基于分散式风电的集控方案设计与实施

以国内首个采用分散式接入方式的国家示范项目"中广核哈密地区69MW风电场"为例,系统阐述了针对该类风电场的集控方案的设计与实施。分散式风场的集控系统方案设计功能包括:开关站运行的实时监控、风机运行的实时监控、风场的实时视频监控、风功率预测、风电AGC、风电AVC等。系统投运后,实现了风电场的无人值守,提高了风电运行管理水平,也为分散式风场的发展起到了示范作用。     

直驱与双馈风机技术流派对比分析

当前,随着我国风电行业的发展壮大,国产风电技术装备行业也取得长足进步,风电设备国产化程度日益提高引起了项目工程造价持续降低,因此,风机选型对于保障风场运行安全及降低维修成本起到至关重要的作用.直驱与双馈风机技术流派分别具有各自特点,将对我国风电产业发展起到重要影响作用.     

大规模非并网风电产业体系研究

大规模非并网风电的应用,是一条探索风电多元化发展之路。建设大规模非并网风电产业体系,是风电多元化发展的重要环节。非并网风电产业体系的构建,是以"非并网风电理论"为依据、以风能富集区的大规模风电场建设和运营为重点,涵盖其前向关联度大的风电设备零部件研发和制造、风机组装、电控系统等产业,后向关联度大的有色金属冶金、盐化工、大规模海水淡化、规模化制氢制氧等高耗能产业,以及侧向关联度大的风机运营维护、风电场观光旅游、风电项目投融资管理、金融保险等产业,构成可涉及三次产业、多方位、多产业链交织的现代综合产业网络体系。     

层级流程化的风电生产集控管理模式

世界能源结构的调整使绿色新能源得以快速发展,其中风电产业发展迅速。风电的特点是风场分散,单位配电站容量小,风场数量众多。现有的风电生产管理是各自管各自的,造成人员众多、专业人员少、职责重叠、信息不能共享等问题。对于一个集团化的风电产业更为严重。本文以集团化风电生产管理为基础,建立了层级流程化的风电生产集控管理模式,分层级管理、权限管理、建立技术支持平台、信息共享、流程化管理,有效地解决了现有风电生产管理问题。     

对我国风电发展战略及政策措施的思考

1全球风电设备制造技术和发展规模突飞猛进尽管全球风力发电发展历史不长,但在过去20多年的时间内,已取得了长足的进步。首先,风力发电机组制造技术发展日新月异。20世纪80年代初,全球已开发成功55kW风电机组;到了1985年则开发出110kW机组;进入90年代,出现了250kW机组;90年代中期又有600kW风机,现在MW级风机已广泛分布在全球的大多数风场。目前商业化运行风机单机容量已达到2500kW。丹麦是全球风电设备制造最主要国家之一,其风电设备制造商销售的风机单机平均容量2000年为861kW,2001年已经达到944kW。随着世界风电向海上风场建设方向发…     

维斯塔斯重返海南，再添48MW风电25载可靠业绩再获客户肯定

2011年12月02日，维斯塔斯和客户签订了一份48MW的风机新订单，包括24台高性能的V90—2．0MW风机，这些风机将被安装于海南省东方市高排村项目风场。此订单使维斯塔斯进一步立足海南风电发展。截至2011年6月30日，海南全省已建成风电项目装机容量约为240MW，其中维斯塔斯供应的风机占据了海南省风电总体装机容量...     

问责风机脱网

一起风电脱网事故,引发一场行业大讨论,电网企业、风电场、风机制造商却在互相推诿。4月初,国家电监会发布甘肃酒泉风机大规模脱网事故的通报,自此,一场遍及整个风电行业的问责声四起。风机制造商、风电场、电网企业均未能幸免。到底谁的责任？电监会是这样定论的：事故发生主要由风电设备、风场管理、电网接入以及运行安全监管等四方面问题导致。     

发展风电要有大思考

2006年以来,我国风电装机总量持续攀升,已成为全球风电累计装机量最高的国家。与此同时,我国的风电利用率并不高,弃风现象频发,电网建设和市场开发明显落后于产能的快速增长。本文通过回顾我国风电行业快速发展的情况,分析风电行业发展存在的问题,指出发展风电行业必须要有大思考,要以提高风电利用率为出发点,系统谋划涉及风电机组(零部件)制造、电站建设(风电机组安装、发电)和输配消费等于一体的"大风电"产业发展,统筹发展产业链与创新链。     

风电产业发展年度报告

2010年对于我国风电产业而言,是极具里程碑意义的一年:作为"十一五"的最后一年,经过近五年时间的大发展,我国风电装机在"十二五"到来之前终于超过美国跃居世界第一;我国风电技术进入了国际先进行列,各类型风机均可实现国产化,大容量机组相继出现;风电产业高度市场化,国有、民营、外资企业共同发展,独资、合资多种     

欧盟风电产业的发展及对我国的启示

欧洲风电发展取得了很大的成就,建立了世界最大的风电市场和产业,制定和实施了有效的支持政策,促进了风电技术的迅速发展和成本的持续下降,风电开始在欧洲成为主要的替代能源.文章介绍了欧洲风电技术、产业和市场发展状况及趋势;实施强制上网、价格激励、税收优惠、资源普查、电网建设等政策的经验,提出了我国具有世界最重要的风电潜在市场,应该借鉴欧洲经验,加快在完善价格体系、风机标准化和检测、资源普查、电网建设等方面的工作步伐,支持我国风电产业的发展.     

Decarbonising power generation in China—Is the answer blowing in the wind?

This paper examines the current situation of wind industry development, evaluates the potentials of GHG mitigation and identifies the key determinants of scaling up wind power deployment in China. China has doubled its wind capacity every year for the past 4 years, the total installed capacity reached 12 Gigawatts (GW) and surpassed the 10-GW target 2 years ahead of schedule in the national plan for renewable energy development [38], [71], [87],and would reach 100–120 GW by 2020 according to the government’s new energy plan. It may become the biggest wind power generation and wind turbines manufacturing country of the world in the next years if the abundant wind resources and enormous domestic market can be harnessed with appropriate policies and efficient technology. The recent positive move in vigorous development of wind power in China implies that the total installed capacity will far exceed the targets of the government’s 2007 renewable energy plan. However, the prosperous Chinese wind market has also revealed some worrisome signals and weakness [28], [58], such as low capacity factor and frequent outage of wind farms, inadequate grid infrastructure, long distance transmission, low quality of turbines, adverse price bidding, nepotism in wind farm developer selection process and regulatory uncertainty and policy inconsistency which all conspire to hinder effective power generation in the massively new installed wind capacities. A coherent policy framework is required for creating enabling environment for accelerating wind energy penetration and state-of-art technology deployment in the country. It is argued that institutional, financial and technical capacity will need to be cemented to exploit the huge potentials of wind resources to meet the rapidly growing demand for electricity in China in the coming decades with minimised environmental implications.     

中国风电发展目标分析与展望

我国风能资源合理开发利用和风电产业健康发展需要科学合理可行的发展目标做引导。本文提出了制定风电发展目标的基本原则与出发点,对现有的国家风电发展目标做了分析,认为国家规划的风电目标过低,已建和在建风电项目装机容量比到2010年的国家规划目标翻了一番,各省风电规划目标高低不一,总体偏高,且有目标攀比现象。进而采用累加值法、本地增长率法、类比增长率法、GM(1,1)模型法等多方法预测得到我国风电发展的科学目标,即到2010年我国风电装机容量达到1633万kW,到2015年达到4172万kW,到2020年达到10021万kW,占全国同期电力总装机容量的8.35%。预测趋势表明,我国风电正在进入加速发展阶段,到2020年我国风电装机容量将占到全球风电总装机容量的8.15%,风电发展将实现由风能资源大国向风电市场和产业强国的转变。     

Wind power potential of Baja California Sur, México

This work is an analysis of wind characteristics of Baja California Sur (BCS), México, during the period from February 1997 to February 1998. Fifteen wind stations located in the eastern coastal area recorded the wind speed and wind direction for this region. The wind resources of BCS were recorded and the annual average wind speed, power density, and annual energy density at 10 m above ground level are presented here.We considered the wind data from El Cardón, BCS, as a case study. This location can be considered to be representative of the 15 wind stations that were installed in BCS. Using the Weibull probability density function, we estimated the wind energy output and the capacity factor for two different wind turbines during the year. The capacity factors for both wind turbines were estimated at close to 25%. Considering the wind energy output and the capacity factor, we estimated the levelized production costs for both wind turbines. Taking into account two different discount rates of 7% and 10%, we developed data for the levelized production cost of both wind turbines.     

风力资源利用与新能源产业发展——基于玉门市产业转型和新能源基地建设考察

由于能源供应紧张和气候变化等因素影响,风力资源利用正受到全球性的广泛关注和热情实践。2009年全球风电装机容量新增3750×104kW,总装机容量达到1.58×108kW,同比增长31%;预计2020年全球风电装机将达到12.31×108kW,年装机达到1.5×108kW,风力发电量将占全球发电总量的12%。至2009年,中国风电装机容量累计达2600×104kW,预计到2020年风电占全国电力总装机容量的比例将达到10%左右。发展以风电、光电等可再生能源为主的新能源产业,是应对金融危机的有效途径,同时也是能源结构调整的必然选择。玉门市可供开发利用的风能资源储量在2000×104kW以上,全国首座千万千瓦级风电基地一期工程已在玉门开工奠基,为建设风、光、火、核互补的新能源基地创造了有利条件,但同时调峰电源、输出电网、电量消纳等问题也制约着其风电产业的健康快速发展。从全国情况看,存在风电产业成长与电网建设不协调、风电技术研发和设备制造能力不强、配套政策不完善等问题。建议国家应强化政策支持,把风电及其配套产业纳入国民经济发展规划统筹考虑,加大对技术研发的支持力度。     

Contents

In India, grid connected wind power generation has gained a high level of attention and acceptability as compared to other renewable technologies available in the country. Wind energy installation in the country is around 1340 MW as of March 2001 and around 6.75 billion units of electricity have been fed to the state grids so far. India had undertaken one of the world's largest efforts for wind resource assessment, a program that covers 25 states comprising about 900 stations. The study has indicated a gross wind potential of around 45000 MW and the technical potential is currently estimated at 13000 MW. A notable feature of the Indian wind energy program has been the interest evinced by private investors/developers in setting up commercial wind power projects. A capacity of 1250 MW of commercial wind power projects has so far been installed, mainly in Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, and Karnataka. The largest installation of wind turbines in the country so far is in the Muppandal and Perungudi area near Kanyakumari in Tamil Nadu with an aggregate installed capacity of about 500 MW. This represents one of the largest concentrations of wind farm capacity at any particular location. State-of-the-art technology is now available in India for manufacturing wind turbines of capacity up to 750 kW. Presently about 12 manufacturers are engaged in the production of wind electric generators. The annual production capacity of the domestic wind turbine industry is around 500 MW at present.     

Wind generates power for 35 million people

Wind turbines around the world generate enough electricity for 35 million people, according to the Worldwatch Institute. The use of renewables has ignored a lagging world economy and has experienced an “unprecedented surge” in growth in recent years, says the research group. More wind capacity is installed each year than nuclear, and the technology is “closing in rapidly” on hydroelectric power. “Wind power is the first renewable energy source to enter the mainstream,” president Christopher Flavin told the American Council for Renewable Energy. Sales of turbines generated US$7 billion last year and claims 100,000 jobs. Solar cells are nine years behind wind energy in terms of installed capacity, and growing at 24% each year. Annual production of solar power systems has grown 150% in the past three years, ahead of the 78% growth in wind, and “have even greater potential than wind energy because they can be placed almost anywhere.”This is a short news story only. Visit www.re-focus.net for the latest renewable energy industry news.     

陕西省金润河北镇风电场风能资源开发评估

对陕西省宝鸡市陇县金润河北镇风电场气象条件、风功率密度、平均风速、主导风向等风能参数进行分析评价。结果表明,测风塔100 m高度月平均风速、月平均风功率密度最大均出现在4月,最小均出现在8月;测风塔100 m高度主导风向为SSW(南西南),主要风能方向为SSW(南西南),风电场风功率密度等级为1级。风电场安装20台2500 kW的风电机组,装机容量50 MW,年设计发电量1.33485×108 kW·h,年出厂电量9.5426×107 kW·h。结果可为其他风电场选址和发电量估算提供参考。     

Offshore wind development in China and its future with the existing renewable policy

Based on independent studies, this paper focuses on the significant discrepancy of 15 GW between the installed onshore wind generation capacity and what has been actually connected to the power network to reveal the challenges in meeting the Chinese renewable energy target. The recent accidents in Chinese North-Western transmission network (in February–April, 2011) demonstrated the urgent need for a fundamental review of the Chinese renewable energy policy. Offshore wind has been identified as the most feasible alternative to onshore wind to help deliver electricity to Eastern China during the summer peak time. By investigating and summarizing first hand experiences of participation in the Chinese renewable market, the authors provide the economic figures of the first cohort of Chinese offshore wind schemes. Large state owned enterprises (SOE) are dominating the offshore wind development, repeating their previous practices on the land. While this paper acknowledges the critical role of offshore wind generation in meeting Chinese renewable energy targets, it envisages an installed offshore capacity of approximately 2000 MW by 2015, much less than the 10000 MW governmental estimation, which can be attributed to the lack of detailed energy policy, network constraints, offshore wind installation difficulties and quality issues in the manufacture of turbines.     

Review on wind power development and relevant policies in China during the 11th Five-Year-Plan period

Since 2005, there has been dramatic progress in China's wind power industry. The annual growth rate of newly constructed capacity reached a miracle of 105% and the total installed capacity has increased from 1.27 GW in 2005 to 44.73 GW in 2010, which has exceeded the target of China's energy long-term planning for 2020. During the 11th Five-Year-Plan (FYP), the Chinese government has issued a series of polices to promote and regulate the development of wind power industry, which is the underlying force driving its rapid development. This paper is a systematical review on the current status and policies of wind power industry in China. Firstly the current status including achievements and shortcomings is presented, and then the relevant polices and regulations released during the period of 11th FYP are reviewed. Meanwhile, the main approaches of the policies and regulations in promoting the development of wind power industry are discussed and the issues of the current policies are analyzed. Finally, the paper concludes on the perspectives of wind power policies in China.     

Climate change drives wind turbines

The development and prospects for wind power resources, technologies, investment, financing and banking, incentive policies, and operation and maintenance have become popular issues in wind power industry. An exhibition in May 2007 in Milan, Italy (EWEC 2007), with 229 stands on wind power technologies and techniques coinciding with the Conference, confirmed the popularity of these issues. Governments, International organisations, NGOs, universities, research institutions, and private sector are all paying attention to these issues. Developing countries, China and India in particular, are playing an increasingly important role in developing wind power. The EWEC 2007 confirmed that wind energy will make a substantial contribution to achieving the European Council's recently adopted target: 20% of EU energy consumption coming from renewables by 2020. The Chinese government also announced its new wind power development target: additional installation of new capacity of 5 GW in 2010 and 30 GW in 2020. It is evident that more and more wind turbines in both developed and developing countries will be driven by climate change.