水质进行了较全面地评价，发现近6年来大沽河青岛段地表水污染状况总体上呈好转趋势，主要污染物是COD、悬浮物和氨氮。结合大沽河青岛段水功能区水质达标率低的原因，提出了改善大沽河青岛段地表水环境的对策。     

孝妇河流域淄川区段地表水环境质量评价

介绍孝妇河流域淄川区段地表水纳污现状，布设5条监测断面研究孝妇河地表水水质变化规律。采用叠加型综合污染指数法进行地表水污染评价，确定各断面的污染等级；采用概率指数法确定不同断面枯、丰水期水环境质量分级；采用单因子评价法对不同断面进行农灌适宜性评价。认为孝妇河流域水污染严重，所有断面均不适宜农灌。提出应加强孝妇河流域综合整治和河水污染治理，促进孝妇河水质的好转。     

黑龙江省地表水水化学特征

在对选取100个水质站进行化验分析、资料整编、评价的基础上,对黑龙江省地表水水化学特征的特点以及变化规律进行了研究分析。     

岗南水库水环境变化规律及保护对策

为确保人们身体健康，保证饮水安全，石家庄市地表水饮用水源取水口由黄壁庄水库上移至岗南水库，岗南水库的作用，其水质的好坏越来越受到人们的关注。为此对岗南水库及周边地区进行了重点调查与分层监测，分析了岗南水库水环境现状及变化规律，找出影响库区水质的主要因素，提出治理及保护的具体措施。     

太湖流域河流水质变化分析

通过对太湖流域１９９０～１９９６年七月间地表水水质监测资料（采用ＧＢ３８３８－８８标准）的研究表明，近年来，随着农业生产的发展和人口的增长，污废水排放量和污染物日趋增加，导致流域内地表水水质明显下降东体污染日益加剧，污染河段比重逐渐增大，污染区域逐渐扩大。     

新疆白杨河流域地表水资源特性分析

根据白杨河流域水文资料和实地勘测情况,对流域降水、径流、蒸发、水质等地表水资源要素的年内及年际变化趋势进行分析,旨在掌握山区性河流的水文要素的变化规律及流域地表水资源特性,为实现科学发展,进一步合理开发利用水资源提供科学依据。     

三峡工程对库区水流水质影响预测

利用开发的三峡水库整体一维水流水质数学模型，对三峡水库建成前后的水流水质变化趋势进行预测分析。重点介绍三峡工程建成后，库区水流条件巨大变化对污染物输移转化特性和水质分布的影响。预测结果表明，三峡工程建成后，三斗坪水位175m条件下，回水区断面平均流速比建库前减小4倍左右，平均有机污染物自净降解速率和大气复氧速率比天然河道状况减小1倍。由于污染物在库区滞留时间成倍延长，有机污染物排入水库后的自净降解总量较天然河道状况增大，因而，建库后加水区内断面平均有机污染物浓度较天然河道状况明显下降，但是，断面平均溶解氧浓度与天然河道状况相比也明显降低，对于守恒类污染物，建库前后水质变化不大。因此，三峡工程对库区水质影响有利也有弊。     

ANALYSIS OF WATER QUALITY IN SHALLOW LAKES WITH A TWO-DIMENSIONAL FLOW-SEDIMENT MODEL

The governing equation for sediment pollutions was derived based on the turbulent diffusion of pollutants in shallow lakes. Coupled with shallow water equations, a depth-averaged 2-D flow and water quality model was developed. By means of the conservation law, a proposed differential equation for the change of sediment pollutants was linked to the 2-D equations. Under the framework of the finite volume method, the Osher approximate Riemann solver was employed to solve the equations. An analytical resolution was used to examine the model capabilities. Simulated results matched the exact solutions especially well. As an example, the simulation of CODMn in the Wuli Lake, a part of the Taihu lake, was conducted, which led to reasonable results. This study provides a new approach and a practical tool for the simulation of flow and water quality in shallow lakes.     

THREE－DIMENSIONAL MODELLING OF HYDRODYNAMICS AND WATER QUALITY IN COASTAL WATERS

ＴＨＲＥＥ－ＤＩＭＥＮＳＩＯＮＡＬＭＯＤＥＬＬＩＮＧＯＦＨＹＤＲＯＤＹＮＡＭＩＣＳＡＮＤＷＡＴＥＲＱＵＡＬＩＴＹＩＮＣＯＡＳＴＡＬＷＡＴＥＲＳ￥ＳｈｅｎＹｏｎｇ－ｍｉｎｇ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＣｉｖｉｌＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ，ＤａｌｉａｎＵｎｉｖ...     

URBANIZATION IMPAIRS SURFACE WATER QUALITY: EUTROPHICATION AND METAL STRESS IN THE GRAND CANAL OF CHINA

Rapid urbanization leads to degradations upon water quality via eutrophication and pollution, but there are a lack of studies on patterns of water quality change to urbanization by level or process. China has achieved the most rapid urbanization in the world within the past three decades, and its urban development is diverse at level. Nine towns and cities at various development levels along the historic Grand Canal (approximately 1500 years old) were selected to reveal direct linkages between surface water quality and extent of urbanization. Surface water quality in the urban sections of the Grand Canal was impaired by both eutrophic nitrogen and phosphorus and metals. Although metals mostly remained at concentrations permissible to the Chinese National Environmental Standard for Surface Water Quality (GB3838‐2002), the concentrations of metals in most urban canal water might impose an unacceptable effect on aquatic communities according to the Criterion Continuous Concentration from the National Recommended Water Quality Criteria for Priority Toxic Pollutants (US EPA 2006). The loadings of metals in the urban canal were found relating to local industrial activities. The level of urbanization, in this study, was significantly related to water quality parameters in a descending order of electrical conductivity > nutrients > metals. This study suggests that significant mitigation strategies are required for the Grand Canal of China for a sustainable urbanization goal. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

ENVIRONMENTAL DETERMINANTS OF WATER QUALITY IN BOREAL RIVERS BASED ON PARTITIONING METHODS

Quantitative studies of the relationships between river water quality and environmental variables are needed to improve understanding of the impacts of natural and human factors on aquatic environments. However, multicollinearity between environmental variables can hinder the identification of key factors when water quality–environment relationship is studied using traditional regression methods. This study utilized two alternative statistical methods, variation and hierarchical partitioning, to address these difficulties in studies of river water quality. Using these methods, we explored the effects of catchment physiography, climate and land use variables on total phosphorus and nitrogen, pH, water colour and dissolved oxygen during the years 1995–2005 in 32 boreal rivers in Finland. Catchment physiography and land use explained most of the variation in water quality, especially in phosphorus, nitrogen and water colour data. The strong correlations (r_s > 0.8) between agricultural land use and phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations indicate that water quality is highly affected by agriculture in boreal regions. By determining the environmental drivers of different water quality variables, we can estimate the water quality of different catchments in response to environmental changes and identify areas that are sensitive to global changes. Our study shows that novel statistical methods integrated with geographic information system data and techniques provide deeper insights into water quality–environment relationships than traditional regression, and these should be considered when developing, for example, conservation planning for rivers. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

MODELING OF WATER DYNAMICS AND POLLUTANT SPREADING IN THE LUOMAHU RESERVOIR FOR WATER TRANSFER FORM SOUTH TO NORTH OF CHINA

1 .　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＷａｔｅｒＴｒａｎｓｆｅｒＦｒｏｍＳｏｕｔｈＴｏＮｏｒｔｈＰｒｏｊｅｃｔ(ＷＴＦＳＴＮＰ)ｉｓａｇｒｅａｔｄｅｃｉｓｉｏｎｔｏｓｏｌｖｅｔｈｅｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｏｆｗａｔｅｒｓｈｏｒｔａｇｅｉｎｔｈｅｎｏｒｔｈａｎｄｃｅｎｔｒａｌｐａｒｔｓｏｆＣｈｉ ｎａ .Ｔｈｉｓｐｒｏｊｅｃｔ ,ｉｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇＥａｓｔ ,Ｃｅｎｔｒａｌ ａｎｄＷｅｓｔ Ｌｉｎｅ ,ｗｉｌｌｄｒａｗｗａｔｅｒｆｒｏｍｔｈｅＹａｎｇｔｚｅＲｉｖｅｒｔｏｔｈｅｎｏｒｔｈａｎｄｃｅｎｔｅｒｏｆＣｈｉｎａｓｏｔｈａ…     

WATER QUALITY MODELING AND POLLUTION CONTROL FOR THE EASTERN ROUTE OF SOUTH TO NORTH WATER TRANSFER PROJECT IN CHINA

1.INTRODUCTION South to North Water Transfer Project in Chinais designed to solve water shortage problem and support sustainable social and economic development in northern China.Eastern Route Project(ERP)is one of the three components of the water transfer project.Pumping water from the Yangtze River in Yangzhou,Jiangsu Province,ERP utilizes the Grand Canal and its parallel rivers to transfer water from south to north.It also employs Hongze Lake,Huoma Lake,Nansi Lake and Dongp…     

浅析CSTR水质模型在赣江流域的应用

利用CSTR模型的方法建立了适应于赣江流域复杂河流系统的水质模型，对可以获得的赣江流域水质模型数据进行了分析，同时还对模型进行了验证．结果表明：所建立的水质数学模型能够达到赣江流域预定的规划目标的要求，模似的结果是比较可靠．只是水文数据在空间上比较稀疏，污染源统计数据可信度比较低，但单个水文站点能够比较好地反映流量和其它水文参数的时间变化过程．     

NUMERICAL STUDY OF SQUARE-STERN SHIP WAVE IN SHALLOW WATER

This paper employed shallow water equations with moving pressure to calculate water waves generated by a square-stern ship in shallow water. The moving ship is considered as moving pressure on free surface. The finite element method with moving grids is used to solve the shallow water equations based on wave equation model [3]. A non-reflection boundary condition [5]is imposed on open boundaries surrounding the ship. 3-D surface elevations, depth-averaged horizontal velocities are presented. The numerical solutions are physically reasonable. It is found that wave resistance coefficients, draftchange and pitch angle vary rapidly in neighborhood of critical flow (Fh=u/ gh= 0. 9 -1. 1). The numerical results also indicate that the wave resistance coefficients, draft change and pitch angle of square-stern ship are larger than those of sharp-stern ship with the same hull structure at the same speed.     

TWO-DIMENSIONAL PLANE WATER FLOW AND WATER QUALITY DISTRIBUTION IN BOSTEN LAKE

1 .　INTRODUCTION[1]TheBostenLakeisthelargestfresh waterlakeofinlandinChinaandimportantwatersourceintheXinjiangarea .Itisalsoofsignificanceforeconomydevelopmentandecology protectioninthisarea .Unfortunately ,inordertopromoteagri cultureandincreasecerealyield ,large scalelandreclamationhasbeencarriedoutandthewaterdi versionquantityforirrigationhasremarkablyin creasedwhichhasresultedindecreasing quantityofinflowrapidly ,loweringwaterlevel ,increasingmineralizationdegreeanddecreasingthe gro…