结合Hilbert扫描的DCT域鲁棒公开水印算法

提出了一种新的基于 DCT的鲁棒公开水印算法 .算法首先将原图像各 8× 8DCT块按 Hilbert扫描顺序排列 ,然后每次伪随机选取两个在 Hilbert块索引序列中相邻的 8× 8块 ,通过调整两相邻块中对应低频系数间的大小关系 ,以嵌入水印信号 ,算法充分考虑了人类视觉系统屏蔽特性 ,嵌入水印与原图像是自适应的 .实验结果表明 ,该算法能较好地保证水印的不可见性 ,同时对常见的信号处理操作和剪切、旋转与缩放等几何扭曲是鲁棒的 ,特别是对锐化、对比度增强、边缘增强和直方图均衡等信号增强处理和 JPEG有损压缩其鲁棒性更好     

一种新的基于内容的公开水印技术

提出了一种新的基于内容的DCT域公开水印算法。通过调整Hilbert块索引序列两相邻分块中对应的中频系数的大小关系．将水印嵌入原始图像。实验表明，该技术充分考虑了人类视觉系统的屏蔽特性，嵌入水印与原始图像是自适应的．能较好的保证水印的不可觉察性；同时对常见的信号处理技术以及剪切、旋转与缩放等几何变换具有鲁棒性，尤其对锐化、对比度增强；边缘增强和直方图均衡等信号增强处理具有的鲁棒性更为可观。     

一种新的基于内容的公开水印技术

提出了一种新的基于内容的DCT域公开水印算法。通过调整Hilbert块索引序列两相邻分块中对应的中频系数的大小关系,将水印嵌入原始图像。实验表明,该技术充分考虑了人类视觉系统的屏蔽特性,嵌入水印与原始图像是自适应的,能较好的保证水印的不可觉察性;同时对常见的信号处理技术以及剪切、旋转与缩放等几何变换具有鲁棒性,尤其对锐化、对比度增强、边缘增强和直方图均衡等信号增强处理具有的鲁棒性更为可观。     

基于DCT域的自适应二维数字水印系统

本文提出了一个以图像为水印的DCT域二维自适应数字水印算法。为实现水印图像的叠加 ,我们首先将其进行 8× 8分块并进行DCT变换 ,然后对每块的DCT系数进行调整 ,最后 ,取出每块的部分低频系数构成水印信号。为了实现自适应 ,首先将原始图像按 8× 8分块并利用视觉掩蔽特性对图像块进行分类 ,然后对每块进行DCT变换 ,根据块分类结果 ,水印信号以不同强度嵌入到图像块的DCT低频系数中。实验结果表明 ,该算法具有较好的鲁棒性。     

小波域鲁棒自适应公开水印技术

先前众多的DWT(discrete wavelet transform)域水印算法几乎都是私有水印或易脆水印,而针对版权保护的鲁棒的、公开的小波域水印算法却极少.在充分考虑人类视觉系统掩蔽特性的基础上,首先给出基于图像分块的临界噪声阈值矩阵JND(just noticed difference),进而提出了一种基于DWT的鲁棒公开水印技术.算法首先把原图像各8(8块按Hilbert扫描顺序排列,然后在原图像分块的Hilbert序列中选取两相邻块分别进行一层DWT,再结合各分块JND阈值,通过不同强度地调整两相邻块各对应细节子带均值之间的大小关系以自适应地嵌入水印.嵌入水印具有很好的透明性,水印嵌入强度是与原图像特征相自适应的.同时,水印的提取无须求助于原图像.此外,实验结果也证明,该算法对常见图像处理操作、有损压缩和裁剪、挤压、像素移位等几何变换有较高的鲁棒性,特别是信号增强操作处理几乎不影响水印的正确提取,所以该算法是有效和实用的.     

一种DCT域图象自适应公开水印技术

本文提出了一种基于DCT的图象自适应公开水印算法。该算法结合人类视觉系统屏蔽特性，通过不同强度地调整各8×8 DCT块内两个相邻中频系数间的大小关系，以自适应嵌入水印信号，真正实现了盲水印提取，且视觉因子的计算在空域内进行，算法复杂度低。实验结果表明该算法是有效的．在确保水印不可见的同时，对常见图象处理操作和一
些几何扭曲有较好的鲁棒性。     

结合DCT域掩膜和Zernike矩的自适应鲁棒水印算法

水印的鲁棒性和不可见性常常存在矛盾,为了权衡二者,提出了一种新的自适应鲁棒水印算法。利用人类视觉掩蔽特性生成原始图像对应的DCT域掩膜,再结合其值通过不同强度地调整各8×8 DCT块内一对中频系数间的大小关系来自适应的嵌入水印,提取水印时,利用Zernike矩方法进行几何校正来抵抗几何攻击。实验结果表明,该算法很好地解决了水印鲁棒性和不可见性之间的矛盾,对常见几何攻击和常规信号处理攻击具有很好的鲁棒性。     

一种基于块分类的图像水印算法

一种采用可视模板作为水印信号,利用人的视觉系统特性将图像块进行分类,通过在不同类图像块DCT域中修改中频系数来嵌入不同强度水印的算法。     

基于鲁棒图像水印的文本信息加密技术

通过利用一个新视觉模型计算图像分块的临界噪声阈值矩JND阵,提出了一个基于分块DWT的图像自适应公开水印技术的文本信息加密算法。该算法以一个文本文件为水印,先对文本文件进行Reed-Solomon纠错编码,再转换为二值序列作为水印,并进行随机置乱。然后在原图像8×8分块的Hilbert扫描序列中选取两相邻块分别进行一层DWT,再根据各分块JND阈值,不同强度地调整两相邻块各对应细节子带均值之间的大小关系以自适应地嵌入水印。实验结果表明,即使在较低的峰值信噪比下嵌入水印也具有很好的透明性,同时,该算法对16种常见图像攻击有较高的鲁棒性,特别是信号增强操作处理几乎不影响加密信息的正确提取。     

一种新算法在图像信息隐藏中的应用

在研究人类视觉特性和DCT变换的基础上,提出了一种基于图像DCT域的分块自适应隐藏算法.算法将经过幻方置乱的秘密图像转换为一维二进制流,并根据人类视觉特性将随机间隔法选择的载体图像子块分成三类,再分别采用不同的嵌入策略把秘密信息嵌入到子块中.对平滑块是通过调整两个量化系数相同的中频DCT系数的相对大小,来完成秘密信息的...     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.