均相沉淀模板法制备纳米Y2O3空心球研究

以粒径约150 nm的碳球为模板,通过均相沉淀法制备出Y(OH)3/碳球复合微球,煅烧除去碳球模板,得到粒径约300 nm的纳米Y2O3空心球。通过傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和热失重分析(TG)以及X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等测试手段表征复合微球和纳米Y2O3空心球的形貌和结构。结果表明:空心球由立方晶系纳米Y2O3构成,粒径约为300 nm,壳厚度约为20 nm。     

开口型SnO_2空心球表面载银制备及其表征

以锡酸钠和尿素为原料,采用一步水热法和两步原位化学还原法分别制备出SnO_2空心球表面载有银亚纳米颗粒的复合粉体,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)等研究了表面银颗粒的厚度及分布均匀性。结果表明,2种方法均能制备出平均粒径为1~4μm、分散性良好的空心微球;一步水热法制备的SnO_2空心球表面银颗粒细小且有团聚现象,而采用两步原位化学还原法在SnO_2空心球表面获得了一层由亚纳米银颗粒组成的厚度均匀的银壳,银颗粒的粒径为100~300nm;还原剂葡萄糖的浓度对银颗粒粒径及分布影响明显。     

单质银空心微球的制备及其表征

以阳离子交换树脂为模板制备了单质银空心微球,采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线能量散射谱(EDS)、X射线衍射谱(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis)等手段对其进行了表征.结果表明:所制备的单质银微球呈表面多孔的空心结构,直径在200～500μm之间,微球表面由30～80 nm的纳米银颗粒组成.由于此种单质银微球独特的结构,可望在催化化学、生物化学、材料等诸多领域得到很好的应用.     

不同粒径核壳结构聚苯乙烯(PS)-CeO2复合磨料的制备、表征及其化学机械抛光性能

以无皂乳液聚合法制备的不同粒径聚苯乙烯(Ploystrene,PS)微球为内核,以硝酸铈和六亚甲基四胺为原料,采用液相工艺制备具有核壳结构的PS-CeO2复合微球.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、傅里叶转换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)和热重分析仪(TGA)等对样品的成分、物相结构、形貌、粒径以及团聚情况进行表征.将所制备的PS-CeO2复合微球作为磨料用于二氧化硅介质层的化学机械抛光,用原子力显微镜(AFM)观察抛光表面的微观形貌,测量表面粗糙度.结果表明:所制备的3种PS微球呈单分散规则球形,粒径分别约为120、170和240 nm;3种PS-CeO2复合微球具有核壳结构,粒径分别约为140、190和260nm,CeO2壳厚约为10 nm.随着PS-CeO2复合磨料粒径的减小,抛光表面粗糙度随之降低,经样品F1抛光后表面在10 μm× 10 μm面积范围内粗糙度的平均值（Ra）及其均方根（Rms）分别为0.372和0.470 nm.     

多孔氧化铈空心微球的合成、表征及其脱色性能

以聚苯乙烯微球为模板、六水硝酸亚铈为铈源、六亚甲基四胺为沉淀剂,制备不同壳厚的氧化铈空心微球;利用XRD、TEM、FESEM、XPS和氮气吸附一脱附等手段,对所制备样品的微观结构进行表征.将所制备的Ce02空心微球用于甲基橙模拟染料废水的脱色处理.结果表明:CeO2空心微球具有多孔结构,表面平均孔径约为10 nm,球径约为200～250 nm,壳厚约为10～30 nm,壳层是由粒径为5～10 nm的CeO2颗粒所组成;甲基橙溶液经CeO2空心微球处理60 min后,其脱色率可达95%以上,表现出良好的脱色性能.     

微波水热法制备分等级空心球状CdS纳米结构(英文)

以氯化镉和硫代硫酸钠为原料,以乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)为模板剂,采用微波水热(M-H)法成功制备了空心球状 CdS 纳米结构。采用 X 射线衍射仪(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)、能量弥散X射线谱(EDS)和高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)对所制备的CdS 纳米结构进行表征。采用紫外-可见吸收光谱研究所制备的分等级空心球状 CdS 纳米结构的光学性能。结果表明:得到的CdS是具有纤锌矿结构的直径为 400～600nm的分等级空心球状纳米结构,这种结构由30nm左右的纳米颗粒自组装构成。EDTA和微波辐射在分等级空心球状 CdS纳米结构的形成过程中起了重要作用,讨论了这种作用并提出可能的生长机理。所制备的分等级空心球状CdS纳米结构具有较好的蓝光发射性能。     

新型核-壳结构PS/CeO_2和PS/SiO_2复合磨料的制备及其抛光性能

以聚苯乙烯(PS)微球为内核,采用液相法制备具有核壳结构的PS/CeO2和PS/SiO2复合颗粒。利用X射线衍射仪、透射电子显微镜、场发射扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶转换红外光谱仪和热重分析仪等对所制备样品的物相结构、形貌和粒径等进行表征。将所制备的复合磨料用于硅晶片表面二氧化硅介质层的化学机械抛光,采用原子力显微镜观察抛光表面的微观形貌,并测量表面粗糙度。结果表明:所制备的PS/CeO2和PS/SiO2复合颗粒呈近球形,粒径为250～300nm,且具有核壳包覆结构,包覆层的厚度为10～20nm;硅晶片表面二氧化硅介质层经PS/CeO2和PS/SiO2复合颗粒抛光后,表面无划痕,且非常平整,在5μm×5μm范围内,粗糙度均方根值(RMS)分别为0.238nm和0.254nm。     

单分散中空TiO_2纳米微球制备及光催化性能研究（英文）

采用阳离子聚苯乙烯(PS)微球为模板,以钛酸丁酯为前驱体经溶胶凝胶反应制备了TiO2/PS复合微球,并经高温煅烧得到单分散中空TiO2纳米微球。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和紫外-可见分光光度计(UV-VIS DRS)对复合和中空微球的结构和光催化性能进行了表征。结果表明,经高温煅烧后TiO2中空微球尺寸相对于复合微球收缩了约25%,其粒径约为100 nm;中空微球壳层厚度可随钛酸丁酯用量而变化,壳层呈锐钛矿和金红石混晶结构,同时中空微球表现出比P25纳米TiO2更强的甲基橙光降解特性。     

Fabrication of Mono-dispersed Hollow Titania Nanospheres with Enhanced Photocatalytic Property

采用阳离子聚苯乙烯(PS)微球为模板,以钛酸丁酯为前驱体经溶胶凝胶反应制备了TiO2/PS复合微球,并经高温煅烧得到单分散中空TiO2纳米微球。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和紫外-可见分光光度计(UV-VIS DRS)对复合和中空微球的结构和光催化性能进行了表征。结果表明,经高温煅烧后TiO2中空微球尺寸相对于复合微球收缩了约25%,其粒径约为100 nm;中空微球壳层厚度可随钛酸丁酯用量而变化,壳层呈锐钛矿和金红石混晶结构,同时中空微球表现出比P25纳米TiO2更强的甲基橙光降解特性。     

空心微球表面化学镀Ni薄膜的工艺研究

比较空心微球表面化学镀Ni薄膜的工艺.分别以Sn-Pd胶体溶液和[Ag(NH3)2]+溶液作为活化剂,将空心微球表面进行活化,再采用化学镀的方法分别在其上淀积金属Ni薄膜.使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能量色散光谱(EDS)和X-射线衍射光谱(XRD)对两种工艺所镀Ni薄膜的表面微观结构和组分进行表征.结果表明:用Sn-Pd胶体溶液活化后的空心微球表面淀积了均匀、致密的金属Ni薄膜,该薄膜是由大小约100 nm的颗粒组成;而以[Ag(NH3)2]+溶液活化后的空心微球表面淀积的金属Ni薄膜,是由大小约1 μm的颗粒组成.并分析了这两种镀层形成的机理.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。