一种600b/s甚低速率声码器的研究

为了满足短波窄带数字保密通信的需要,本文提出并实现了一种速率为600b/s的甚低速语音编码算法。该算法基于先进的混合激励低速语音编码技术,通过对模型结构及参数编解码等方面的改进,在600b/s的速率上获得了比较满意的合成语音。客观音质测试和非正式主观试听结果表明,算法合成语音的可懂度和清晰度与传统的2.4kb/s线性预测（LPC）语音编码算法相当。该算法已经在单片DSP芯片TMS320VC5416上实时实现。     

采用Trimedia/Nexperia DSP的流结构模式实现G.723.1实时语音编解码

G．723．1协议是将音频信号压缩到5．3Kb／s和6．3Kb／s2种码率的音频编解码协议，主要应用在多媒体通信中的音频压缩。介绍一种基于Trimedia／Nexperia DSP的流结构TSSA(Trimedia Streaming Software Architecture)实现应用在可视电话中的G．723．1实时语音编解码。     

一种基于予帧联合编码的600b/s低速语音编码算法

为了适应无线通信等甚低速语音通信应用,文中提出一种基于子帧联合编码的600b/s语音编码算法。该算法的激励源采用混合激励模型,声道参数使用帧内预测多级矢量量化进行高效量化,在参数编解码时提出了子帧分类联合的思想,并在编码端使用语音增强仰制背景噪声,解码端使用后滤波处理来改善语音质量,这些方面较传统LPC算法有了明显改进。同时,选用TI公司的TMS320VC5416DSP芯片实时实现了该算法。非正式主观试听结果表明,该算法在可懂度、消晰度等方面与传统的2.4kb/sLPC自法相当,而速率仅为LPC算法的1/4,是甚低速率的一种良好的编码方案。     

用TMS320C6211实现多路G.728语音编解码标准

ITU-TG．728建议是国际电信联盟于1992年制定的比特率为16kb／s的语音编码标准。本文扼要地介绍了G．728编解码算法的原理和TMS320C6211定点DSP芯片，并详细讨论了G．728算法在C6211上实时实现的软件开发及优化的关键技术。     

G．723．1语音编解码的DSP实时实现

本介绍了G．723．1语音编解码算法及LSI Logic公司推出的一种基于ZSP400内核的定点DSP(LSI402ZX)，设计了一个用于可视电话的语音编解码子系统，并描述了G．723．1算法在LSI402ZX上的实时实现方法，从而实现了实时语音传输的功能。     

基于TMS320VC5509 DSP通信系统的G.729算法实现

为实现语音信号高质量低bit率传输、存储，现介绍了国际电讯联盟（ITU）提出的基于共轭结构代数码激励线形预测的G．729语音压缩算法的基本特性、基本原理，并且介绍了以TMS320VC5509为核心的DSP实时编解码系统：详细说明了该实时系统的硬件结构，以及G．729算法在TI公司16bit定点DSP上的软件实现过程，包括系统硬件框图、算法框图、编码细节。该实时通讯系统通过附加通讯模块可以与其它不同类型的系统互连，实现语音的实时通讯。     

基于 TMS320VC5402实现双路全双工ITU G.728语音编解码

对G．728编解码算法和定点数字信号处理芯片TMS320VC5402作了简要介绍。并讨他在TMS320VC5402上实现双路全双工ITUG7．28语音编解码的关键技术,包括软件设计方法和算法优化技术。结果表明,所运行的编解码程序,既可以保证良好的语音质量,又有良好的实时性。     

G.722.1低码率宽带语音编解码器的DSP实现

主要介绍基于重叠调制变换(MLT)编码方法的低码率宽带语音编码G．722．1的标准算法及其在TMS320C54x系列DSP的实现。最终能够在TMS320C54x系列DSP上实现多路宽带语音信号的实时编解码。简要介绍了MLT算法和G．722．1标准,提出了基于C语言和汇编语言的各种优化方法。给出了在TMS320C5402上实现的性能指标和测试结果,完全实现ITU—T G．722．1标准的定点算法,通过了ITU—T的所有测试矢量。     

语音信号的A律编解码的DSP实现

本文介绍了G.711标准的A律压缩算法的基本原理,设计出了A律编解码的软件流程框图,在以TMS320VC5416为处理器的硬件开发平台上实现了语音信号的A律压缩解压算法,并给出了’C54x的汇编语言程序。     

G.723.1声码器的DSP实现

介绍了ITU－TG．723．1语音编解码器在德州仪器（TexasInstruments）公司新一代定点数字信号处理芯片TMS320C54上的实时实现技术。编程实现G．723．1标准的所有功能,包括在编码速率的静音检测（VAD）和舒适噪声产生（CNG）模块。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks