基于CMM的中小软件企业过程改进实施方案研究

随着软件工程化进程的推进,各种过程改进模型和方法层出不穷。针对如何将软件能力成熟度模型CMM与我国中小型软件组织相融合这一问题,对CMM中的各关键实践进行了裁剪和重定位。结合软件开发的迭代增量模型,将软件开发过程分为先启阶段、精化阶段、构造阶段和产品提交等阶段,并将需求管理、项目规划管理和项目监控等管理活动与软件开发过程相结合,提出了一种基于CMM模型的适合国内中小型企业的过程改进方案,实践证明了此方案的可行性及经济性。     

软件开发技术

软件工程是一门年轻的学科,虽然软件开发模型和结构化方法等技术在70年代广为流行,但这些技术还需要进一步研究的问题,并且有些实际问题有待解决;另一方面,软件工程又是一门迅速发展更新的学科,新观点、新技术和新方法近年来层出不穷。当前,软件过程研究及企业软件开发过程改善已经成为与技术研究同等重要的课题。一个基本的共识是：软件过程的改善和软件模式的应用两方面的无缝结合将是软件工程发展的主流,同时也是解决软件危机的主要途径。     

软件开发技术

软件工程是一门年轻的学科,虽然软件开发模型和结构化方法等技术在70年代广为流行,但这些技术还需要进一步研究的问题,并且有些实际问题有待解决;另一方面,软件工程又是一门迅速发展更新的学科,新观点、新技术和新方法近年来层出不穷。当前,软件过程研究及企业软件开发过程改善已经成为与技术研究同等重要的课题。一个基本的共识是:软件过程的改善和软件模式的应用两方面的无缝结合将是软件工程发展的主流,同时也是解决软件危机的主要途径。     

浅析中小型软件企业如何运用CMM进行过程改进

对我国中小型软件企业而言,引入能力成熟度模型CMM改进软件过程是保证软件产品质量的关键,是适应市场激烈竞争的需求。通过分析软件企业运用CMM进行过程改进的必要性,对运用CMM改进软件过程的关键步骤做了研究,提出了我国中小型软件企业运用CMM进行过程改进的解决方案。     

中小型企业软件过程改进方法研究

软件质量很大程度上取决于生产和维护软件的过程的质量,这一结论已被广泛认可。我国自20世纪90年代开始关注软件过程改进,先后引入ISO9000、CMM/CMMI等过程模型。但这些模型主要源于大型组织的过程经验,在中小型企业中实施起来存在诸多困难。中小型企业如何实施软件过程改进这一问题在业界和学术界一直倍受关注。结合一个典型中小型企业的软件过程改进实践提出了一个持续的、迭代增量的软件过程改进方法,可满足中小型企业希望以较低成本达到良好改进效果的需求。     

基于TSP的软件质量控制平台设计与实现

介绍了一个软件质量控制平台的设计与实现过程。该平台以CMM,TSP/PSP为核心理论依据,作为一个面向中小型软件企业的软件质量控制平台,它能够有效提高开发效率,帮助企业改进软件过程,并支持企业的软件能力最高达到CMM5级水平。内容包括TSP/PSP相关概念及特点,平台的系统架构、功能描述、实现技术以及项目的创新研究成果。为企业实施软件过程改进、构建基于TSP技术的大型复杂软件质量控制平台提供了很好的借鉴作用。     

软件过程度量的过程模型及其应用研究

软件度量是软件工程中最活跃的一个研究领域。本文给出了一个软件过程度量的过程模型,定义了实施软件过程度量的角色、内容、主要活动及相关的支持环境,重点阐述软件过程度量的数据采集、验证和分析活动的目标、任务和方法。通过一个软件项目的度量过程实例,研究并确认该模型在过程评估和改进方面的作用和意义。本文的研究对于规范和改善组织的软件过程度量,提高组织的过程能力成熟度,具有一定的指导意义和广泛的应用价值。     

基于CMMI的软件过程度量

软件度量已经逐渐成为了软件工程领域中极其重要的一部分。该文提出了一种软件过程的度量模型。在该模型中定义了与实施软件过程度量有关的活动。并在此基础上,重点阐述和说明了数据收集、认证和分析的目标、任务以及方法。文中还给出了一个把该模型应用于大型软件公司的实例,以说明该模型能够有效地评估并改进软件过程。该文的研究结果对改进软件过程、增加组织的过程能力成熟度是很有帮助的。     

基于CMMI的软件过程度量

软件度量已经逐渐成为了软件工程领域中极其重要的一部分。该文提出了一种软件过程的度量模型。在该模型中定义了与实施软件过程度量有关的活动。并在此基础上,重点阐述和说明了数据收集、认证和分析的目标、任务以及方法。文中还给出了一个把该模型应用于大型软件公司的实例,以说明该模型能够有效地评估并改进软件过程。该文的研究结果对改进软件过程、增加组织的过程能力成熟度是很有帮助的。     

中小型软件企业知识管理的研究

越来越多的我国中小型软件企业认识到员工的知识是企业最有价值的资产，而且在企业中实施知识管理是十分必要的。首先概括了这些企业在知识管理方面的现状，提出了一个适用于中小型软件企业的知识管理体系，说明了知识管理与CMM／CMMI的关系，并给出了知识管理与软件过程管理的结合模型，介绍了一个软件企业知识管理系统的模型框架，分享了实施知识管理的一些经验。     

第三代软件工程环境研究：一个可配置的开放式系统框架

关于软件工程环境有多种定义。E.Fedchak曾将其定义为“共同构成软件开发与支持框架的一组工具、结构、规则和方法(proeedures)的集合。”〔2〕。C.J.Tully在第九届国际软件工程年会(I CSEg)上又将软件工程环境定义为“为了获得更高的生产率和更高的产品质量,用于支持程序设计者、软件工程师、系统设计者和项目管理者等活动的一组计算机辅助设施。     

An empirical analysis of the impact of software development problem factors on software maintainability

Many problem factors in the software development phase affect the maintainability of the delivered software systems. Therefore, understanding software development problem factors can help in not only reducing the incidence of project failure but can also ensure software maintainability. This study focuses on those software development problem factors which may possibly affect software maintainability. Twenty-five problem factors were classified into five dimensions; a questionnaire was designed and 137 software projects were surveyed. A K-means cluster analysis was performed to classify the projects into three groups of low, medium and high maintainability projects. For projects which had a higher level of severity of problem factors, the influence on software maintainability becomes more obvious. The influence of software process improvement (SPI) on project problems and the associated software maintainability was also examined in this study. Results suggest that SPI can help reduce the level of severity of the documentation quality and process management problems, and is only likely to enhance software maintainability to a medium level. Finally, the top 10 list of higher-severity software development problem factors was identified, and implications were discussed.     

SPI success factors within product usability evaluation

This article presents an experience report where we compare 8 years of experience of product related usability testing and evaluation with principles for software process improvement (SPI). In theory the product and the process views are often seen to be complementary, but studies of industry have demonstrated the opposite. Therefore, more empirical studies are needed to understand and improve the present situation. We find areas of close agreement as well as areas where our work illuminates new characteristics. It has been identified that successful SPI is dependent upon being successfully combined with a business orientation. Usability and business orientation also have strong connections although this has not been extensively addressed in SPI publications. Reasons for this could be that usability focuses on product metrics whilst today's SPI mainly focuses on process metrics. Also because today's SPI is dominated by striving towards a standardized, controllable, and predictable software engineering process; whilst successful usability efforts in organisations are more about creating a creative organisational culture advocating a useful product throughout the development and product life cycle. We provide a study and discussion that supports future development when combining usability and product focus with SPI, in particular if these efforts are related to usability process improvement efforts.     

一个基于Web的软件过程改进框架SPIF的实现

软件过程的理论日趋成熟，而基于软件过程改进模型的面向中小软件组织的应用程序却很少，因而造成一种情形，即管理者知道应该进行软件过程的改进，也知道有很多可以参考的规范与模型，但是，真正开始的时候，却不知道该如何着手。本文介绍一个基于Web的软件过程改进框架，试图给出一个解决问题的途径。该系统集成一组管理工具与相关知识库，用一种灵活的方式帮助组织确定适合自己的软件过程模型，从而以一种相对简洁方便的方式实现对软件过程的管理与改进。     

基于CMM的软件配置管理模型CSCM研究

软件能力成熟度模型（CMM）是一种对软件组织开发能力的评估模型1,可以指导开发组织如何进行软件过程改进,从而提高软件组织的开发效率和软件产品的质量。软件质量保障是一个复杂的问题,软件配置管理是软件质量保证的基础3,7,其目的就是在软件生命周期的整个过程中建立并维护软件产品的完整性,从而可以有效地控制软件质量。     

用PSP塑造合格的软件工程师

本文首先简要介绍了PSP的原理,阐述了如何使学生理解从个体软件开发过程到软件产品工程过程,培养学生从开发简单小程序的实践转向开发大规模软件。然后结合实际的教学环境对教学策略加以详细的说明,并对收集到的学生数据进行总结和分析。     

在软件企业中实施小组软件过程

软件企业在追求改进产品交付质量、降低软件开发成本、提高组织生产效率的三大商业目标时,已经认识到不断改进和完善自身软件过程、增强过程能力、实现成熟软件过程的必要性和迫切性。在此过程中,所面临的首要问题是如何根据企业自身情况建立或整理出一套良好的软件过程,并对此加以明确定义。该文结合所在项目组进行的小组软件过程实践,对TSP实施过程中可能遇到的一些共性问题进行了深入的分析,并提出相应的解决方案以及具体的实施策略和主要步骤。     

A research framework for building SPI proposals in small organizations: the COMPETISOFT experience

Establishing a research strategy that is suitable for undertaking research on software engineering is vital if we are to guarantee that research products are developed and validated following a systematic and coherent method. We took this into account as we carried out the COMPETISOFT research project, which investigated software process improvement (SPI) in the context of Latin American small companies. That experience has enabled us to develop a research strategy based on the integrated use of action research and case study methods. This paper introduces the proposed research strategy and provides extensive discussion of its application for: (1) developing the Methodological framework of COMPETISOFT for SPI, (2) putting this framework into practice in eight small software companies, and (3) refine the Methodological framework due to the practice feedback. The use of this research strategy allowed us to observe that it was suitable for developing, refining, improving, applying, and validating COMPETISOFT’s Methodology framework. Furthermore, having seen it applied, we believe that this strategy offers a successful integration of action research and case study, which can be useful for conducting research in other software engineering areas which address needs of small software companies.     

Software process improvement success factors for small and medium Web companies: A qualitative study

Context

The context of this research is software process improvement (SPI) in small and medium Web companies.

Objective

The primary objective of this paper is to identify software process improvement (SPI) success factors for small and medium Web companies.

Method

To achieve this goal, we conducted semi-structured, open-ended interviews with 21 participants representing 11 different companies in Pakistan, and analyzed the data qualitatively using the Glaserian strand of grounded theory research procedures. The key steps of these procedures that were employed in this research included open coding, focused coding, theoretical coding, theoretical sampling, constant comparison, and scaling up.

Results

An initial framework of key SPI success factors for small and medium Web companies was proposed, which can be of use for small and medium Web companies engaged in SPI. The paper also differentiates between small and medium Web companies and analyzes crucial SPI requirements for companies operating in the Web development domain.

Conclusion

The results of this work, in particular the use of qualitative techniques - allowed us to obtain rich insight into SPI success factors for small and medium Web companies. Future work comprises the validation of the SPI success factors with small and medium Web companies.     

软件项目管理流程设计的相关问题研究

软件项目工程有着复杂、易变等特点,还由于其不可预见性使得软件项目管理的难度比较大。文章主要探讨了软件项目管理流程设计的相关问题,研究怎样设计总体流程以保证软件项目管理的顺利。