摇摆条件下子通道内湍流流体的数值分析

利用FLUENT软件分析了摇摆条件对典型四棒束间的湍流流体流动和传热特性的影响机理。摇摆运动会对棒束间流体的流动传热特性产生一定影响。RSM模型可以很好地描述摇摆条件下子通道内的参数分布。摇摆周期变化带来的径向附加力的变化不会对摩擦阻力系数、传热系数和Reynolds应力产生影响。在摇摆条件下,摩擦阻力系数、传热系数和Reynolds应力呈周期性变化,但最大摩擦阻力系数所在时刻并不固定,而最大传热系数却始终是在流速最大的时刻。     

自然循环系统摇摆条件下棒束通道内传热特性研究

棒束燃料元件子通道间流体存在搅混与横向二次流,流动及阻力特性相较矩形通道、圆管等简单通道更为复杂。核动力舰船、船舶、小型浮动核电站等会受到海浪影响,经常处于倾斜、摇摆、垂荡等瞬变运动下。目前的相关研究多集中在低压工况的研究领域,高温高压自然循环运动条件下的研究较少。本文采用实验研究方法,对自然循环系统摇摆条件下棒束通道内流动传热特性进行了研究,获得了过冷沸腾和饱和沸腾两种条件下摇摆角度和摇摆周期对棒束壁面温度变化和传热系数的影响,并获得了摇摆周期内棒束通道内的传热系数计算关系式。结果表明,饱和沸腾传热系数变化比过冷沸腾的剧烈;在本文实验工况范围内,棒表面传热系数波动幅值随着摇摆幅度的增大而增大;摇摆条件下棒束通道过冷沸腾和饱和沸腾工况时均传热系数基本不变。     

海洋条件对棒束间湍流流动传热的影响

对海洋条件下典型7棒束和4棒束通道内的流体流动传热特性进行理论分析.分析结果表明,在海洋条件下,由于流速的波动,加热管壁上始终有周期性变化的蓄热存在.在7棒束通道内,由于四周壁面和加热管管壁的限制作用,垂直于流动方向的附加力对流体的影响非常小,流体的流动和传热特性主要由轴向湍流强度和入口流速决定.而在4棒束通道内,由于...     

摇摆条件下矩形管内湍流流动特性的LES研究

采用FLUENT软件和大涡模拟方法对摇摆条件下矩形通道内的湍流流体进行了理论研究,分析了各种摇摆条件和矩形通道尺寸对湍流流体流动特性的影响.结果表明,当矩形管比较窄时,管壁会抑制摇摆运动对湍流流体的影响;当摇摆幅度比较小时,摇摆运动对湍流流体的影响比较小;随着矩形管长宽比的减小,管壁上湍流摩擦阻力系数逐渐减小,并呈波形...     

摇摆条件下棒束通道流场特性研究

由于海洋条件下反应堆处于非稳态工况，会产生倾斜、摇摆、起伏等运动，这些运动将会在棒束通道中引入额外的惯性力场，对棒束通道中的流场会有额外的影响，因此有必要对摇摆条件下的棒束通道进行研究。本文基于粒子图像测速（PIV）技术开展了摇摆条件下节径比为1.326的棒束通道内流场分布特性研究。对比了相同流量条件下稳态工况与瞬态工况下流场分布差异，分析了同一加速度时棒束通道内不同位置的流场分布特征。实验结果表明：摇摆运动对棒束通道中部的影响较小，对通道两侧的影响较大。通道两侧的速度场呈现周期性波动，波形为反相。在流量较低的情况下会出现倒流现象，但定位格架此时对上游并未造成横向速度影响。研究表明摇摆运动引起的流场变化与脉动流引起的流场变化有较大差异，其中脉动流造成的速度场变化是均匀脉动的，而摇摆引起的速度场是在通道两侧呈现反相波动。     

关于无限棒束间流动和传热特性的数值研究

应用非线性ｋε湍流模式，采用非正交曲线坐标系下求解三维ＮＳ方程的非交错网格有限体积方法，数值模拟了充分发展条件下，三角形排列无限棒束间通道内，不同的几何参数（Ｐ／Ｄ），雷诺数（Ｒｅ）下的流动和传热问题。给出了不同参数下的速度和温度分布以及湍流二次流动，分析了几何参数、雷诺数及二次流对棒束内流动和传热特性的影响，得到了不同参数下通道的摩擦系数和Ｎｕｓｅｌｔ数，并与经验关系式作了比较     

摇摆条件下窄矩形通道内流动传热特性数值模拟

建立窄矩形通道在摇摆条件下湍流流动的物理数学模型,应用数值分析方法模拟窄矩形通道的三维非稳态流动的传热过程;考察摇摆条件下通道内流动阻力和换热性能及其随雷诺数Re、摇摆周期T及摇摆幅度max影响的变化规律。结果表明,摇摆状态下窄矩形通道内速度场呈周期性变化;时均摩擦系数favg和时均努塞尔数Nuavg比非摇摆工况下的结果大,Nuavg满足拟合公式0.851 0.4Nu 0.023Re Pr;在相同Re和摇摆周期T下,通道内流体摩擦压降和Nu的变化幅值随max的增大而增大,其变化周期等于T;在相同Re和max下,摩擦压降pf和Nu的变化幅值随T的增大而减小,其变化周期等于T。     

摇摆对传热影响的机理分析

通过对摇摆情况下竖直加热管内流体流动的理论分析,建立了模型,推导出通道内的流速分布.研究了通道壁面附近流体的流动情况.分析认为摇摆情况下的竖直加热管内流动不同于普通的非定常流动,在通道壁面附近的边界层遭到破坏.在分析流动的基础上指出了竖直加热管内边界层被破坏的原因,进而指出摇摆影响传热的机理是摇摆使加热管壁面附近流动局部扰动加剧.     

7棒束紧密栅元流体流动传热数值研究

紧密栅元内的流体流动传热研究对高转化比反应堆燃料组件的优化有十分重要的意义。本文采用CFD方法对7棒束紧密栅元棒束通道内流体流动传热现象进行了数值模拟,并与7棒束紧密栅元内氟利昂流体传热的实验结果进行对比分析,详细分析了定位格架对棒束内流体传热流动的影响。结果表明：数值计算所得的非加热棒的壁面温度和实验吻合良好,定位格架的存在对其下游流体流动、棒束最高温度分布及交混系数有明显的影响,棒束某些位置因流动滞止导致温度大幅上升,在设计中应加以注意。     

超临界水四棒束传热数值分析

超临界水冷堆(SCWR)开发的关键是棒束内超临界水(SCW)的热工水力特性。本文针对超临界水四棒束流动传热实验进行CFD数值模拟,SSG湍流模型的计算结果与实验结果吻合良好。分析结果表明,流动方向对棒束截面内流量分布有显著影响。与下降流相比,尽管上升流时棒束间流动搅混较弱,但上升流时棒束截面流量及壁面周向温度分布更加均匀,加热棒壁面温度更低。可见,棒束横截面上的流量分布是影响加热棒壁面流动传热的主要因素。     

The flow and heat transfer characteristics of turbulent flow in typical rod bundles in ocean environment

The flow and heat transfer characteristic of turbulent flow in typical 4 and 7 rod bundles in ocean environment is investigated theoretically. In ocean environment, the periodic variation of secondary flow in 7 rod bundles is not obvious. Because of the velocity oscillation, there is a periodic heat accumulation on the tube wall. And the restriction of the channel wall on the rolling motion is considerable. In 7 rod bundles, because of the restriction of the channel wall, the effect of the additional force perpendicular to flowing direction is limited, and the turbulent flowing and heat transfer is mainly determined by the axial turbulent intensity and inlet velocity. However, in the 4 rod bundles, the restriction of the channel wall is small. The effect of the additional force perpendicular to flowing direction on the flowing and heat transfer is significant. And the additional force perpendicular to flowing direction can also affect the Reynolds stress.     

LES and URANS simulations of turbulent flow in 4 rod bundles in ocean environment

The flow and heat transfer of turbulent flow in typical 4 rod bundles in rolling motion is investigated with LES and URANS. The effect of rolling motion consists of two parts, the axial additional force which causes velocity oscillation and the radial additional force. The effect of rolling motion on the flowing similarity is considerable. The effect of radial additional force on the flow should not be neglected. In ocean environment, the effect of radial additional force on the flow should not be neglected. The average parameters are determined by the drive force and axial additional force, but the parameter profiles in the cross section are mainly determined by the radial additional force.     

Effect of rolling on the flowing and heat transfer characteristic of turbulent flow in sub-channels

The flowing and heat transfer of turbulent flow in typical 4 rod bundles in rolling motion is investigated with LES and URANS. As the rolling period decreases, the average wall shear stress increases, and the frictional resistance increases. The wall shear stress solved by LES is not good enough, while that of URANS is consistent with experiments. The variation of frictional resistance coefficient, Nusselt number and Reynolds stress with rolling amplitude is very weak. In rolling motion, the biggest frictional resistance coefficient is not located in a constant time.     

稠密栅元内湍流流体的数值模拟

采用CFD软件Fluent对37棒束内的湍流流体进行了分析。利用实验数据对计算结果进行了验证,分析了棒 棒间隙的减小对稠密栅元内局部流动、传热和相干结构的影响。稠密栅元的临界P/D（棒间距/棒直径）约为1.03。随着P/D减小,相干结构和流体交混先增加然后迅速衰减。当通道间隙非常小时,相干结构运动非常弱以至于可将其忽略。其流速、壁面剪应力和壁面温度的波动也非常小,但其参数的空间分布的差异非常明显。     

The modeling and validation of the flow and heat transfer models of pulsating flow in channels in rolling motion

The flow and heat transfer models of laminar flow and turbulent flow in rolling motion are established theoretically and modified with CFD results and experimental data. The correlations of frictional resistance coefficient and Nusselt number in pipes in rolling motion are obtained. The effect of rolling motion on the flow and heat transfer is mainly affected by the Reynolds number, angular acceleration and channel diameter. As the channel diameter is small, the effect of rolling motion on the flow and heat transfer is weak. The modified correlations of frictional resistance coefficient and Nusselt number in rolling motion could predict the flow and heat transfer in pipes in rolling motion correctly. The average discrepancy between theoretical correlations and experimental data is about 15%.     

URANS simulation of the turbulent flow in a tight lattice: Effect of the pitch to diameter ratio

The turbulent flow in 37 rod bundles is investigated with CFD code FLUENT. The calculation results were validated with experimental data at first. Then the effects of diminishing rod-rod gap size on local flow, heat transfer and coherent structure in tight lattice are analyzed. The critical pitch to diameter ratio is next to 1.03. As the pitch to diameter ratio decreases from a high level to 1.03, the coherent structure and flow oscillation increase gradually. However, as the gap size continues decreasing, the coherent structure and flow oscillation decay very quickly. In the very narrow gap, the coherent structure is so weak that it could be neglected. The oscillations of velocity, wall shear stress and wall temperature are also very weak. But the spatial variation of the parameters in this gap is very significant.     

Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes simulation of the turbulent flow pulsation and coherent structures in a tight lattice in rolling motion

The flow in a tight lattice is strongly affected by the quasi-periodic lateral flow pulsations caused by large scale vortices. This kind of large scale vortices is largely responsible for the momentum and heat exchange across the gaps. In rolling motion, the coherent structure and flow oscillation are affected by an additional force. The coherent structure in rolling motion is more significant than that in no rolling motion. The oscillation period in rolling motion is about 10% bigger than that in no rolling motion. The rolling motion can affect the coherent structure. However, the effect of rolling motion on the thermal hydraulic parameters, i.e. wall temperature and bulk temperature, is very limited. The wall temperature and wall shear stress in rolling motion and no rolling motion are nearly the same. The additional force due to rolling motion can change the moving characteristics of coherent structures, but its effect on the turbulent flow and heat transfer is weak.