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综述了近十年来聚苯胺导电高分子及其复合物气敏材料的研究进展。重点介绍了纳米结构聚苯胺、聚苯胺与有机高分子复合材料、聚苯胺与纳米结构无机半导体或金属等复合材料的气敏响应特性及敏感机理。讨论了影响聚苯胺基纳米复合材料气敏性能的主要因素,包括复合材料的纳米结构、制备工艺,以及有机高分子,无机半导体及金属等复合材料和检测气体的性质等,提出这类高分子复合气敏材料今后发展的趋势与前景。 相似文献
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对高分子采用高压处理是一种有效的合成工艺和改性手段。本文介绍了聚苯胺高压下的合成方法,对聚苯胺高压下的形貌、结构、电学性质进行了总结,并用能带结构进行了分析。最后,阐述了聚苯胺在高压下的应用。 相似文献
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聚苯胺防腐蚀涂料的研制及其性能 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
聚苯胺涂料具有优异的防腐蚀性能,目前,对它的开发已成为高分子导电材料应用和研究的新热点.为此,制备了本征态聚苯胺质量分数为0,1.5%,3.0%,5.0%,7.0%,10.0%的聚苯胺/环氧防腐蚀涂层,通过Tafel极化曲线及盐雾试验对比了其防腐蚀性能,并运用环境扫描电镜(SEM)观察了涂层的表面微观形貌.结果表明:聚苯胺含量对涂层的防腐蚀性能有较大影响,当涂层中聚苯胺含量较低时,随着聚苯胺在涂层中质量分数的增加,涂层的防腐蚀性能相应提高;随涂层中聚苯胺质量分数的进一步增大,涂层的防腐蚀效果开始下降;涂层中聚苯胺含量为5.0%时具有最佳的防腐蚀性能. 相似文献
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《Composites Part A》2007,38(2):609-614
Conductive composite fabrics were prepared by chemical polymerization of aniline on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fabrics in the aqueous hydrochloride acid solutions using potassium dichromate as the oxidant. The effect of the polymerization conditions such as temperature, oxidant, aniline and hydrochloride acid concentrations was investigated on the electrical surface resistance and polyaniline (PAn) content of PAn/PET composite fabrics. The maximum PAn content and the lower electrical resistance of composite fabrics were observed at the HCl concentrations of 0.25 M and 1.5 M, respectively. The electrical surface resistance of the PAn/PET composite fabrics was decreased under vacuum five-fold more than the ones kept under in air. The properties of PAn/PET composite fabrics such as density, diameter and moisture regain were also investigated in comparison with the those of pure PET. The conductive composite fabrics were characterized by surface resistance, FTIR and TGA techniques. 相似文献
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Polyaniline (PAn) sensitized nanocrystalline TiO2 composite photocatalyst (PAn/TiO2) with high activity and easy separation was facilely prepared by in situ chemical oxidation of aniline from the surfaces
of the TiO2 nanoparticles. The morphology, structure, and light absorption properties of composite photocatalyst were examined in term
of its application to photocatalysis. The photocatalytic activity of PAn/TiO2 nanocomposites for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) aqueous solution was investigated and compared with pure TiO2. The spectra analyses illustrated that, when PAn deposited on the surface of TiO2, the crystalline behavior of PAn was hampered and the degree of crystallinity decreased, and the characteristic peaks of
the PAn were shifted indicating that there was a strong interaction between PAn and TiO2 nanoparticles. PAn was able to sensitize TiO2 efficiently and the composite photocatalyst could be activated by absorbing both the ultraviolet and visible light (λ = 190–800 nm), whereas pure TiO2 absorbed ultraviolet light only (λ < 400 nm). Photocatalytic experiments showed that under natural light irradiation, MB could be degraded more efficiently
on the PAn/TiO2 than on the pure TiO2, due to the charge transfer from PAn to TiO2 and efficient separation of e−-h+ pairs on the interface of PAn and TiO2 in the excited state. More significantly, the PAn/TiO2 composite photocatalyst exhibited easy separation and less deactivation after several runs. The advantages of the obtained
PAn/TiO2 composite photocatalyst revealed its great practical potential in wastewater treatment. 相似文献
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聚苯胺(PAn)作为电流变材料具有响应快、屈服应力大的特点,但因其良好的导电性能导致漏电击穿现象发生,为了进一步增加PAn的悬浮稳定性,引入了粉煤灰漂珠(FAFB),BaTiO_3作为经典的电介质材料也引入其中以进一步提高材料的介电性能。采用逐层包覆的思路,利用溶胶-凝胶法在漂珠表面包覆BaTiO_3,获得FAFB@BaTiO_3,再利用原位聚合法制备以FAFB@BaTiO_3为核、PAn为壳的结构复合材料即FAFB@BaTiO_3@PAn。利用FTIR、XRD和SEM对材料的结构与形貌进行分析,借助四探针技术和LCR数字电桥对材料的导电与介电性能进行分析,利用自组装电流变仪进行了电流变特性测试,考察了7d内的悬浮稳定性能。结果表明:BaTiO_3、PAn确实发生了逐层包覆,且电导率、介电常数、介电损耗和剪切应力均符合复合效应规律,介于PAn与FAFB@BaTiO_3之间,其中,剪切应力可达675Pa(电场强度为3.0kV/mm);漏电现象得到缓解,击穿电压提高了20%;比较悬浮稳定性发现,7d后FAFB@BaTiO_3@PAn悬浮率仍为82%。 相似文献
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酸掺杂聚苯胺表面接枝丙烯酸的结构与性能 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
将化学氧化法制备的酸掺杂聚苯胺(PAN)压制成片,直接或经过氩气辉光放电等离子体处理后,在溶液中以过硫酸氨为引发剂接枝共聚丙烯酸(AA)。考察了有关实验条件的诸因素对妆枝共聚的影响。并通过反射IR、SEM和XPS分析了拉枝表面的结构和形态。结果表明,在过硫酸氨的引发作用下,AA能在酸掺杂的PAN表面发生接枝共聚反应,而经过氩气辉光放电处理后的而志电率则随之下降。SEM照片显示PAN表面接枝的AA呈 相似文献
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电子型/离子型导电高分子共混物 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
用苯胺在酸性水溶液中的进行化学氧化聚合合成了能溶于N-甲基吡咯烷酮的高分子量聚苯胺(PAn),并用这种PAn与一种高分子固态离子导体--聚乙二醇聚醚氨酯脲(PEUU)和LiClO4的复合物(PEUU-LiClO4)进行溶液共混制得了具有电子型/离子型两种导电功能的新型高分子共混物。用差示扫描量热法、动态粘弹仪、应力-应变试验、四探针法和交流阻抗谱对这种高分子共混物进行研究。实验结果表明,上述PAn 相似文献
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聚苯胺/氧化石墨的合成及其在DNA识别上的应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用层离/吸附和原位聚合相结合的方法合成了聚苯胺/氧化石墨复合材料(PAn/GO).利用TEM、AFM、XRD、FTIR等方法对PAn/GO的结构和电化学性能进行了研究.以PAn/GO修饰炭糊电极为工作电极,采用方波伏安法(SWV)检测了单链小牛胸腺DNA(CTssDNA)和双链小牛胸腺DNA(CTdsDNA).研究结果表明:PAn/GO为当量直径约60 nm~70 nm的扁球状纳米颗粒,这些纳米颗粒呈链状聚集,并具有电化学活性;聚苯胺(PAn)以双层平行排列的方式嵌入氧化石墨层间和包覆在氧化石墨表面两种形式与氧化石墨结合;PAn/GO修饰炭糊电极识别单链小牛胸腺DNA(CTssDNA)和双链小牛胸腺DNA(CTdsDNA)时的峰电位分别为90.99 mV和18.00 mV. 相似文献
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采用循环伏安法在活性炭电极(AC)表面合成导电聚苯胺,得到聚苯胺修饰活性炭复合电极(PAn/AC),通过循环伏安(CV)、恒流充放电技术研究了电极的电容特性,并计算了其等效串联电阻。结果表明,在硫酸溶液中,复合电极呈现较好的电容特性,复合电极的比电容能达到545F/g,比纯活性炭电极的306F/g提高了78%,不同放电电流密度下求出的比电容比纯活性炭电极平均提高了89%,且复合电极的ESR比AC电极稍小。 相似文献