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1.
The seeds of the winged bean,Psophocarpus tetragonolobus L. were found to be rich in oil. The oil was examined for its iodine value, saponification value and fatty acid composition
by gas liquid chromatography. The value (area percent) for fatty acids as methyl esters were: 14∶0 (0.2%); 16∶0 (9.1%); 16∶1
(0.4%); 18∶0 (5.4%); 18∶1 (41.0%); 18∶2 (29.5%); 18∶3 (1.9%); 20∶0 (2.0%); 20∶1 and 18∶4 together (2.2%); 22∶0 (7.3%) and
24∶0 (1.0%). The iodine value (Wij solution) was 91. The oil contains an appreciable amount of unsaturated fatty acids, especially
linoleic 18∶2 (29.5%). The predominant saturated fatty acid is palmitic 16∶0 (9.1%). 相似文献
2.
The oil content and fatty acid composition of commercially important Turkish fish species (anchovy,Engraulis encrasicholus; freshwater rainbow trout,Salmo gairdneri; and cultured salmon,S. salar) were determined. Palmitic (16∶0), palmitoleic (16∶1), oleic (18∶1), and docosahexaenoic (22∶6) acids were the most abundant
fatty acids in all species. Eicosapentaenoic acid (20∶5) was twice as high in the anchovy oil as in the rainbow trout and
salmon oils. Significant quantities of linoleic acid (18∶2) and docosahexaenoic acids (22∶6) were found in both rainbow trout
and salmon samples. The individual fatty acid data obtained from rainbow trout and salmon were similar to each other. All
three fish species contain high levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and would be suitable for inclusion in the formulation
of low-fat highly unsaturated diets. 相似文献
3.
Cyclopropene fatty acids in some Malaysian edible seeds and nuts: I. Durian (Durio zibethinus,Murr.)
Shiv K. Berry 《Lipids》1980,15(6):452-455
The aril and seeds of the fruit Durian (Durio zibethinus, Murr.) were examined for their protein content and fatty acid composition by gas liquid chromatography (GLC). The values
(area percentage) for fatty acids as methyl esters were: aril=14∶0 (0.91%); 16∶0 (34.13%); 16∶1 (7.10%); 18∶0 (1.21%); 18∶1
(42.14%); 18∶2 (7.85%) and 18∶3 plus 20∶0 (5.69%), Seeds=14∶0 (0.12%); 16∶0 (12.20%); 16∶1 (1.15%); 18∶0 (1.42%); 18∶1 (8.42%);
18∶2 (6.50%); dihydrosterculic acid (2.52%); 18∶3 plus 20∶0 (11.30%); malvalic acid (15.72%); sterculic acid (38.53%) and
22∶0 (1.21%). The germ oil contained the highest amount of sterculic acid. The cooking temperatures employed reduced the malvalic
and sterculic acid contents in seeds only by ca. 22% and 19%, respectively. 相似文献
4.
The lipid class compositions of adult Pacific oysters [Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg)] were examined using latroscan thin-layer chromatography/flame-ionization detection (TLC/FID), and fatty acid
compositions determined by capillary gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The fatty acid methyl
esters were separated using argentation TLC and also analyzed as their 4,4-dimethyloxazoline derivatives using GC/MS. Major
esterified fatty acids inC. gigas were 16∶0, 20∶5n−3, and 22∶6n−3. C20 and C22 nonmethylene interrupted (NMI) fatty acids comprised 4.5 to 5.9% of the total fatty acids. The NMI trienoic fatty acid 22∶3(7,13,16) was also identified. Very little difference was found in the proportions of the various lipid classes, fatty acids or sterols
between samples of adult oysters of two different sizes. However, significant differences in some of the lipid components
were evident according to the method of sample preparation used prior to lipid extraction with solvents. Lyophilization (freeze
drying) of samples led to a significant reduction in the amounts of triacylglycerols (TG) extracted by solvents in two separate
experiments (7.0 and 52.5% extracted). Extracts from lyophilized samples had less 16∶0, C18 unsaturated fatty acids, and 24-ethylcholest-5-en-3β-ol, while C20 and C22 unsaturated fatty acids comprised a higher proportion of the total fatty acids. There was no significant change in the amounts
of polar lipids, total sterols, free fatty acids or hydrocarbons observed in extracts from lyophilized samples relative to
extracts from nonlyophilized samples. Addition of water to the freezedried samples prior to lipid extraction greatly improved
lipid yields and resulted in most of the TG being extracted. 相似文献
5.
Thirteen-day old rats were given intracranial injections of 1-14C linolenic acid (allcis 9,12,15 octa decatrienoic acid) and were sacrificed after 8 hr. Analysis of brain fatty acids showed that 16∶0, 18∶0, 18∶1,
18∶3, 20∶3, 20∶4, 20∶5, 22∶5, and 22∶6 were labeled. The total fatty acid methyl esters were separated into classes according
to degree of unsaturation on a AgNO3∶SiO2 impregnated plate. The bands were scraped off and the eluted fatty acids were first analyzed by radiogas liquid chromatography
and then subjected to reductive ozonolysis to determine double bond position. The saturated acids, 16∶0, and 18∶0, as well
as the mono-unsaturated 18∶1, must have been formed from radioactive acetate produced by β oxidation of the injected linolenate.
Among the polyunsaturated fatty acids, the triene fraction was characterized and identified as 18∶3 ε3 (Δ9,12,15), the starting material, and 20∶3 ω3 (Δ11,14,17); the tetraene fraction was identified as 20∶4 ω3 (Δ8,11,14,17); the pentaene fraction was identified as 20∶5 ω3 (Δ5,8,11,14,17) and 22∶5 ω3 (Δ7,10,13,16,19); and, finally, the hexaene fraction was shown to be 22∶6 ω3 (Δ4,7,10,13,16,19). The biosynthesis of these ω3 family fatty acids in the brain in situ is discussed. 相似文献
6.
Triacylglycerols of human milk: Rapid analysis by ammonia negative ion tandem mass spectrometry 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Human milk traicylglycerols (TAG) were analyzed by ammonia negative ion chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry. The
deprotonated molecular ions of triacylglycerols were fractionated at the first mass spectrometry (MS) stage. Twenty-nine of
the deprotonated TAG ions were further analyzed based on their collisionally activated (CA) spectra. The tandem MS analysis
covered eleven major acyl carbon number fractions, two of which contained odd carbon number fatty acids. Fatty acids of 28
different molecular weights were recorded from the daughter spectra. Hexadecanoic acid was present in all CA spectra, octadecenoic
acid in the CA spectra of all mono- and higher unsaturated TAG, and octadecadienoic acid in the CA spectra of all di- and
higher unsaturated TAG. The major fatty acid combinations in triacylglycerols were: with 0 double bonds (DB), 12∶0/12∶0/16∶0;
with 1 DB, 12∶0/16∶0/18∶1; with 2 DB, 16∶0/18∶1/18∶1; with 3 DB, 16∶0/18∶2/18∶1; with 4 DB, 18∶2/18∶1/18∶1; and with 5 DB,
18∶2/18∶2/18∶1; hexadecanoic acid typically occupied thesn-2 position. The most abundant TAG was shown to besn-18∶1–16∶0–18∶1, comprising about 10% of all triacylglycerols. 相似文献
7.
W. McLean Grogan 《Lipids》1984,19(5):341-346
Fatty acid methyl esters of long-chain polyenoic fatty acids (LCPA) from rat testis injected with [1-14C] arachidonate were analyzed and separated by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Earlier, all
previously identified LCPA were prepared in high purity along with 4 previously unidentified fatty acids, which were further
characterized by capillary gas chromatography (GC), catalytic hydrogenation and alkaline isomerization. Unidentified fatty
acids proved to be 26∶4, 26∶5, 28∶5 and 30∶5. All of these LCPA incorporated14C from arachidonate (20∶4) to specific activities that were comparable to that of 20∶4 and previously identified metabolites
of 20∶4 and much greater than specific activities of 18∶1n−9 or 22∶6n−3. LCPA were analyzed on a capillary GC system capable
of resolving knowncis-trans and positional isomers of the n−3, n−6, n−7 and n−9 families of unsaturated fatty acids. Log plots of isothermal retention
times and normal plots of temperature programmed retention times were linear (r=0.999) in carbon number when values for known
and previously unidentified LCPA of 4 or 5 double bonds, respectively, were coplotted. Thus, the newly identified fatty acids
belong to the n−6 family of fatty acids synthesized from arachidonic acid. 相似文献
8.
Cholesteryl ester hydrolase was assayed in adrenal homogenates from mature female rats fed a control (corn oil-containing)
or essential fatty acid (EFA)-deficient diet. Cholesteryl ester of 16∶0, 18∶0, 18∶1, 18∶2(n−6), 20∶4(n−6) and 22∶4(n−6) were
used as substrates. In control rats, the unsaturated esters were hydrolyzed more rapidly than the saturated esters and cholesteryl
arachidonate was the preferred substrate of the six investigated; cholesteryl oleate elicited the highest activity in the
deficient group. Polyunsaturated esters were hydrolyzed at a significantly lower rate by homogenates from EFA-deficient rats
than by those from control animals. The esters of 18∶1, 18∶2(n−6) and 20∶4(n−6) were hydrolyzed more extenstively in relation
to their concentrations in adrenal tissue than were cholesteryl esters of 16∶0, 18∶0 and 22∶4(n−6). This difference was more
pronounced in control than in EFA-deficient rats. No simple relationship of adrenal cholesteryl ester hydrolase activity to
ester fatty acid structure or to nutritional essentiality was evident. 相似文献
9.
Lipids were extracted from the roots and shoots of four species of theCapsicum (pepper) genus and separated into three fractions: triglycerides; free fatty acids, mono- and diglycerides; and phospholipids.
The component fatty acids were determined by subjecting the methyl esters to gasliquid chromatography. The predominate fatty
acids obtained were palmitic (16∶0) and linoleic (18∶2), with lesser amounts of linolenic (18∶3), stearic (18∶1), and oleic
(18∶0). Differences existed in the neutral lipid fractions which might be of value from taxonomic interests; however, the
phospholipids from each of the species and plant parts did not differ so greatly. A comparison of the amount of unsaturated
fatty acids in the phospholipid fractions indicates that differences exist which might be of value in determining the relative
sensitivity of the several species to chilling temperatures. 相似文献
10.
Two unusual lipid classes were detected by thin-layer chromatography in the neutral lipids derived from goat cauda-epididymal
sperm plasma membrane. The lipids were identified as wax esters and 1-O-alkyl-2,3-diacylglycerols based on chromatographic properties, identity of their hydrolysis products, and infrared/1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectral evidence. The membrane containedca. 3 and 5 μg/mg protein of wax esters and alkyldiacylglycerols, respectively. The relative proportions of wax esters and alkyldiacylglycerols
in the total neutral lipids were 1.5% and 2.4%, respectively. The lipids contained fatty acids with chain lengths of C14 to C22. The major fatty acids of the wax esters were 14∶0, 16∶0, 16∶1ω7, 18∶0 and 18∶1ω9. The fatty acids in alkyldiacylglycerol
were 16∶0, 18∶0, 22∶5ω3 and 22∶6ω3. Alkyldiacylglycerol was particularly rich in docosahexaenoic acid 22∶6ω3) representing
30% of the total fatty acids. The alcohols of wax ester were all saturated with C20–C29 carbon chains. The deacylated products derived from alkyldiacylglycerols were identified as hexadecyl, octadecyl and octadec-9′-enyl
glycerol ethers. 相似文献
11.
S. F. Herb Paul Magidman R. A. Barford R. W. Riemenschneider 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1963,40(3):83-85
Abstrat A fresh commercially rendered lard was separated into its component fatty acids by subjecting the methyl esters to gas-liquid
chromatography on nonpolar and polar columns. The lard methyl esters were first chromatographed on a silicone column. This
column achieved separation of the component esters principally on the basis of chain length, and fractions which were represented
by a single peak or series of peaks were collected. The collected fractions were then rechromatographed on an ethylene glycol
succinate polyester column to separate and identify the saturated and the unsaturated esters. Qualitative evidence was obtained
for the presence of 29 fatty acids ranging in chain length from 10 to 20 carbon atoms. Included were the esters of the following:
Satrated acids (10,12,14,15,16,17,18,19,20, and 22 C-atoms), monounsaturated acids (14,16,17,18,19, 20, and 22 C-atoms), and
polyunsturated acids (18∶2,20∶2,22∶2,18∶3,20∶3,22∶3,20∶4,22∶4,20∶5, and 22∶5).3. Peaks for several additional trace components were also observed.
Presented in part at the AOCS meeting, St. Louis, Mo., 1961.
Eastern Utiliz. Res. & Dev. Div. ARS, U.S.D.A. 相似文献
12.
Satyesh C. Pakrashi Pradeep K. Duffa Basudeb Achari Suniti Misra Amalesh Choudhury Subhashis Chattopadhyay Amitabha Ghosh 《Lipids》1989,24(5):443-447
Total lipids from hepatopancreas of the horseshoe crabs,Tachypleus gigas andCarcinoscorpius rotundicauda, obtained in 7.6 and 3.3% wet weight respective yields, were fractionated by various chromatographic techniques and identified
by gas-liquid chromatography and spectroscopic methods. Fatty acid-containing lipids were rich in 16∶0 (8.0–25%), 18∶1ω9 (6.9–22%)
and 18∶2ω6 (6.8–18.5%); appreciable amounts of 16∶1ω7, 18∶3ω3, 20∶5ω3 and 22∶6ω3 were also present. The level of 26∶0 in the
hydrocarbon fractions was unusually high (64 and 68%). Carbon chain lengths of major wax esters were 44, 46 and 48 forT. gigas and 38, 40 and 42 forC. rotundicauda. 1-O-Alkyl diglycerides were 7.2 and 9.1% of the total lipids in the two species and contained 14∶0(20%), 16∶0(60%) and 18∶0(20%)
alkyl chains along with a relatively higher percentage (32–35%) of saturated fatty acids. High levels of cholesterol (>50%
of total sterol) in the free and combined state were encountered in both samples, phospholipid contents being 40 and 35%,
respectively, and contained highest levels of unsaturated fatty acids. 相似文献
13.
Uptake and metabolism of saturated (16∶0, 18∶0) and unsaturated [18∶1(n−9), 18∶2(n−6), 18∶3(n−3)] fatty acids by cultured
epimastigotes ofTrypanosoma cruzi were studied. Between 17.5 and 33.5% of the total radioactivity of [1-14C]labeled fatty acids initially added to the culture medium was incorporated into the lipids ofT. cruzi and mostly choline and ethanolamine phospholipids. As demonstrated by argentation thin layer chromatography, gas liquid chromatography
and ozonolysis of the fatty acids synthesized, exogenous palmitic acid was elongated to stearic acid, and the latter was desaturated
to oleic acid and 18∶2 fatty acid. The 18∶2 fatty acid was tentatively identified as linoleic acid with the first bond in
the Δ9 position and the second bond toward the terminal methyl end. Exogenous stearic acid was also desaturated to oleic and
18∶2 fatty acid, while oleic acid was only converted into 18∶2. All of the saturated and unsaturated fatty acids investigated
were also converted to a small extent (2–4%) into polyunsaturated fatty acids. No radioactive aldehyde methyl ester fragments
of less than nine carbon atoms were detected after ozonolysis of any of the fatty acids studied. These results demonstrate
the existence of Δ9 and either Δ12 or Δ15 desaturases, or both, inT. cruzi and suggest that Δ6 desaturase or other desaturases of the animal type are likely absent in cultured forms of this organism. 相似文献
14.
A method combining data on fatty acid composition into subsets is used to illustrate general relative competitive selectivities
in the metabolic and transport events that maintain fatty acid compositions in tissue lipids and to minimize differences among
tissues or species in the amount of individual fatty acids. Fatty acid compositions of triglycerides and phospholipids in
several tissues of the rat were maintained with simple relationships between the exogenous n−3 and n−6 dietary polyunsaturated
fatty acids and the endogenous n−7 and n−9 types of fatty acid. The general pattern of fatty acids in triglycerides was similar
for liver, plasma and adipose tissue, averaging about 30% as saturated acids, 67% as 16- and 18-carbon unsaturated acids and
only about 2% as 20- and 22-carbon highly unsaturated acids. The tissues maintained a linear relationship between the amount
of 18-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids in the diet and in the tissue triglycerides, with the proportionality constant for
18∶3n−3 being 60% of that for 18∶2n−6. The total phospholipids of liver, plasma and red blood cells maintained about 45% of
the fatty acids in the form of saturated fatty acids and 20–30% as 20- and 22-carbon highly unsaturated fatty acids irrespective
of very different proportions of n−3, n−6 and n−9 types of fatty acids. In all three tissues, the 20-carbon highly unsaturated
fatty acids of the n−3, n−6 and n−9 type were maintained in a competitive hyperbolic relationship with apparent EC50 values for dietary 18∶2n−6 and 18∶3n−3 near 0.1% of dietary calories. The consistent quantitative relationships described
in this study illustrate an underlying principle of competition among fatty acids for a limited number of esterification sites.
This approach may be useful in predicting the influence of diet upon tissue levels of the substrates and antagonists of eicosanoid
biosynthesis. 相似文献
15.
The skin, skeleton and a fat-filled swim bladder of the orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus) each contained greater than 20% lipid by wet weight which was almost entirely wax esters. These had carbon numbers of 34–40
consistent with the major fatty acid being 18∶1 and the major fatty alcohols being 16∶0, 18∶1, 20∶1 and 22∶1. In contrast,
the liver and the roe contained appreciable quantities of glycerolipids with 18∶1 and 22∶6 as the major fatty acids. 相似文献
16.
The fatty acid composition of individual phospholipids in subcellular fractions of sheep platelets and the asymmetrical distribution
of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) fatty acyl chains across the plasma membrane were examined. The main fatty acids of total
lipid extracts were oleic (18∶1; 32–41%), linoleic (18∶2, 10–17%), stearic (18∶0; 13–15%), palmitic (16∶0; 11–15%) and arachidonic
(20∶4; 8–12%) acids, with a saturated/unsaturated ratio of about 0.4. Each phospholipid class had a distinct fatty acid pattern.
Sphingomyelin (SM) showed the highest degree of saturation (50%), with large proportions of behenic (22∶0), 18∶0 and 16∶0
acids. The main fatty acid in PE, phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) was 18∶1n−9. Our findings suggest that
fatty acids are asymmetrically distributed between thecholineversus the non-choline phospholipids, and also between plasma membranes and intracellular membranes. The transbilayer distribution
of PE fatty acids in plasma membranes from non-stimulated sheep platelets was investigated using trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid
(TNBS). A significant degree of asymmetry was found, which is a new observation in a non-polar cell. The PE molecules from
the inner monolayer contained higher amounts of 18∶2 and significantly less 18∶1 and 20∶5 than those found in the outer monolayer,
although no major differences were detected in the transbilayer distribution of total unsaturatedversus saturated PE acyl chains. 相似文献
17.
Milk triglycerides from the platypus were subjected to fatty acid and stereospecific analysis to determine the positional
distribution of fatty acids in the triglycerides. Of the major fatty acids, 12∶0 was preferentially esterified at thesn-3 position, 14∶0 and 16∶0 were selectively associated with thesn-2 position, and 18∶0 was located predominantly at thesn-1 position. The unsaturated fatty acids, 14∶1, 16∶1, 18∶1, 18∶2 and 18∶3, were preferentially esterified at thesn-3 position. The fatty acid distribution pattern of the platypus, a monotreme, is similar to that of marsupials and eutherians
but is in contrast to the only other extant monotreme, the echidna. 相似文献
18.
Steers were given diets containing formaldehyde-treated casein-safflower oil supplements, in which the constituent 18∶2 was
protected from ruminal hydrogenation. A similar group was given unsupplemented diets. The fatty acid compositions of plasma,
liver, muscle and adipose tissue lipids were determined in both groups of cattle after 0, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of experimentation.
The proportion of 18∶2 in the triglycerides was markedly increased on feeding the supplement and the rate of incorporation
into the plasma triglycerides was higher than that in the triglycerides of muscle and adipose tissue. Associated with this
increase there were compensatory decreases in the proportions of 16∶0 and 18∶1 but no consistent change in the proportion
of 18∶0. The proportion of 18∶2 in the plasma phospholipids and cholesteryl esters was initially much higher than in the triglycerides
and this was further increased by feeding the safflower oil supplement. A linear relationship existed between the proportion
of 18∶2 in the phospholipids and cholesteryl esters of plasma. The supplement also caused substantial increases in the proportion
of 18∶2, both in phospholipids from liver and muscle and in cholesteryl esters from liver, and there were compensatory decreases
in the proportions of other unsaturated fatty acids, e.g., 18∶1, 18∶3, 22∶6. These studies demonstrate that when ruminal hydrogenation
was circumvented by feeding formaldehyde-treated casein-safflower oil particles, the linoleic acid was absorbed and the pattern
of incorporation into plasma and tissue lipids was similar to that in nonruminants. 相似文献
19.
The seed oil ofEuphoria longana, Sapindaceae, contains 17.4% of 9,10-methyleneoctadecanoic (dihydrosterculic) acid. This identification is based on information
from thin layer chromatography, infrared analysis, gas liquid chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectroscopy.
Since GLC of the oil showed components that emerged between the usual triglycerides, the cyclopropanoid acid is apparently
a triglyceride constituent. The presence of smaller amounts, less than 1%, of cyclopropanoid fatty acids of different chain
lengths is indicated by GLC and TLC analyses of the methyl esters. The other major fatty acids in this oil are: 16∶0 (19%),
18∶0 (7%), 18∶1 (36%), 18∶2 (6%), 18∶3 (5%) and 20∶0 (4%).Euphoria oil contains considerably larger amounts of cyclopropanoid fatty acids than previously reported in other seed oils.
Presented at the AOCS-AACC Joint Meeting, Washington, D.C., April 1968.
No. Utiliz. Res. Dev. Div.; ARS, USDA. 相似文献
20.
An easy method of obtaining pure fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) of tetracosa mono- and dienoic acids (24∶1, 24∶2) using thin
layer chromatography (TLC) is described. The total lipids isolated from rat erythrocytes were treated with methanolic-NaOH.
Sphingomyelin was unaffected by this treatment and was separated from FAME of glycerolipids and cholesterol by TLC. FAME of
sphingomyelin were then prepared by acid methanolysis. These esters migrated into 2 distinct bands on TLC. The slow moving
band contained FAME of 16∶0, 16∶1, 18∶0, 18∶1, 19∶0 and 20∶0 whereas the fast moving band contained FAME of 22∶0, 23∶0, 24∶0,
24∶1 and 24∶2. After AgNO3-TLC, the FAME of the fast moving band separated into 3 species; esters of saturated acids, 24∶1 and 24∶2, respectively. With
erythrocyte lipids of rats fed a fat-free diet and injected with14C-18∶1, this method yielded14C-24∶1. From rats injected with14C-18∶2 and maintained on a corn oil diet,14C-24∶2 was obtained.
Presented at the ISF-AOCS Congress, April 27–May 1, 1980, New York City. 相似文献